Lesson 2_Day_2_Introduction to Quantitative.pptx

Research Introduction

1. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 THE CHAR A CTERISTICS, STREN G THS, WEAKNESSES, AND KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

2. Learning Targets: describe the characteristics of a quantitative research; uncover the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative research.

3. WHAT CAN YOU INFER ABOUT THE VIDEO?

4. What is RESEARCH? Why do w e c ondu c t r es e a r c h ?

5. What is RESEARCH? The term research comes from the French word recerche which means to travel through or to survey.

6. “ R esea r ch is the s ys t ematic in v estigation and s t udy of ma t erials and sou r c es t o es t ablish f acts and reach n e w c onclusions. It is a s ys t ematic and objective search for reliable knowledge. 8

7. Why do we conduct research? 9 ◎ T o g a ther ne c essa r y information ◎ T o find solutions to problems ◎ T o imp r o v e the s t anda r d of living ◎ F or a saf er li f e ◎ T o kn o w the truth

8. is essentially about collecting numerical data to explain a particular phenomenon. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

9. A more logical and data – led approach p e ople thi n k from a stat i stical whi c h p r ovi d es a m e asu r e o f what and numerical point of view. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

10. can gather a large amount of data that can be easily organized, analyzed and interpreted. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

11. Characteristics of Quantitative Research

12. Objective - impartial, unbiased and neutral Clearly defined questions (What, Which, how much)

13. Structured research instruments (surveys, questionnaires, software) Numerical data and statistical treatment (unbiased results)

14. Large sample size (represents a population) Replication (high reliability — stable and consistent) Future outcomes (new concepts & further studies)

15. Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

16. Fast speed data collection (sampling methods) Findings can be generalized (if sample is from a population) Strengths

17. Easy to analyze data (use of statistical data) Consistent and reliable data (use of research manipulations - experiment, surveys) Strengths

18. 5. Can be anonymous (for sensitive topic) Strengths

19. number of Requires a large respondents Costly and expensive W eaknesses

20. Secondary data may be unavailable Many info are di f ficult to answer (sensitive topic) W eaknesses

21. 5. More structured research instruments W eaknesses

22. KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH 1 2 3 4

23. Four Basic Kinds Of Quantitative Research

24. Survey Correlational Causal – comparative Experimental

25. a brief interview or discussion with individuals about a specific topic. SURVEY RESEARCH

26. Most common tools used in Survey Research

27. Interviews Questionnaires Sampling polls

28. When conducting a Survey Research…

29. If the population is small, universal sampling is used while if it is large, a sample of the population is used. People questioned are sampled randomly.

30. Researcher must be properly guided by field service agents who are authority on that area. When the respondents are minors, approval of parents or guardian must be secured.

31. Several ways to conduct survey research

32. in person over the phone through mail or email

33. CORRELATIONAL is done what the effect of one on the other might be and how that affects the relationship.

34. Relationship between intelligen c e and friendliness Student’s hours of study and their stress level Examples

35. 3 Types of Correlational Research

36. Positive correlation Negative correlation No correlation

37. an increase in one variable leads to an increase in the other and a decrease in one leads to a decrease in the other. Positive correlation

38. Example The more money you have, the more things you can buy. More time to study, the higher the test score.

39. an increase in one variable leads to a decrease in the other and vice versa. Negative correlation

40. might The level of education correlate negatively with crime. Example

41. A change in one doesn’t lead to a change in the other and vice versa. No correlation

42. Increase in money doesn’ t lead to happiness Example

43. Am I positive? Negative? Zero?

44. Read the following cases. Identify the type of correlation that exist between them. 1. A student who has incurred many absences got low grades.

45. Taller people have larger shoe sizes and shorter people have smaller shoe sizes. The taller a basketball player is, the more he weighs. As one exercises more, his body weight becomes less.

46. A s weather gets colde r , air conditioning costs decrease. 6. I f a train increases speed, the length of time to get to the final point decreases. The more time you spend running on a treadmill, the more calories you will burn.

47. A person ’ s telephone number is related to his IQ score. If it is darker outside, more light is needed inside. I f a chicken increases in age, the amount of eggs it produces decrease.

48. CAUSAL - COMPARATIVE D etermine cause or consequences of differences that already exist between or among groups of individuals.

49. CAUSAL - COMPARATIVE is also post facto” research. (Latin for “ after the fact)

50. Female and male employees and their job satisfaction Gender causes on differences in abilities Examples

51. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH uses the scientific method to establish the cause-effect relationship among a group of variables

52. Levels of heavy metal bioaccumulation of Nypa fruticans from Boac River Solar purification for water portability Examples