LITERARY CRITICISM FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

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7. LITERARY CRITICISM It has two main functions: 1. To analyze, study, and evaluate works of literature. 2. To form general principles for the examination of works of literature.

8. LITERARY CRITICISM

9. FEMINISM MARXISM FORMALIST MORALIST ARCHETYPAL HISTORICAL

10. MARXISM it focuses on power struggles of the characters. class differences economic status capitalist system

11. Aristocracy Bourgeoisie Proletariat come from powerful families, those holding noble titles.  Passed down from generation to generation by inheritance refers to the capitalists who own the means of production and most of the wealth in the society  refers to a class of workers who do not own means of production and must sell their labour to survive

12. What is Marxism ? 1. a criticism that focuses on the good and bad will 2 . an interpretation of the text within itself and its structure 3 . a type of economic system in which social classes are conflicting 4 . a dialectical view on the right of men and women

13. What is Marxism ? a type of economic system in which social classes are conflicting

14. What are the three classes according to Karl Marx ? 1 . Rich, Richer, Poor 2 . The Father, The Mother, The Son 3 . The Aristocracy, The Bourgeoisie, The Proletariat 4 . The Voudrais , The Parler , The Français

15. What are the three classes according to Karl Marx ? The Aristocracy, The Bourgeoisie, The Proletariat

16. According to the Marxist Theory , History is a cycle of struggles between... 1 . Aristocracy and the bourgeoisie 2 . Man and otherworld beings 3 . the beautiful and the ugly 4 . Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat

17. According to the Marxist Theory , History is a cycle of struggles between... Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat

18. A Marxist Critic should... 1. Determine class for major or minor characters 2. Analyze how class affects the character’s Personality, Actions, Beliefs, Hopes, Fears 3. Analyze the good and evil in the world. 4. All the answers are correct.

19. A Marxist Critic should... Analyze how class affects the character’s Personality, Actions, Beliefs, Hopes, Fears

20. Mcdonald's Workers, Teachers, Engineers, Office Workers were categorized into? 1 . The Aristocracy 2 . The Bourgeoisie 3 . The Proletariat 4 . The Gods and Goddesses

21. Mcdonald's Workers, Teachers, Engineers, Office Workers were categorized into? The Proletariat

22. Large Monopoly Owner like Fastfood Chain, Tobacco, Detergent and Big Malls Tycoons could be categorized as? 1 . The Proletariat 2 . The Aristocracy 3 . The Bourgeoisie 4 . The Untouchables

23. Large Monopoly Owner like Fastfood Chain, Tobacco, Detergent and Big Malls Tycoons could be categorized as? The Bourgeoisie

24. Queen of England, The King of Malaysia, and Princess Urduja could be categorized as? 1 . The Aristocracy 2 . The Bourgeoisie 3 . The Proletariat 4. The Superheroes

25. Queen of England, The King of Malaysia, and Princess Urduja could be categorized as? The Aristocracy

26. FEMINISM assumption that culture is fundamentally patriarchal and that there is an imbalance of power that marginalizes women and their work. one examines a literary work for insight into why and how women are subjected to oppression and, sometimes, how they subvert the forces that oppress them.

27. Thoughts to ponder... Assume gender determines everything. How are men and women depicted differently? Power: views of labor and economics, ie who holds the power in the text? What roles do women play?

28. P A T R I A R C H Y A social system in which men hold more power and women are largely excluded from it.

29. O N G E N D E R An identity one can choose at will like masculine, feminine, gay, lesbian.

30. What is a concern/focus of a feminist critic? 1. Removing women in literature 2. Supporting a patriarchy 3. Speaking against the cultural discrimination of women 4. The campaign for pro-mi sogyny

31. What is a concern/focus of a feminist critic? Speaking against cultural discrimination of women

32. The feminist theory would like to ravish patriarchy; what is PATRIARCHY ? 1. A social system in which men hold more power 2. A system where both men and women hold equal power 3. A social system in which women hold more power 4. A social system where gender is not important.

33. The feminist theory would like to ravish patriarchy; what is PATRIARCHY ? A social system in which men hold more power

34. According to most contemporary feminists, what is GENDER ? 1. An identity one can choose at will like masculine, feminine, gay, lesbian 2. One’s biological sex at birth like male or female 3. Something not really important. 4. A feeling towards someone.

35. According to most contemporary feminists, what is GENDER ? An identity one can choose at will like masculine, feminine, gay, lesbian

36. Why is a queer essential to feminist approach to international relations useful? 1. Because not everyone is heterosexual 2. Because homosexuality is illegal in some countries and there is a gender bias 3. To expose the ways of corruptions of minds. 4. To promote inequality among genders.

