Lesson 8-Social History: Women, Chinese, and IPs

Readings in Philippine History Lesson

1. READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

2. SOCIAL HISTORY

3. Key Concepts Minority Group – People singled out for unequal treatment due to social, physical, or cultural traits. Marginalization – The process of pushing a group to a powerless or unimportant position in society.

4. Key Concepts Indigenous – Pertaining to native cultures and communities retaining unique traditions distinct from dominant societies. Ethnography – The study and systematic description of cultures. Social History – The study of everyday life, focusing on ordinary people and marginalized groups rather than political elites.

5. Women’s History During Spanish colonization, women were confined to domestic roles under patriarchal and religious norms. Yet, women like Gabriela Silang, Trinidad Tecson , and Melchora Aquino (Tandang Sora) broke stereotypes by leading and supporting revolutionary movements.

6. Women’s History The Malolos Women petitioned to study Spanish, defying colonial gender restrictions. The Women’s Suffrage Movement (1930s–1970s) culminated in the 1937 plebiscite, granting Filipino women the right to vote.

7. Women’s History By the 1980s, feminist groups like GABRIELA, PILIPINA, and MAKIBAKA emerged, fighting gender discrimination, media sexism, and violence against women.

8. Chinese in the Philippines Chinese settlers arrived as early as the 9th century for trade. During the Spanish era, they became artisans, merchants, and middlemen but were confined to areas like Binondo . The Chinese mestizos (mixed Chinese-Filipino descent) emerged as a powerful economic class.

9. Chinese in the Philippines By the American period, Chinese immigrants faced exclusion laws but continued contributing to the economy. Today’s Tsinoys ( Tsino + Pinoy) blend Chinese industriousness and Filipino civic participation, becoming key players in business and society.

10. IPs are characterized by their distinct languages, traditions, and close relationship with ancestral lands. Colonizers branded them “uncivilized,” pushing them into the mountains. Indigenous People and Ethnic Minorities

11. Indigenous People and Ethnic Minorities Spanish and American authorities marginalized IPs under labels like “non-Christian tribes”, promoting “civilizing missions.” Policies encouraged integration through education, religion, and infrastructure—but often at the cost of their cultural identity.

12. Indigenous People and Ethnic Minorities Despite marginalization, IPs preserved much of their heritage and continue to assert land and cultural rights today.

13. How did women, Chinese Filipinos, and IPs contribute to our nation’s development despite marginalization?

14. THANK YOU