LESSON-4-TENETS-AND-MODELS-oF-COmmunicationx

The different models of communication with the different proponents. Know their similarities and differences

1. PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

2. LESSON 4: TENETS, FACTORS, AND MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

3. TENETS OF COMMUNICATION

4. TENETS OF COMMUNICATION A. COMMUNICATION IS EVERYWHERE B. COMMUNICATION IS CONTINUOUS C. COMMUNICATION IS COMPLEX D . COMMUNICATION IS PREDICTABLE

5. E. Communication is a multi level activity F. Communication is a level of means G. Communication is a process H. You cannot say “no” into communication E. Message not meaning is communicated

6. FACTORS IN COMMUNICATION (SENDER)

7. 1. COMPETENCE -the audience evaluates the speaker as to their knowledge of the subject matter talked about as well as experience in the topic

8. 2. TRUSTWORTHINESS This covers the reliability of the speaker

9. 3. DYNAMISM It is an electricity of life. It is similar to aggressiveness, force, energy; loud or soft voice

10. 4. POWER The physical figure standing before and audience is power. His appearance, social status, or the title adds factor in communication

11. 5. GOODWILL Does he/she speak with sincerity? Coming from the heart? Is it the truth?

12. 6. IDEALISM The speaker is emulated as having values worthy of evaluation

13. 7. EMPATHY Can his audience put themselves in his shoes? Does he have emotional intelligence? Can I relate myself in the same situation?

14. MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

15. ARISTOTLE’S MODEL The first and earliest model of communication. Mainly focused on speaker and speech. The Aristotle’s communication model is a speaker centered model as the speaker has the most important role in it and is the only one active.

16. ARISTOTLE’S MODEL It is the speaker’s role to deliver a speech to the audience. The role of the audience is passive, influenced by the speech. This makes the communication process one way, from speaker to receiver.

17. ARISTOTLE’S MODEL SPEAKER SPEECH AUDIENCE EFFECT OCCASSION

18. LASWELL’S MODEL Laswell’s Model culminates with the outcome or effect of communication Communication is a one-way process in which only the communicator is the active participant

19. LASWELL’S MODEL The recipient processes the information but does not reciprocate the message . In this model, the sender communicates to the receiver through a one-way channel .

20. LASWELL’S MODEL Best examples are radio and television broadcasting where the listeners receive the information but there is no means for immediate feedback Other examples: magazines, newspapers, books

21. LASWELL’S MODEL COMMUNICATOR MESSAGE MEDIUM RECEIVER EFFECT WHO SAYS WHAT WHICH CHANNEL TO WHOM WITH WHAT EFFECT

22. SHANNON AND WEAVER’S MODEL The model resembles Laswell’s framework Both employees of the Bell Telephone Laboratory came up with a model that resembled the transmission of a telephone message

23. SHANNON AND WEAVER’S MODEL Also known as the Information Theory/ Telephone Model Primarily concerned with the transmission of electronic information

24. SHANNON AND WEAVER’S MODEL THE PARTS OF THE MODEL: 1. Information source – produces a message or a sequence of messages to be communicated to the receiving terminal 2. T ransmitter – operates on the message in some way to produce a signal suitable for transmission over the channel 3. Channel – is merely the medium used to transmit the signal from transmitter to receiver (during transmission, or at one of the terminals, the signal may be perturbed by noise) 4. Receiver – performs the inverse operation of that done by the transmitter, reconstructing the message from the signal 5. Destination – is the person (or thing) for whom the message is intended

25. SHANNON & WEAVER’S MODEL INFORMATION SOURCE TRANSMITTER RECEIVER DESTINATION NOISE SOURCE message message signal Received signal

26. SHANNON AND WEAVER’S MODEL While the “ information source ” and “ destination ” represent humans, the “ Transmitter ” and “ Receiver ” stand for instruments, with the “ Signals ” ranging from electronic signals to radio waves to gestures The model also introduces the idea of noise Factors that hinders the understanding of message: noise, heat, sound system malfunctions

27. JAKOBSON’S MODEL Roman Jakobson Six components: Addresser – the sender of the message Addressee – the receiver of the message Context – the situation in which the message was given Message – the idea to be expressed Contact – the channel through which the message passes Code – the form of the message

28. JAKOBSON’S MODEL Six functions of language: Cognitive – to inform Emotive – to express feelings and/or reactions Conative – to address Phatic – to interact Metalingual – the language over language Poetic – to express thoughts in figurative language

29. JAKOBSON’S MODEL CONTEXT (Referential) MESSAGE (Poetic) CONTACT (Phatic) CODE ( Metalingual ) ADDRESSER (Emotive) ADDRESSEE (Conative) 1 2 3 4 5 6

30. SAUSSURE’S MODEL Ferdinand de Saussure (the Father of Modern Synchronic Linguistics) A concept in the brain triggers a sound pattern in the brain, then triggers an actual pronunciation of a sound which goes out of the mouth of a person and into the ear of the listener where the process occurs in opposite order

31. SAUSSURE’S MODEL The sound produces a sound pattern in the brain, and the sound pattern in the brain produces a concept. The sound pattern is different from the actual sound produced by the mouth or heard by the ear It has been called as the speech circuit model

32. SAUSSURE’S MODEL

33. BERLO’S MODEL The sender sends a message based on his knowledge of the subject, ability to communicate, attitudes particularly toward the sender and everything else, social system and culture. The message is composed of elements that are arranged in a particular structure in a particular form (musical, poetic, prose). The content (entirety) of the message is conveyed in a particular way (treatment).

34. BERLO’S MODEL The channel is the sense used to observe the message. The receiver decodes the message based on similar personality components as the sender. Berlo’s model includes verbal and nonverbal aspects of communication. It is a linear type of model.

35. BERLO’S MODEL

36. THE LINEAR, CONDUIT MODEL it focuses on the conduit or channel no feedback of the receiver “input – process – output” E xamples : printed materials (newspaper, magazines, books) broadcast media (TV and Radio broadcast)

37. THE LINEAR, CONDUIT MODEL SENDER RECEIVER CHANNEL

38. SCHRAMM’S INTERACTIVE MODEL The interactive model explains communication as a dynamics exchange The communicator and the recipient takes turns to speak and to listen to each other Key element in interactive model is the feedback : the reaction to the message

39. SCHRAMM’S INTERACTIVE MODEL The message is sent to the receiver who, in turn, gives a feedback to the sender. The process is repeated, making the sender a receiver and the receiver a sender. (this is called the interactive process)

40. SCHRAMM’S INTERACTIVE MODEL

41. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL The model presents an even more realistic view of communicative process: a spontaneous rapid flow of ideas. The model takes also into account the personal and professional background of the participants.

42. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL THREE IMPLICATIONS: Implies the communication is on-going, and it involves also continuing changing process Each element of the transactional process exists in relation to the other elements. Individual background experiences, attitudes, cultural beliefs, self-esteem play important role in the communication process

43. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

44. THE GATEKEEPER MODEL This model can represent mass communication The key players of mass media (newspapers, TV, radio, internet) have access to information have control over what is disseminated to the public. Media takes the role of the gatekeeper The MTRCB takes the function of a gatekeeper reviewing and classifying movie films and television programs

45. THE GATEKEEPER MODEL

46. END  Thank you for reading! -Sir Jiff