37. Why is a queer essential to the feminist approach to international relations useful? Because homosexuality is illegal in some countries and there is a gender bias

38. In the song of Tuesday Vargas, what problem of feminism is evident? “Di ako bakla klah klah klah klah klah , Di ako shokla klah klah klah klah klah , Nililinlang ka lang ng yong paningin , Babae po ako ” 1. Gender identity is really hard since people couldn’t be judge by their physical appearances. 2. A woman is the light of a home and needed to be respected. 3. The essence of being a woman is bearing a child. 4. Woman were created equal as man.

39. In the song of Tuesday Vargas, what problem of feminism is evident? “Di ako bakla klah klah klah klah klah , Di ako shokla klah klah klah klah klah , Nililinlang ka lang ng yong paningin , Babae po ako .” Gender identity is really hard since people couldn’t be judge by their physical appearances.

40. Why is the Disney Cartoon Movie “Mulan” is a good piece to use Feminist Criticism? 1. Because she sang the song “Reflection” by Lea Salonga and Christina Aguilera. 2. The movie is so child-friendly and used colorful animation. 3. Since the movie one of the Disney Classics. 4. Mulan broke the stereotype that only men could be a great soldier.

41. Why is the Disney Cartoon Movie “Mulan” is a good piece to use in Feminist Criticism? Mulan broke the stereotype that only men could be a great soldier.

42. Feminist Approach in literature could be generalized as what? 1. wearing pink hats, pink shirt, pink lipstick 2 . compassion and gender equality 3 . prioritizing women above all rights 4 . eradicating men in the society  

43. Feminist Approach in literature could be generalized as what? compassion and gender equality

44. It is an interpretive approach that emphasizes literary form and the study of literary devices “within” the text? FORMALISM

45. Statement 1 : Using the Formalist approach, a poem should be treated as primarily poetry and should be regarded as an independent object. Statement 2: The distinctive procedure of the New Critic is close reading or the detailed and subtle analysis of the complex interrelations and ambiguities of the components within a work

46. Which among the reflective questions on Formalist Criticism is not applicable? How is the work’s structure unified ? How do various elements of the work reinforce its meaning? What recurring patterns (repeated or related words, images, etc.) can you find? What is the social class of the author?

47. Which among the reflective questions on Formalist Criticism is not applicable? What is the social class of the author?

48. Which among the statement used formalist criticism? The poetry depicts a good attitude toward struggles in the life of the main character. The poetry examines the rhymes and word connections to the main idea. The poetry tackles the inequality between the social classes . The poetry elicits ideas on the role of genders in decision making.

49. Which among the statement used formalist criticism? The poetry examines the rhymes and word connections to the main idea.

50. HISTORICAL-BIOGRAPHICAL analyzes literary text by using historical events and evidences, that includeinformation about the author’s life, historical and social circumstances. “seeks to understand a literary work by investigating the social, cultural,—a context that necessarily includes the artist’s biography and milieu.

51. Similarities HISTORICAL-BIOGRAPHICAL When Rizal read  Uncle Tom’s Cabin   Harriet Beecher Stowe ‘s novel on the abuse of black slaves in  America , he thought that a novel should be written about the abuses that Philippine  natives  were suffering at the hands of the  Spanish   friars . He proposed to his Filipino friends in Madrid in 1884 that they collaborate in writing a novel on the  Philippines .

52. Which is a philosophy of historical criticism ? 1. Nothing affects the author's choice of setting. 2 . It aligns with the criticism of the elementary students. 3 . Literature shapes dreams and hopes. 4 . History shapes literature.

53. Which is a philosophy of historical criticism ? History shapes literature .

54. All are important of historical criticism, EXCEPT one. 1. To find the lesson of a story 2. To discover the text's original meaning in its original historical context 3. Turns historical material into a source 4. To find the truth

55. All are important of historical criticism, EXCEPT one. To find the lesson of a story

56. In which historical event did the novel Dekada 70’ of the late Lualhati Bautista based? 1. Battle Cry at Pugad Lawin 2. The Death of Ninoy Aquino 3. 18 th Birthday of Claudine Barreto 4. EDSA People Power

57. In which historical event did the novel Dekada 70’ of the late Lualhati Bautista based? EDSA People Power

58. What meaning could the following line draw with the use of Historical Criticism Approach? “In the midst of the bombs, the native use to cry. In the nights of the war, the people souls use to fly. “ 1 . During a war, many people suffer and die. 2. War is an expression of power. 3. If people sleep, there could be war. 4. War is all in our minds.  

59. What meaning could the following line draw with the use of Historical Criticism Approach? “In the midst of the bombs, the native use to cry. In the nights of the war, the people souls use to fly. “ During a war, many people suffer and die.

60. MORALIST Critics believe that the larger purpose of literature is to teach morality and to probe philosophical issues . Plato insisted literature must exhibit moralism and utilitarianism, and Horace felt literature should be "delightful and instructive."

