Levels of Prevention (1).pptxxxxxxxxxxxx

Prevention

1. LEVELS OF PREVENTION PROF. DR. SYED SANOWAR ALI HoD : Community Health Sciences Jinnah Medical & Dental College SOHAIL UNIVERSITY

2. Four different scenarios 1. Normal healthy persons 2. Normal healthy persons with risk 3. Sick persons 4. Sick persons with Complications No risk factors, cost effective, No loss Danger, risk factors, cost effective, No loss High cost , may lose e.g. time, job, life etc. Very high cost, may lose e.g. time, job, life etc., permanent damage

3. PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE

4. 2. PRIMARY PREVENTION 3. SECONDARY PREVENTION 4.TERTIARY PREVENTION 1. PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION

5. 1. PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION 1. Normal healthy persons, No risk factors, cost effective, No loss

6. 2. Normal healthy persons but at danger, risk factors, cost effective, No loss 2.PRIMARY PREVENTION

7. 3. Sick persons, high cost , may lose e.g. time, job, life etc. 3. SECONDARY PREVENTION

8. 4. Sick persons, Complications, very high cost, may lose e.g. time, job, life etc., permanent damage 4.TERTIARY PREVENTION

9. A. PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION 1.Prevention of the emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet developed. 2. Many adult health problems (e.g. Obesity, Hypertension etc.) have their origins in childhood because this is the time when lifestyles (e.g. smoking, eating patterns, physical exercise, tolerance) are formed

10. A. PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION 3. Efforts are directed towards discouraging children from adopting harmful life styles 4. The main intervention in primordial prevention is through individual and mass education

11. B. PRIMARY PREVENTION Primary prevention can be defined as the action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that the disease will ever occur

12. B. PRIMARY PREVENTION Two Approaches Population (mass) strategy High – risk strategy The WHO has recommended the following approaches

13. B. PRIMARY PREVENTION Health Promotion 2. Specific Protection

14. Health Promotion It is “ the process of enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health”.

15. 1. Health Promotion I. Health Education II. Good standard of Nutrition III. Attention of Personality development IV. Adequate Housing recreation and agreeable Working condition V. Marriage Counseling VI. Genetics VII. Periodic selective examinations

16. 2. SPECIFIC PROTECTION I. Use of specific Immunization II. Attention to Personal Hygiene III. Use of Environmental Sanitation IV. Protection against Occupational Hazards V. Protection from Accidents VI. Use of specific Nutrients VII. Protection from Carcinogens VIII. Avoidance of Allergens

17. C. SECONDARY PREVENTION 1. Early Diagnosis 2. Prompt Treatment

18. 1. EARLY DIAGNOSIS & 2. PROMPT TREATMENT I. Case finding measures II. Individual & Mass Screening Surveys III. Selective Examination Objectives IV. To Cure & Prevent diseases process V. To Prevent Complications & Sequelae VI. To Shorten period of Disability

19. D. TERTIARY PREVENTION Disability Limitation 2. Rehabilitation

20. 1. DISABILITY LIMITATION I. Adequate Rx to arrest the disease process II.To Prevent further Complications & Sequelae III. Provision of facilities to limit disability IV. To Prevent Death

21. 2. REHABILITATION I. Provision of facilities for retaining and education for maximum use of remaining capacities II. Education of the public and industry to utilize the rehabilitated III. As full employment as possible IV. Selective placement V. Work therapy in hospital VI. Use of sheltered colony

22. Case study

23. Hameed is 45 years old weighing 98 Kg complaining weakness and tiredness for the last two months. He is also complaining of increase thirst and appetite during day and night. He told that he gets up two or three times at night to pass urine. He is married and has three grown up children aged 14, 11 and 6 years respectively. His wife has weight 89 Kg otherwise healthy. His father 75 years old known diabetic, suffering from right sided weakness and slurred speech 1. Hameed needs which type of level of prevention ? 2. His wife needs which type of level of prevention ? 3. His Children needs which type of level of prevention ? 4. His father needs which type of level of prevention ?

24. QUIZ

25. The local hospital offers Yearly cholesterol screenings to the public ? SECONDRY

26. Programs to promote regular physical activity in children PRIMORDIAL

27. A Community Health Worker provides vaccine to clients in an immunization clinic ? PRIMARY

28. Mr. Ali is referred to a cardiac rehabilitation program after Coronary artery bypass surgery? TERTIARY

29. The community mental health nurse provides information on risk factors for suicide to the local parent – teacher association ? PRIMARY

30. Comprehensive policies to discourage smoking PRIMORDIAL

31. A Public health consultant teaches a group of recently diagnosed Diabetic clients how to recognize Hypoglycemic & Hyperglycemic reactions ? TERTIARY

32. A Lady Doctor teaches Breast self examination to participants at a women’s clinic SECONDRY

33. Hameed is 45 years old weighing 98 Kg complaining weakness and tiredness for the last two months. He is also complaining of increase thirst and appetite during day and night. He told that he gets up two or three times at night to pass urine. He is married and has three grown up children aged 14, 11 and 6 years respectively. His wife has weight 85 Kg otherwise healthy. His father 75 years old known diabetic, suffering from right sided weakness and slurred speech 1. Hameed needs which type of level of prevention? 2. His wife needs which type of level of prevention? 3. His Children needs which type of level of prevention? 4. His father needs which type of level of prevention?