Lesson 4 Quarter 1 in Personal Development

Lesson 4 Quarter 1 in Personal Development

1. Personal Development Quarter 1 The Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence

2. Content Standard : The learner demonstrates an understanding of the developmental changes in middle and late adolescence, and expectations of and from adolescents. Performance Standard : The learner shall be able to clarify and manage the demands of the teen years (middle and late adolescence) Learning Outcomes : Upon completion of the module, the student is expected to identify the different pitfalls and challenges that teen- agers have encountered. Competencies : 1. Identify ways that help one become capable and responsible adolescent prepared for adult life.

3. DOH data on HIV indicate that the most number of persons infected are ____. adults c. females males d. teenagers 2. Who said that biological, psychological, and social factors interplay and contribute to create problems that teenagers need to overcome during adolescence? Casey c. Connolly Havighurst d. Santrock 3. Which is a characteristic symptom of a marked diminished in interest or pleasure in all, or almost all activities of the day? a. anxiety c. depression b. drug abuse d. social disorder

4. 4. The following are the social factors that contribute to the emergence of an adolescent except ___________. barangay hall c. family peers d. school 5. Rejection during adolescents is inevitable. What is likely the result of this rejection if not handled well? Low self-esteem depression negative attitude towards self all of the above 6. Common causes of suicide include ___________________. hopelessness c. low self-esteem self-blame d. all of the above

5. 7. Teenagers who drop out from school are more prone to except_____ drug addiction b b. computer addiction c. drinking alcoholic beverages d. being successful in life 8. Which is considered as one of the most difficult challenges during adolescents? Finding a sense of identity Becoming academically successful Proving yourself to your parents that you are independent Finding friends who can positively influence your behaviors

6. 9. The following are the strategies that a teenager may do to cope with the challenges they encountered according to Sevilla except_________. identifies your vulnerabilities learns to accept what you feel develops your talents and interests no need to ask for help to avoid disclosure 10.What happens when adolescents fail to master self- control? They can negatively influence others They may not be able to pursue a career They are likely to engage in risky behaviors They may not able to express their ideas well

7. What I Need to Know You are in your module 4 Senior High School students and embrace the 4th wave of your journey towards knowing yourself further. As you continue in your journey towards personal development in this module, you will be able to conquer the challenges in your life as a teenager. In this module you will learn strategies and ways on how to cope with the demands of teenage life thus, you are expected to unleash your challenges in life and later on think of ways on how to deal with those challenges and pitfalls in life. Before we begin with our lesson, please consider the following learning objectives of this module. At the end of the lesson, you can: Discuss that facing the challenges during adolescence may able to clarify and manage the demands of teen years; and ▪ Identify strategies to cope with the challenges of teenage years.

8. What’s New Activity 1: RISKY BEHAVIORS ON THE GO The objective of this activity is to help you identify risky or dangerous behaviors that you usually observe among adolescents. Write risky behaviors and identify the causes of such risky behavior through a graphic organizer (GO).

9. What is It What causes risky behavior? Santrock (2012) cited the biopsychosocial approach in emphasizing that biological, psychological, and social factors interplay and contribute to create problems that you need to overcome during adolescence. Biological or physical factors such as genes, hormones and brain development cause challenges that adolescents need to face. According to Casey et.al., (2011) the development of the prefrontal cortex after amygdala has been linked to risk-taking behaviors and sexual experimentation. While the prefrontal cortex is still developing, your brain may not be able to process what you feel and control your actions. In this case, it may cause problems.

10. Accordingly, one of the most difficult challenges that you encounter as a teenager is finding a sense of identity . The absence of concrete self-identity causes heightened emotionality that usually causes problems. Later, you get irritated and have mood swings easily. Sometimes, mood swings become too erratic and negative, resulting in relationship problems and depressions. If you have become used to getting what you want, then self-control may become an issue. If self-control is not mastered, concerns like drug abuse, computer gaming, other delinquent acts may emerge.as cited by Anderson et. Al., (2007) low conscientiousness has been associated with drug abuse and behavior problems. Hence, your emotions can influence your actions and decisions; so, you become less objective, and your actions may not be effective.

11. There are social factors that contribute to the emergence of an adolescent namely family, peers, school, socio-economic status and immediate environment. You spend most of your time with your peers during adolescence which may have negative effects on your attitudes and behavior especially when your friends are not so good influencer. For example, if you are fond of going out with friends who are smokers and drinkers of alcoholic beverages, there is a great possibility that you will also learn to smoke and drink. On the other hand, if you will not go with them, you might be rejected by them. Furthermore, if you experience rejection , it may cause depression if not handled well. Today, adolescents engage in romantic relationships at an early age and may suffer various consequences which may also lead to rejection. Connolly and McIsaac (2009) cited that early dating is linked to substance abuse, and that unsuccessful romantic relationships lead to depression.

