Lesson 8 &9_Vertebrates and Invertebrates.ppt

Vertebrates and Invertebrates

3. Classification of Animals
Vertebrates Invertebrates
Animals

4. Vertebrates
•Animals that are vertebrates
are simply animals with a
backbone.
•All vertebrates are
 
bilaterally
symmetrical—that is, the left and right
sides of the body are mirror images of
each other.
•Vertebrates have an
endoskeleton
–It offers support and protects
the soft parts of the animal.

5. Vertebrates
Vertebrates can either be ectotherms or endotherms.
Ectotherms (cold-blooded)
•Body temperature changes to match their
surroundings.

6. Vertebrates
Vertebrates can either be ectotherms or endotherms.
•Endotherms (warm-blooded)
•Regulate their body temperature so that it
remains constant

7. Vertebrates
•Vertebrate animals fall into the
chordate phylum.
•The chordate phylum is divided into
classes.
–fish
–amphibians
–reptiles
–birds
–mammals

8. Vertebrates
This chart shows the vertebrates organized into classes.
Vertebrates
Fish
MammalsBirds
Amphibians Reptiles

9. •Fish are cold-blooded animals.
•All fish have gills. These gills absorb
oxygen from the water and pass it along
to the bloodstream.
•A fishes scales are called armor because
they protect it. A slimy substance
moistens the scales. This protects the
fish from infection and helps the fish slip
through the water faster.
Fish

10. •These animals have
smooth skin
•Most spend at least part
of their life in water.
•Amphibians are cold-
blooded (hibernate in
winter).
•They usually have three
life stages: egg, larva,
adult (metamorphosis).
•Includes: Frogs, Toads,
Salamanders, and Newts.
Amphibians
Salamander
newts
toad

11. •These animals have dry, scaly
skin.
•They are cold-blooded
(hibernate in winter).
•Some live in the water, but most
are adapted to life on land.
•Most reptiles lay soft-shelled
eggs, but some bear live young.
•Includes: Lizards, Snakes,
Turtles, and Crocodiles.
Fast Fact!
Did you know that snakes smell with their tongue!
Reptiles
Iguana
Turtle
Crocodile

12. •Birds are warm-
blooded.
•They have hollow
bones and feathers.
•Most can fly at least
short distances.
•Birds are born from
hard-shelled eggs.
•Includes: Raptors,
Gulls, Songbirds, and
Fowl.
Birds
Raptor
Gull
Fowl

13. Mammals
•These animals usually have
hair/fur.
•They give birth to live young
and feed their young with
milk.
•Have the most complex brains
and nervous systems of any
animal on earth.
•Mammals are warm-blooded.
•Includes: Rodents, Hoofed
animals, Marsupials, Bats,
Rabbits, Weasels, Raccoons,
Bears, Dogs, and Cats.
Rodent
Bat
Dog

14. Ways of Caring and
Protecting Vertebrates
•Care and protection of domestic
and pet animals.
•Care and protection of wild
animals.

35. •Invertebrates are animals without a
vertebral column (backbone).
•About 95% of all animals are invertebrates!
•They are divided into different groups or
phyla (plural of phylums).
•Scientists look at something called
symmetry to help classify invertebrates.
Invertebrates

37. Invertebrates
Radial symmetry: body parts are arranged around
in a circle around a central point (starfish).
Bilateral symmetry: have two sides that will
match if you draw a line down the center of their
body (lobster).
Asymetric: these animals have no definite shape
at all (sponges).

38. Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Cnidarian Sponges Arthropods Mollusks
Echinoderms Annelids Flatworms

39. Cnidarians
•Have radial symmetry
•Sometimes they have stinging
tentacles around their mouths that
they use to catch food.
Polyp
Jellyfish

40. Sponges
•Belongs to Phylum Porifera.
•Asymmetric bodies
•They filter food out of the water
as it passes through them.

