Lesson Planning_Guide in Teaching _By DR. Danival Mushtaq

Lesson Planning

1. Unit -2
Lesson Planning
Presented By:
DR. DANIYAL MUSHTAQ
[email protected]

2. To think in advance for doing
or achieving something.
What is a Plan?

3. What is a Plan?
Itisadetailedproposalfordoingorachieving
something.
Adetailedproposalfordoingorachieving
somethingwhichspecifiesthewhat,when,how
andbywhom.
Therearethreebasicelementsinaplan,viz:it
dealswiththefuture,involvesactionand
identifieswhoistoimplementthefuture
action.

4. It helps in achieving
Objectives.
Why to Plan ??

5. What happened if you
Don’t Plan
Or
Plan Things
Wrong?
Do you know ??

6. Concept of Planning
Ablueprintfortakingactions.
Planningistheprocessofpredeterminingfuture.
Itistheprocessofsettinggoalsandchoosingtheactions
toachievethosegoals.Itislookingahead.
Itistheprocessofbridgingthegapbetweenwhereweare
andwherewewanttobe.
Itattemptstodefinethefutureroadmapoforganization

7. Lesson Plan
Lessonplanisaplanpreparedbyateacherto
teachalessoninanorganizedmanner.Itis
planofactionandshouldhaveunderstanding
ontheteacher'spartaboutthestudents,
knowledgeandexpertiseaboutthetopicbeing
taughtandabilitytouseeffectivemethods.

8. Lesson plan
Anoutlineofatopictobetaughtinagivenperiod
whichcantakeavarietyofformsandbepreparedon
adaily,weeklyormonthlybasis.Itnormally
involvesdefiningspecificlearningobjectivesaligned
withtheexistingcurriculum,selectionofsubject
matter,requiredmaterialsandresources,the
activitiesthatwilltakeplaceaswellastimeand
classmanagementnotes,assessmentmethods,and
thelinksbetweenpreviousandfollowinglessons.

9. Lesson Plan
Alessonplanisateacher’sdetaileddescriptionof
thecourseofinstructionor‘learningtrajectory’
foralesson.

10. Lesson Plan
Alessonplanistheteacher’sguideforrunning
theparticularlesson,anditincludesthegoal
(whatthestudentsaresupposedtolearn),how
thegoalwillbereached(themethod,procedure)
andawayofmeasuringhowwellthegoalwas
reached(test,worksheets,andhomework,etc.).

11. Functions Of Lesson Plan
Ensure a definite objective
Helps for adequate and appropriate use of
resources in an efficient way
Keeps the teacher on track to ensure steady
progress for a definite outcome of teaching
Clarifies what, how, where and when to teach
Directs teaching –learning process and
procedure

12. Functions Of Lesson Plan
Review the subject matter
Helps for delimitations
Well planning increase interest of student
Provides guidelines about classroom
instructions
Sensible framework for teacher
Provides confidence, self reliance, ease and
freedom to teacher

13. Importance Of Lesson Plan
Provides guidelines both teacher and students
Helps to achieve definite objectives
Makes teaching systematic, economical
Provides confidence to face the class
Links new knowledge

14. Importance Of Lesson Plan
Prepares pivotal questions and illustrations
Evaluate lesson proceeds
Use a wider variety of teaching materials
Plan as per the availability and accessibility of
resource materials

15. Pre Requisites Of Lesson Plan
Knowledge and mastery of subject matter
Knowledge of student psychology
Knowledge of methods and techniques
Knowledge of aims
Knowledge about the student’s interests, traits
and abilities

16. Pre Requisites Of Lesson Plan
Teacher’s competence
Selection and organization of subject matter
-Learning activities
-Teaching activities
-Type of illustrative materials
-Assignments
-Evaluation
-References and bibliography

17. Characteristics Of Good Lesson Plan
Clearly written
Definite aim and objectives
Extension of existing knowledge
Simple and comprehensive
Flexible
Ensures active teaching
Division with essence of wholeness

18. Characteristics Of Good Lesson Plan
Individualizedandcustomized
Feasibilityandsignificance
Proceedfromgeneraltospecific
Completeness
Inclusionofsummary,recapitalization,
bibliographyandstudentassignment

19. Need of Lesson Planning
Throughlessonplanningthesubjectisorganized
properly.
Itkeepstheteacherfreefromthefaultsof
thoughtlessteaching.
Itmakestheproperatmosphereforlearning
process.
Theteacheralsogetsaclearideaaboutwhenthey
shouldstartevaluationandwhentheyshould
proceedtothenextlesson.