12. Additionally, teenagers who drop out from school are more prone to drug addiction and other delinquent activities. Also, there are studies that proves that poverty is linked to many problems that adolescents are vulnerable to (Santiago, et,al., 2011). And Chen et.al. (2011) also mentioned that adolescents who live in an unhealthy environment are in higher risks for developing problems. Moreover, those who came from non-intact families due to nonmarriage, separation, parents’ working abroad, and death usually experience problems. To sum up everything these are the challenges that every teenager may encounter: – Finding a sense of identity – Self-control – Romantic relationship at an early age – Engage in activities that put their health and dignity at risk – Drop-out from school are more prone to drug addiction and other delinquent activities 41

13. Moreover, those who came from non-intact families due to nonmarriage, separation, parents’ working abroad, and death usually experience problems. To sum up everything these are the challenges that every teenager may encounter: – Finding a sense of identity – Self-control – Romantic relationship at an early age – Engage in activities that put their health and dignity at risk – Drop-out from school are more prone to drug addiction and other delinquent Activities – Non-intact families due to non-marriage, separation, parent/s working abroad, and death usually experience problems.

14. Pitfalls and Challenges of Adolescents The following are some of the common pitfalls and challenges that adolescent may experience: using and abusing drugs – this is often due to peer pressure which means that the more your friend use illegal drugs the greater the possibility that you will become involved with drugs. 2. being addicted to computer games – teenagers are hooked to these recreational activities merely because this is not just for fun rather this gives opportunities for the teenagers to express what they feel, create their own world, and most importantly, find their identity in the characters of the game. However, because adolescents have created their own world in the game, they are sometimes unable to distinguish reality from the virtual one. With amusement that these computer games have offered to them, this would result to cutting classes and worst stop schooling.

15. running away from home – some of the reasons of running away from are their parents are hurting them physically, feeling unhappy at home, a means of getting what they want. According to Kimmel and Weiner (1995), runaways who anticipate to finding something pleasant at home return home sooner and manifest that they are less traumatized than those who run away from something unpleasant, such as being physically hurt or violated at home. 4. being sexually promiscuous – due to hormonal changes, teenagers normally experience heightened sexual activities during this stage. Thus, becoming teenage parent is possible. Based on the data of the Department of Health (DOH) on the transmission of the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) (2014), the most number of persons who become infected with HIV are teenagers.

16. 5. being depressed - According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM 5 ed.), at least 5 of the 9 symptoms represent a change in the individual’s functioning (observed during a 2week period): a. Depressed mood most of the day b. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day c. Significant weight loss or weight gain, or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day d. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day e. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day f. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day g. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every day h. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day i. Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide

17. 6. committing suicide – is usually associated with depression which is closely related with a sense of hopelessness, low self-esteem, and high self-blame (O’Donnell et.al., 2004). After knowing these pitfalls and challenges, it will help you avoid being trapped to difficult situations. Sometimes teenagers put themselves into these situations mainly because of their inability to express their feelings or emotions especially when their significant people have high expectations from them. But do not worry because there are strategies to cope with these challenges…

18. Strategies to Cope with Challenges The challenges that you will encounter might cause pain and stress on your part. While you are capable to handle such situations, it may cause pressures that would affect your well-being. So, here are some of the strategies that may help you do so (Sevilla, 2000): Learn to accept what you feel – when you feel sad, angry, or envious, you need to embrace these feelings because they are real emotions. They are only reflective of who you are- a human being. Accepting your feelings means allowing yourself to feel and express them. 2. Identify your vulnerabilities – knowing when you feel intense emotions is important to acknowledge. For instance, you have noticed that before you flare up in anger, you first feel your face getting hot, your knees trembling, and your heart pounding very fast. The next time you feel angry and you see these signs, you excuse yourself from the discussion and walk away.

19. Develop your talents and interests – know your interests or things that you enjoy. After doing so, then develop those competencies, talents, and skills in you. With these, you do not allow negative thoughts or feelings conquer your heart. 4. Become more involved with others – as they say no one is an island so, we need others to support us. Do not just focus on yourself but rather live your life with other people that can give you happiness and influence you to become a good person.

20. Seek help when needed – most of the adolescents would feel shy and are hesitant to ask for help because they might feel that they add burden to the person they are asking help for. But you must remember that teenager still must learn a lot of ways of being effective and psychologically healthy. Thus, you still seek for help to your support system. So Senior High School students, do not be afraid to experience difficulties in life it is just normal. However, you just have to ask for help in order to cope with those challenges in life…Remember that a life without challenges is a life not worth living.

21. What’s More Activity 2: THE FREEDOM WALL Expressing your feelings is very important when you feel pressured due to high expectations. The aim of this activity is to help you express your thoughts and feelings to authority figures like your parents. Instructions: 1. Think of an expectation that your parents expressed recently or in the past wherein you felt really pressured. 2. Think about these questions: How do you feel about these expectations? What would you like to say? 3. Collect your feelings and thoughts about their expectations where you feel really pressured. Write them down on a piece of paper. 4. Paste it to a wall or any place in your area. 5. After gathering your thoughts and feelings, organize them and prepare a script that will allow you to express these thoughts and feelings to your parents. 6. Read the script or say it gently to them if you can. Write your script in your journal notebook.

22. What I have Learned Activity 3: KWL CHART: Answer the table below. K What I know about the topic? W What I wonder about the topic? L What I learned about the topic?