41. Roundworms
•These outnumber every other
animal on earth.
•They can be predators, parasites,
or decomposers.

42. Arthropods
•Invertebrates with tough
exoskeletons, or outer skeletons, that
protect their internal organs.
•They also have jointed legs that help
them move and segmented bodies
with specialized sections.
•The three largest groups of arthropods
are crustaceans, insects, and
arachnids.

43. Arthropods
•Have jointed body parts
•Bilateral symmetry
•Segmented bodies
•Lobster, house fly,
beetle, butterflies,
spiders
Butterfly
Beetle
Tarantula
House Fly
Lobster

44. Arthropods
Crustaceans
•Crustaceans live mostly in the ocean or other
waters.
•Most commonly known crustaceans are the crab
and lobster.
•Crustaceans have a hard, external shell which
protects their body.
•Crustaceans have a head and abdomen. The head
has antennae which are part of their sensory
system. The abdomen includes the heart,
digestive system and reproductive system.

46. •Insects are the largest group of
arthropods. There are over 800,000
different types of insects.
•The insect's head has a pair of
antennae, and a pair of compound
eyes.
•Compound eyes are different from
human eyes which have a single lens
for each eye. Compound eyes have
many lenses for each eye. For
example, the fly has about 4,000
lenses in a single eye. This provides
them with very good eyesight.
Arthropods
Insects

47. The word arachnid comes from a Greek
myth about a weaver. In this story, a girl named
Arachne boasts that she can weave better than
Athena, the goddess of arts and crafts. Arachne
even challenges Athena to a contest! When Athena
sees how well Arachne weaves, she becomes
angry. She turns Arachne into a Spider to spin and
weave through all the time. Spiders are the only
Arachnids that can spin silk. But all arachnids are
closely related.
Arthropods
Arachnids

48. •Arachnids are a type of
arthropod. You know many of them
as spiders.
•Like other arthropods, the
arachnids have a hard exoskeleton
and jointed appendages for
walking.
•Unlike other arthropods,
arachnids do not have antennae.
•Common arachnids are the spider,
scorpions, ticks and mites.
Arthropods
Arachnids

49. Is this a spider?

51. How Are Scorpions Like
Spiders?

52. •Long, flat bodies
•Bilateral symmetry
•Most are parasites that invade
other creatures and live off of
them.
•Planaria, tapeworms, liver flukes
Flatworms
Planaria
Liver FlukesTapeworm

53. Annelids
•Segmented worms
•Ringed segments
•Earthworms, leeches
Earthworm
Leech

54. Mollusks
•Soft bodies
•Protective shell
•Land mollusks include snails and slugs
and have lungs.
•Water mollusks include oysters,
mussels, clams, squids, and octopuses
which use gills to breathe.
Octopus
Snail
Oyster

58. Echinoderms
•Spiny skin
•Radial symmetry
•Thousands of tube-like feet
•Starfish, sea urchin, sand dollar, and
sea cucumber.
Sand Dollar
Sea Urchin
Starfish
Sea Cucumber

59. Echinoderms
•Echinodermata
 
is a group of animals with external
spines, such as starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea
cucumbers, and sea lilies.
•Sea cucumbers are echinoderms—like starfish and
sea urchins. There are some 1,250 known species,
and many of these animals are indeed shaped like
soft-bodied cucumbers. All sea cucumbers are ocean
dwellers, though some inhabit the shallows and
others live in the deep ocean. They live on or near
the ocean floor—sometimes partially buried beneath
it.

61. Let’s Review
What type of symmetry does the
following invertebrate have?
a)Radial
b)Bilateral
c)Asymmetric

62. You chose c. asymmetric.
That is incorrect.
Think about the left and right sides of a
butterfly…

63. You chose a. radial.
That is incorrect.
Are all their body parts arranged around a
circle?

64. Yes. The correct choice is
B. bilateral
Both sides of the butterfly are idential.