LESSON 5-parallelism in academic writing.pptx

a source to deal with problems in writing sentences

1. LESSON 5 PARALLELISM AND SENTENCE PROBLEMS NGUYEN THI TINH , M.A.

2. PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES Definition - Parallelism, also known as  parallel structure or  parallel construction, is a balance within one or more sentences of similar phrases or clauses  that have the same grammatical structure. - The application of parallelism improves writing style and readability, and is thought to make sentences easier to process.

3. PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES Examples - Nancy likes  playing the piano ,  the trumpet  and  play the guitar .  NO - Nancy likes  the piano ,  the trumpet  and  the guitar . YES - Nancy likes  playing the piano ,  the trumpet  and  the guitar . YES - She   played basketball ,  had a shower  and  gone to school . NO - She   played basketball ,  had a shower  and  went to school .  YES - You   can apply to the job by filling this form  or  apply by telephone . NO - You   can apply to the job by filling this form  or  you can apply by telephone . YES

4. PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES Rules of parallelism 1. With coordinators: and, or, but Words, phrases, and clauses that are joined by and , but and or are written in parallel form. My mother likes  cooking  and   to read . no My mother likes  cooking  and   reading.   yes 2. With correlative conjunctions (paired conj ) b oth……and, either….or, neither…nor, not only…but also Paired conjunctions are placed directly before the elements they join in the sentence. The teacher  not only  wants his students  to keep quiet   but also   to do the task  .  no The teacher wants his students  not only   to keep quiet   but also   to do the task  . yes

5. PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES Other rules 1. Parallelism is used to balance nouns with nouns, prepositional phrases with prepositional phrases, participles with participles, infinitives with infinitives, clauses with clauses . 2. Parallelism is used with elements in lists or in a series. - This task can be done  individually ,  in pairs , or  can be done in groups of four .  no - This task can be done  individually ,  in pairs , or  in groups of four . Yes 3. Parallelism is used with elements being  compared .  - She is mad about  watching TV  more than  to read a book   . no - She is mad about  watching TV  more than  reading a book .  Yes 4. Parallelism is used with elements joined by a linking verb or a form of be - To learn  is  understanding the world .  no - To learn  is  to understand the world .  Yes Watch the video Practice

6. SENTENCE PROBLEMS SENTENCE FRAGMENTS ( P.194 ) CHOPPY SENTENCES ( P.196 ) RUN-ON SENTENCES AND COMMA SPLICES ( P.199 ) STRINGY SENTENCES ( P.201 ) Watch the video

7. PRACTICE AND HOMEWORK CORRECTION FOR PRACTICE HOMEWORK Topic: How to improve your writing? Requirements: A paragraph 10-12 sentences 150-170 words