23. What I can Do Activity 4: SLOGAN OR PERSONAL DECLARATION ON BEING HAPPY Instructions: 1. Read the essay on “Being Happy” below. 2. Choose a phrase, sentence, or paragraph that strikes you. 3. Make a slogan or personal declaration on how you can be committed to your self-development in a short bond paper. Be creative! 4. Explain your thoughts and feelings about it. Include specific ways in which you will develop yourself further.

24. Reading: BEING HAPPY You may have defects, be anxious and sometimes live irritated, but do not forget that your life is the greatest enterprise in the world. Only you can prevent it from going into decadence. There are many that need you, admire you and love you. I would like to remind you that being happy is not having a sky without storms, or roads without accidents, or work without fatigue, or relationships without disappointments. Being happy is finding strength in forgiveness, hope in one’s battles, security at the stage of fear, love in disagreements. Being happy is not only to treasure the smile, but that you also reflect on the sadness. It is not just commemorating the event, but also learning lessons in failures. It is not just having joy with the applause, but also having joy in anonymity.

25. Being happy is to recognize that it is worthwhile to live, despite all the challenges, misunderstandings, and times of crises. Being happy is not inevitable fate, but a victory for those who can travel towards it with your own being. Being happy is to stop being a victim of problems but become an actor in history itself. It is not only to cross the deserts outside of ourselves, but still more, to be able to find an oasis in the recesses of our soul. It is to thank God every morning for the miracle of life. Being happy is not being afraid of one's feelings. It is to know how to talk about ourselves. It is to bear with courage when hearing a "no". It is to have the security to receive criticism, even if is unfair. It is to kiss the children, pamper the parents, have poetic moments with friends, even if they have hurt us.

26. Being happy means allowing the free, happy, and simple child inside each of us to live; having the maturity to say, "I was wrong"; having the audacity to say, "forgive me". It is to have sensitivity in expressing, "I need you"; to have the ability of saying, "I love you." So that your life becomes a garden full of opportunities for being happy... In your spring-time, may you become a lover of joy. In your winter, may you become a friend of wisdom. And when you go wrong along the way, you start all over again. Thus, you will be more passionate about life. And you will find that happiness is not about having a perfect life but about using tears to water tolerance, losses to refine patience, failures to carve serenity, pain to lapidate pleasure, obstacles to open the windows of intelligence. Never give up ... Never give up on the people you love. Never give up from being happy because life is an incredible show. And you are a special human being!

27. Suggested rubric for grading the activity. Category/ Score 10 8 5 Craftmanship The slogan is exceptionally well constructed. The slogan is better constructed. The slogan is acceptably constructed. Creativity A lot of thoughts and efforts were used to make the banner/ material. Slogan is creative and a good amount of thought was put into. Slogan is creative and only few thoughts were put into. Originality Exceptional use of new ideas and originality to create slogan. Good use of new ideas and originality to create slogan. Average use of new ideas and originality to create slogan. Score 30 24 15

28. ASSESSMENT Write C if the statement is correct and INC if the statement is incorrect . Write your answers in your journal notebook. Feeling sad or angry is not normal for teenagers. Engaging in sports may contribute to your stressors. When you accept your feelings, you acknowledge what you feel. In helping others, you allow yourself to appreciate what you have. Asking help from others is a measure in preventing things from being complicated.

29. II. Read each statement below and write the letter of the correct answer in your journal notebook. 6. Who said that biological, psychological, and social factors interplay and contribute to create problems that teenagers need to overcome during adolescence? Casey b. Connolly c. Havighurst d. Santrock 7. What group of individuals are most infected of HIV based on DOH data? adults b. females c. males d. teenagers 8. Rejection during adolescents is inevitable. What is likely the result of this rejection if not handled well? Low self-esteem c. depression negative attitude towards self d. all of the above

30. 9. Common causes of suicide include ___________________. hopelessness c. low self-esteem self-blame d. all of the above 10.Which is a characteristic symptom of a marked diminished in interest or pleasure in all, or almost all activities of the day? anxiety c. social disorder drug abuse d. depression 11.The following are the social factors that contribute to the emergence of an adolescent except __________. family c. peers school d. barangay hall

31. 12.Teenagers who drop out from school are more prone to except________ drug addiction c. being successful in life drinking alcoholic beverages d. computer addiction 13.Which is considered as one of the most difficult challenges during adolescents? Finding a sense of identity Becoming academically successful Proving yourself to your parents that you are independent Finding friends who can positively influence your behaviors

32. 14.The following are the strategies that a teenager may do to cope with the challenges they encountered according to Sevilla except_________. identifies your vulnerabilities learns to accept what you feel develops your talents and interests no need to ask for help to avoid disclosure 15.What happens when adolescents fail to master self-control? They can negatively influence others They may not be able to pursue a career They are likely to engage in risky behaviors They may not able to express their ideas well

33. Additional Activities Activity 5: REFLECTION… Excellent Senior High Students you are almost done with module 4. Using your journal, reflect and answer the following questions: 1. What do you think is the role of the family in the development of risky behaviors? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. In your own opinion, what are the possible ways to avoid being trapped in risky behaviors? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________