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1. DO NOW
Characteristic/Description Macromolecule
Use for short term energy storage or cell wall structure
Used for insulation and long-term energy storage
Contains a pentose sugar, phosphate group and
nitrogenous base

Contains nitrogen, but not phosphorus
Contains R group, central carbon, amino group,
hydrogen atom and carboxyl group

Contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Section

2. Structure Macromolecule

3. Vocabulary
∙Amino Acid
∙R-group
∙Amino group
∙Carboxyl group
∙Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structure
∙Disulfide bridge
∙Cellulose
∙Linear
∙Branched
∙5’ and 3’ Carbons
∙Antiparallel

4. 4
Classroom Expectation : Let’s Discuss!



1.What is the monomer of
protein ?
2.Why is monomer of
protein different from that
of carbohydrate ?

5. Entrance Ticket (5mins )
Reading or Direct Instruction: Protein
Structure (15mins )
Protein Folding with Pipe Cleaners (20 mins)
Independent Practice 1 (1 5mins )
Reading or Direct Instruction: Carbohydrate + DNA
structure (15mins )
Independent Practice 2 ( 10 mins )
Exit Ticket ( 10 mins )
AGENDA

6. Objectives


Lesson Objective

KWBAT explain how a change in the subunit of a
polymer can lead to changes in the structure and function of
the macromolecule.

7. Protein Structure and Function
●Proteins are large macromolecules
● Monomer for proteins is amino acid.
●Amino acids contain 3 essential components:
○an amino group
○ a carboxyl group
○ and an R-group.
●The carboxyl and amino groups are always the same
● Carboxyl group has a central carbon atom
●the Amino group has a central nitrogen.
●The R-group is the wide card that changes between
different amino acids.
●R-group defines the amino acid
○polar R-groups will be hydrophilic (attracted to water)
○nonpolar R-groups will be hydrophobic (repelled from water)


●
Varying R-groups in Amino Acids

8. •Polar R-groups are present
amino acids with non-polar R-groups
(i.e. R-groups that contain no polar bonds)

9. Protein structure :(Amino acids long chains and four levels of
organization)
•Amino acids come together in long chains to
form proteins
•new amino acids are added at the location of
the carboxyl group.
•Bonds joining amino acids are called peptide
bonds
•the resulting chains are called polypeptides.
•However, protein structure is more than being a
straight line
•– we say that it has four levels of organization.

10. Primary structure of proteins
The primary structure of proteins is
simply a linear chain of amino acids.
the sequence of amino acids in the
primary structure completely
determines the way in which it will fold,
and therefore influence the protein’s
function.

Bonds in this level of folding: peptide
bonds; sometimes di-sulfide bonds

11. secondary structure of proteins
•secondary structure of proteins includes
• local folding and bending.
•If amino acids twist in circles, we call it an alpha
helix
• if amino acids fold up in down, we call it a beta
pleated sheet.
•The secondary structure forms as a result of
hydrogen bonds between nearby amino acids.
•
•Bonds in this level of folding:
•hydrogen bonds, peptide bonds, *sometimes
disulfide bonds*

12. Tertiary structure of protein
•The tertiary structure
• folding and bending across different sections of the
polypeptide
• based on their R-group characteristics.
•When dissolved in water:
• amino acids with hydrophilic R-groups exist on the protein’s
surface
• those with hydrophobic R-groups will tuck into the interior to
avoid the aqueous solution
•There are disulfide bridges if sulfur is present).
• Disulfide bridges are very strong bonds
• allow the proteins to be very stable
•Bonds in this level of folding:
•Ionic bonds (weak bonds very fragile in aqueous solutions),
•disulfide bridges (S-S bond)
• hydrogen bonds (weak bonds), Hydrophobic Interactions

13. The quaternary structure of proteins
•The quaternary structure of proteins involves
more than one protein combined together
through hydrogen bonds
• This does not exist in all proteins.
•Bonds in this level of folding:
• All bonds are present.

14. 14
Let’s Review!



Does it matter what the R-group of an amino acid is ?

15. Open the Independent
Practice folder and complete
the three assigned questions
within 10 minutes. Ensure
your responses demonstrate
a clear understanding of
biological concepts
Independent
Practice

16. In the next 10 mins…

●Read and circle new words
in the passage
●Describe the process of
DNA and RNA synthesis?
●Why is the direction of 5’
and 3’ considered
antiparallel ?
Read and
Circle

17. Open the Independent
Practice folder and complete
the assigned questions
within 10 minutes. Ensure
your responses demonstrate
a clear understanding of
biological concepts
Independent
Practice 2

18. It is now a new day in the Doctor’s office in which you serve as
intern, and you will see if this morning’s patients are generally
taller or shorter than yesterdays' patients. You arranged the 23
patients’ height in a data table.
Height Number of
Patients
64 2
65 3
66 4
67 5
68 4
69 3
70 2
Questions
1.Draw a graph to show
relationship between height
and number of patients.
2.What are the mean, median
and mode of the data ?
3.What is the standard
deviation for the data set?