61. MORALIST • What ideas does the work contain? How strongly does the work bring forth its ideas? • What application do the ideas have to the work’s characters and situations? • How may the ideas be evaluated intellectually? Morally? Thoughts to ponder...

62. What is moralist criticism ? Looking at the piece through the writer’s eyes Examining a work through a political, cultural, and economica lens How the era the work took place shaped the story How the reader defines what is right and wrong through the context of the piece.

63. What is moralist criticism ? How the reader defines what is right and wrong through the context of the piece.

64. What is the meaning of the famous saying "never judge a book by its cover"? A person shouldn't judge someone based only on what you see on the outside. A person cannot judge because he is not a judge. A person can be misjudged according to his friends. A person’s good work is important than his feeling.

65. What is the meaning of the famous saying "never judge a book by its cover"? A person shouldn't judge someone based only on what you see on the outside.

66. What does Sophocles’ means on “How Dreadful is Wisdom When It Brings No Profit to the Wise”? 1.People only understand things for the sake to comply. 2 . Wisdom once attained will definitely profit in the attainment of liberation. 3 . Human’s perception has limitations. 4 . Wisdom must be worked out not gained.

67. What does Sophocles’ means on “How Dreadful is Wisdom When It Brings No Profit to the Wise”? Wisdom once attained will definitely profit in the attainment of liberation.

68. What does Confucius would like to imply in his famous line “Don't do unto others what you don't want done unto you”? 1. Always seek for the lightness and not the darkness. 2. Love can conquer everything. 3. Human nature is crooked with original sin. 4. Don't treat others badly unless you want the same to happen to you.

69. What does Confucius would like to imply in his famous line “Don't do unto others what you don't want done unto you”? Don't treat others badly unless you want the same to happen to you.

70. What does Matthew 23:12 mean in the line “And whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted”? 1. Death will follow those who corrupts. 2. Love is a key for unending happiness. 3. Those lowkey people will soon have their sweet success. 4. Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder.

71. What does Matthew 23:12 mean in the line “And whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted”? Those lowkey people will soon have their sweet success.

72. READER-RESPONSE This literary approach recognizes the reader as an active agent who imparts “ real existence ” to work and completes its meaning through interpretation. Reader-response suggests that the role of the reader is essential to the meaning of a text , for only in the reading experience does the literary work come alive. 

73. Which is NOT true of Reader-Response Theory ? 1 . anything the reader believes about the literary work is correct and absolute 2 . works will always mean more or less the same thing to readers everywhere 3 . the reader's background influences his or her understanding of literary work 4 . the literary work is communicated by the author and the reader has to decipher the message​

74. Which is NOT true of Reader-Response Theory ? anything the reader believes about the literary work is correct and absolute

75. Why did Dr. Jose Rizal said that “The youth is the hope of the fatherland”? 1 . He thinks that a youth’s mind is not corrupted and doesn’t sin. 2 . He thinks that youth have more time to serve the nation and soon start the change. 3. He thinks that the youths are talented. 4. He thinks that youths are the key for multiplication of the population.

76. Why did Dr. Jose Rizal said that “The youth is the hope of the fatherland”? He thinks that youth have more time to serve the nation and soon start the change.

77. Which among the statements is agreeable? 1. The sun has eight rays. 2. The sun came from the heart of Apollo. 3. The sun is a star that is also the center of the solar system. 4. The sun is colorful.

78. Which among the statements is agreeable? The sun is a star that is also the center of the solar system.

79. Reader-response laid the existence of the phenomenological research. What is phenomenology? 1. The examination of structures informing our conscious experience or phenomena.  2.The test of a controlled and uncontrolled variable. 3. The transmission between childhood and adulthood. 4.The scrutiny of the text within itself.

80. Reader-response laid the existence of the phenomenological research. What is phenomenology? The examination of s tructures informs our conscious experience or phenomena. 

81. ARCHETYPAL Focuses on recurrent narrative designs, patterns of action, character types, or images that are said to be identifiable in a wide variety of literary works, myths, dreams, and even ritualized modes of behavior.

82. ARCHETYPAL the Good Mother, the Terrible Mother, and the Soul Mate (such as the Virgin Mary) WOMEN

83. ARCHETYPAL The hero is involved in a quest (in which he overcomes obstacles). He experiences initiation (involving a separation, transformation, and return), and finally he serves as a scapegoat, that is, he dies to atone. HERO

84. paradise (Eden), innocence, fertility ARCHETYPAL GARDEN

85. spiritual emptiness, death, hopelessness ARCHETYPAL DESERT

86. FEMINISM MARXISM FORMALIST MORALIST ARCHETYPAL HISTORICAL