20. Need of Lesson Planning
Lessonplanshelpsinorganizedteachingand
savestime.
Lessonplansallowtheteachertoapply
appropriatestrategy.
Teacherwillbemorepreparedandconfident
whileteachingthelesson.

21. Characteristics of Good Lesson Planning
•Lessonplanningshouldbeinawrittenform.
•Inlessonplanning,thegeneralandimportant
objectivesshouldbeclearlydefined.
•Thelessonplanshouldrelatetosuitableteaching
methodanditsuse.
•Acontinuitycomponentreviewsandreflectson
contentfromthepreviouslesson.
•Subject,time,class,averageageofthestudents
shouldbementionedinthelessonplan.

22. Characteristics of Good Lesson Planning
•Importantexamplesshouldbeincludedinlesson
planning.
•Inspirationalormotivationalmethodsshouldbe
experimentedinlessonplanning.
•Inlessonplanning,thetimeforeachtopic
shouldappropriatelybepredetermined.
•Inlessonplanning,thetechniquesand
supportivematerialsofeducationlikecharts,
mapsandotheraudio-visualmaterialsandits
utilizationshouldbewritten.

23. Approaches to Lesson Planning
Generallyvariousapproachesareusedto
makealessonplan.Theseapproachesare
Herbartianapproach,Unitapproach,
Evaluationapproach,andProjectapproach.
A brief description is provided:-

24. HerbartianApproach
HerbartianApproachisbasedonapperceptive
masstheoryoflearning.Alltheknowledgeand
informationistobegivenfromoutsidebythe
teacherbecausethestudentisconsideredsimilar
toacleanslate.Forthestudents,ifanold
knowledgemakesabasefornewknowledge(his
previousknowledgeorexperiences),itmaybe
acquiredeasilyandretainedforalongerperiod.

25. Unit Approach of Morrison
UnitApproachofMorrisonisbasedon
unittransactionandplanning.The
Morrison’slessonplanofteachingiscyclic;
Morrisonhasgivenfivestepsforhis‘cycle
phase’ofteaching:-Exploration,
Presentation,Assimilation,Organization,
andRecitation.

26. Evaluation Approach of B.S. Bloom
EvaluationApproachofB.S.Bloominevaluation
approach,educationisobjectivecenterednot
contentcentered.Thefocusinthisapproachison
objectivebasedteachingandtesting.Ittakesinto
considerationthelearningobjectivesandteaching
methodsonthebasisoftheobjectivesandtoassess
learningoutcomes.Then,adecisioncanbetaken
aboutobjectivesoflearningareachievedorneedto
providetherevision.

27. Project approach originated by
Dewey and W. H. Kilpatrick
Project approach originated by Dewey and W. H.
Kilpatrickstresses on group activity, social
activity, self activity, and related to real life
experiences. It is a pre-planned work completed
by a person or group in social condition. Due to
many reasons, it is not necessary that a lesson
plan made by a teacher will be successful at every
place and time. Many factors influence lesson
planning such as:

28. Cont.
Availability of teaching aids,
Strength of students in the Class.
Composition of the Class (Age wise).
School Location (Area wise)
The nature of the topic (Medium wise) etc.
The list is not enough, few other factors from own
experiences can be added.

29. Writing a lesson Plan
Manywrittenlessonplansareusedbypracticing
teachers.Ateacherneedssomeinformationabout
theclass,studentsandtheirbackgroundbeforeto
attemptthelessonplan.Ingeneral,aMacro
Lessonplanisdividedintomanystages/steps.We
hadintroducedtheapproachesoflessonplanning.
Now,onecanwriteamacrolessonplanbasedon
differentapproaches.

30. Preparation of Lesson Planning

31. Herbartian Lesson Plan Model
Date…………………………..
Class…………..………………
Period…………………………
Subject………………..………
Lesson No. …………………...
Topic………….………………

32. Cont.
Objectives of the lesson
a) General Objectives
b) Specific Objectives
Material aids
Previous knowledge
Introduction
Statement of the aim
Presentation
Comprehensive question
Black-board summary
Application or Recapitulation
Home-work
References:

33. 1. General Objectives
These objectives are formulated by the teacher in
his subject keeping in view the entering behaviors
of the learners.
For example:
1.todeveloptheknowledgeofgrammaramong
thestudents.

