Lesson 3 werqwerqwerasdfasdfasfasdfa.pptx

Lesson 3.pptx

1. I nformation and C ommunication T echnology

2. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GENERATION OF COMPUTERS A computer is an electronic device that accepts, processes, stores and outputs data under the control of sets of instructions. It took around 50 years of continuous developments to bring the computer in its present form.

3. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Increase in speed, storage capacity and reliability Decrease in cost and size

4. 4 First-generation computers, which were created between the 1940s and 1950s, represented the start of the computers. These computers employed vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for storage. First Generation Computers were too bulky and large that they needed a full room and consumed a lot of electricity. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY First Generation (1940 – 1956)

5. 5 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Vacuum Tubes

6. 6 An electron tube could be a  vacuum tube   or valve, is a device that controls the flow of electrical current during a high vacuum between electrodes so that an electrical potential has been applied. Vacuum Tubes were employed in the first generation of computers to perform calculations. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Vacuum Tubes

7. 7 ENIAC: E lectronic N umerical I ntegrator a nd C omputer, built by J. Presper Eckert and John V. Mauchly was a general-purpose computer. It had been cumbersome, and large, and contained 18,000 vacuum tubes. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Examples of First Generation Computer

8. 8 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ENIAC

9. 9 EDVAC: E lectronic D iscrete V ariable A utomatic C omputer was designed by Von Neumann . It could store data also as instruction and thus the speed was enhanced. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Examples of First Generation Computer

10. 10 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EDVAC

11. 11 UNIVAC : U niversal A utomatic C omputer was created by Eckert and Mauchly in 1947 It was the world’s 1st commercially electronic computing device. It absolutely was delivered to the North American country Bureau of a census in 1951. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Examples of First Generation Computer

12. 12 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIVAC

13. 13 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Characteristics of First Generation Computer Characteristics Components Main electronic component Vacuum tube. Programming language Machine language . Main memory Magnetic tapes  and magnetic drums Input/output devices Paper tape and punched cards. Speed and size Very slow and very large (often taking up an entire room). Examples of the first generation IBM 650, IBM 701, ENIAC, UNIVAC1, etc.

14. 14 Increased Calculation Speed Automation of Complex Tasks Reliable Results Enhanced Research Capabilities Military and Government Use INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Advantages of First Generation Computer

15. 15 Computers were larger. They consumed an outsized quantity of energy. They heated terribly shortly because of thousands of vacuum tubes. They weren’t terribly reliable. Air learning is needed. Constant maintenance was needed. Not transportable. Costly business production. Very less work potency. Limited programming capabilities. Use of punch cards. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Disadvantages of First Generation Computer

16. 16 Also known as transistor computers. The second generation of computers consists of two types of devices, transistors, and magnetic core. The transistors helped to develop a better computer than the first generation computers consisting of vacuum tubes. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Second Generation (1957 – 1963)

17. 17 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Transistors

18. 18 A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electrical signals and power. It is one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics. It is composed of semiconductor material, usually with at least three terminals for connection to an electronic circuit. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Transistors

19. 19 IBM 1920: I nternation B usiness M achines 1920 C omputer was developed by IBM Company assumed the role of General Manager is Thomas J. Watson. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Examples of Second Generation Computer

20. 20 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IBM 1920

21. 21 CDC 1604: is a 48-bit computer designed and manufactured by Seymour Cray and his team at the C ontrol D ata C orporation (CDC). The 1604 is known as one of the first commercially successful transistorized computers. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Examples of Second Generation Computer

22. 22 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CDC 1604

23. 23 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Characteristics of First Generation Computer Characteristics Components Main electronic component Transistors Programming language Assembly language . Main memory RAM and ROM Input/output devices Paper tape and punched cards. Speed and size Its speed is high.

24. 24 Smaller in size: The Second generation of computers are much more smaller in size than the first generation computers. Change in circuits: The main change is the use of transistors in place of vacuum tubes( Vacuum tubes are used in first generation of computers). Power/ Energy Requirement: The second generation of computers requires less amount of energy (i.e. electricity) compared to the first generation of computers and produces less heat than the first-generation computer. Language used: Assembly language is used instead of Machine Language(used in first-generation computers) for programming in computers. Speed: Calculation of data could be done in microseconds. Cost: The cost of Second-generation computers is reduced in comparison to first-generation computers. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Characteristics of Second Generation Computer

25. 25 As we know, that they generate less heat but still require a cooling system. They require frequent maintenance. The commercial production of second generation computers is difficult. They are used only for some specific purpose. They use punch cards for input. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Disadvantages of First Generation Computer

26. THANK YOU