LESSON 2 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY.pptx

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY - LESSON 2

1. CONTENT AND CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PRIMARY SOURCES

2. CONTENT ANALYSIS It is the process of examining and interpreting the actual content of a document, text, image, or source.

3. CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS It is the process of examining a source or text by placing it within its historical, cultural, or social context.

4. ANTONIO PIGAFETTA (1491-1534) Antonio Lombardo or Francisco Antonio Pigafetta. Died in Vicenza Italy He was a Scholar Explorer Seafarer Geographer

5. ANTONIO PIGAFETTA (1491-1534) He traveled with the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and his crew by order of the King Charles I of Spain on their Voyage around the world. His travelogue is one of the most important primary sources of the study of Precolonial Philippines.

6. Crew and Composition The expedition had about 237 men from different nations, not just Spaniards. Duarte Barbosa , Juan Serrano , Estêvão Gomes , and Enrique of Malacca

7. September 1519 The fleet left Sanlúcar de Barrameda . October 21, 1520 Magellan’s fleet found and entered the strait that now bears his name: the Strait of Magellan

8. November 1520 They were the first Europeans to see and sail the Pacific Ocean. Magellan named it “Mar Pacifico” or Peaceful Sea

9. The Pacific Crossing It took them more than three months (Nov 1520–March 1521) to cross the vast ocean.

10. The Ladrones Islands After crossing the Pacific, they landed on islands Pigafetta called the Ladrones (Islands of Thieves). Today, this is known as the Marianas Islands or Guam.

11. Arrival Near the Philippines  Ten days later, the fleet sighted what Pigafetta called the Isle of Zamal , which is now Samar. The fleet went to Humunu Island (Homonhon) and there they found what he referred to as the “Watering Place of Good Signs.” for it is in this place that they found the first signs of gold in the island. They named the island together with a nearby island as the archipelago of St. Lazarus.

12. March 18, 1521 First Contact with Filipinos Nine men from nearby islands approached them joyfully.

13. Amazement with Coconut (Cochos) This was one of the first European written descriptions of the coconut tree, which amazed Pigafetta because of its many uses.

14. March 25, 1521  Pigafetta wrote that they saw two balanghai (balangay boats) filled with people. They were led to Mazaua/Mazzava (Limasawa), where they met Raia Siagu (Rajah Siaiu), the local ruler. 

15. After a few days, Raia Siagu introduced Magellan to his brother, Raia Calambu (Rajah Kolambu), ruler of Butuan and Caraga (Caragua). Pigafetta noted that in these places, gold was abundant .

16. First Mass  On March 31, 1521 , Easter Sunday, the First Holy Mass in the Philippines was celebrated by Father Pedro Valderrama upon Magellan’s order near the island’s shore. This event marked the beginning of Roman Catholicism in the country. Rajah Kolambu and Rajah Siagu were the first natives to attend, long before the islands were named “Laz Islas Filipinas” in 1543 by Ruy López de Villalobos.

17. April 7, 1521  Magellan and his men reached the port of Zzubu (Cebu) with the help of Raja Humabon who offered to pilot them in going to the island . A blood compact (sandugo) sealed their alliance.

18. April 14, 1521   Magellan persuaded Humabon to destroy other Goddess and embrace Christianity. Humabon was baptized, taking the name Carlos (after King Charles V of Spain). The queen of Cebu was baptized as Juana. Pigafetta recorded that Magellan gave her an image of the Santo Niño (Infant Jesus), which is still venerated in Cebu today.

19. April 27, 1521   Zula, a chief allied with Spain, asked Magellan for help against Silapulapu (Lapulapu) of Mactan. Magellan was hit by a poisoned arrow and slain. This became the first recorded Filipino resistance against foreign invaders, with Lapulapu honored today as a national hero.

20. Betrayal at Cebu   After Magellan’s death, leadership passed to Duarte Barbosa and others. Pigafetta wrote that Enrique of Malacca (Magellan’s interpreter) conspired with Humabon. During a feast arranged by Humabon, many Spaniards were massacred, further weakening the expedition.

21. Return Voyage & Completion of Circumnavigation   Only two ships remained: Trinidad and Victoria. Trinidad was captured by the Portuguese; only the Victoria, led by Juan Sebastián Elcano, survived.

22. September 8, 1522  T he crew of the Victoria cast anchor in the waters off of Seville, Spain, having just completed the first circumnavigation of the world.