34. 2. Specific Objective
Theseobjectivesareformulatedonthebasisof
generalobjectivesandconsideringthenatureof
thetopicandlevelofstudents.Theseare
specifiedintermsofknowledge,skillor
appreciation.Theseobjectivesarewrittenin
behavioralterms.
ForExample:
•Studentswillbeabletorecallthedefinitionofnoun.
•Studentswillbeabletoenumeratetheexamplesof
noun.

35. 3. Teaching Aids
Audio-visualaidsareselectedaccordingtothe
proposedtopic.

36. 4. Previous knowledge
Students’previousknowledgeismentioned.
Forexample:Studentsarefamiliarwithfigure
ofspeech.Theyknowthatnounsarenaming
words.

37. 5. Introduction
Here,theteacheremployshisinsightand
experiencesforlikingnewknowledgewiththe
previousknowledgeofthestudents.Thetopic
isnotintroduceddirectlybutitisusually
emittedbythestudents’responsesbyasking
introductoryquestions.

38. 6. Statement of Aim
Theteachergiveshisstatementofteachingtopic
byincorporatingthestudents’responses.
ForExample:“Today,wewillstudyaboutthe
nounanditskinds”.

39. 7. Presentation
Theteacherpreparesthedevelopingquestions
afterintroducingthetopic.Thequestionare
arrangedinlogicalsequence,i.e.,fromsimpleto
complex,consideringthestructureofthetopic.

40. 8. Explanation
Theteacherissupposedtoexplaintheanswersof
thegivendevelopingquestion.Aswholeofthe
content-matterisinthequestion-answerform.

41. 9. Black Board Summary
Theteacherhastopreparetheblack-board
summaryofhisteachingpointandexplanations.

42. 10. Review Questions
Thepurposeofthesequestionsistopracticethe
students’learningandtoevaluatetheir
performancewhethertheyhavecomprehended
theteachingunitornot.Thesereviewquestions
areaskedonlyafterrubbingtheblack-board
summary.
Forexample:
Q.1.WhatisthedefinitionofNoun?
Q.2.GivesomeexamplesofNoun…..

43. 11. Home Assignments
Attheendofthelessonplan,homeassignmentis
giventothestudentsonthesameteachingunit.
Thepurposeofhomeworkistopractice,to
organizeandtostudythetopicforbetter
understandingandretention.

44. Bloom’s or Evaluation Lesson Plan
Format
Subject: Date:
Unit: School:
Lesson: Class:
Duration:

45. Cont.
1.Specific Objectives:
2.Previous Knowledge:
3.Introduction:
4.Statement of the Topic/Aim:
5.Presentation:
6.Evaluation:
7.Home Work:
8.References:

46. Note:
Theobjectivesaretobewritteninbehavioral
terms.
Theteachingactivitiesaretoberelatedtothe
learningstructures.
BlackBoardSummaryshouldbedevelopedasthe
lessonprogresses.

47. RCEM Lesson Plan Format
Date:
Subject: School:
Unit: Class:
Topic/Lesson: Duration:

48. Cont.
1.Concepts :
2.Teaching Aids :
3.Previous Knowledge :
4.Introduction:
5.Statement of the Aim/Topic :
6.Presentation:
7.Black Board Summary:
8.Home Assignment:
9.References:

49. Note:
RCEM is Regional College of Education, Mysore.
Concepts are to be identified through content
analysis.
Black Board Summary to be developed as the
lesson progresses.

50. Characteristics of a Poor Lesson
Apoorlessonisusuallycharacterizedbyat
leastoneofthefollowingfaults:
Lackoflogicalpresentationofmaterial
Theomissionofimportantfactsduetolackof
adequateknowledgeofsubjectcontent.
Inaccuratefactstaughtoracceptedascorrect.
Poortimingofthelesson

51. Cont.
Lackofabilitytomotivatetheclass,resultingin
boredomandrestlessnessintheclass.
Lackofinterestingdetailofillustrativeaids.
Excessive corrections when the assignments or
written work of learners are being marked.