Live-in-field Experience report , Jessore , Bangladesh 2025
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Oct 03, 2025
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About This Presentation
Live-in-Field Experience (LFE) by Group 13 at RRF Jessore
Introduction
The Live-in-Field Experience (LFE) is one of the most significant components of the academic journey at Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB). It is designed not merely as an academic requirement but as an immersive learni...
Slide Content
1 | P a g e
Live- In- Field Experience
Summer, 2025
RRF, Jessore
Live- In- Field Experience
Summer, 2025
RRF, Jessore
2 | P a g e
A glimpse of the architecture and
ambience of Jessore RRF
A glimpse of the architecture and
ambience of Jessore RRF
3 | P a g e
Prepared By: Group 13
Member Name ID
Mohammad Rashidul Abedin 2010085
Ashibul Islam Ashif 2230191
Mustasfi Safwan 2231171
Afra Aziz 2130101
Anika Jahan Ayshi 2222057
Prepared By: Group 13
Member Name ID
Mohammad Rashidul Abedin 2010085
Ashibul Islam Ashif 2230191
Mustasfi Safwan 2231171
Afra Aziz 2130101
Anika Jahan Ayshi 2222057
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Submitted to:
Office of LFE
Head Coordinator
Tanvir Ahmed Haroon
And
Venue
Coordinator
Sumon Prasad Saha
Department of Marketing
Faculty-02 Md Kafiul Islam,
PHD
Department of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering
Faculty-03 Nazia Mahmood,
PHD
Department of Social Sciences and
Humanities
Faculty- 04 Sadia Nazneen
Karobi, PHD
Department of Environmental
Science and Management
Submission Date: 30th September, 2025
Submitted to:
Office of LFE
Head Coordinator
Tanvir Ahmed Haroon
And
Venue
Coordinator
Sumon Prasad Saha
Department of Marketing
Faculty-02 Md Kafiul Islam,
PHD
Department of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering
Faculty-03 Nazia Mahmood,
PHD
Department of Social Sciences and
Humanities
Faculty- 04 Sadia Nazneen
Karobi, PHD
Department of Environmental
Science and Management
Submission Date: 30th September, 2025
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Letter of Transmittal
17th September 2025
To Tanvir Ahmed Haroon
Head Coordinator
Venue Coordinator: Sumon Prasad Saha
Faculty 02: Md Kafiul Islam, PHD
Faculty 03: Nazia Mahmood, PHD
Faculty 04: Sadia Nazneen Karobi, PHD
Independent University, Bangladesh
Subject: Letter of Transmittal to the assigned LFE report, Summer 2025
Dear Sirs and Madams,
We group -13, undersigned to Bhatpara-1 village of Jessore, are submitting the LFE report,
Summer 2025 report for your perusal. This report has been prepared upon surveying the villagers
and community within Jessore with questionnaires and observations. After diligently observing
the culture, lifestyle, living conditions, geography, and environmental factors, we have put together
this report, where we used mapping, Stata-based non-parametric analysis, economic analysis
(Indifference curves), and market analysis (Profit and cost).
If required to do so, we are at your disposal to clarify any concerns and matters
Sincerely,
1. Afra Aziz - ID 2130101
2. Anika Jahan Ayshi- ID 2222057
3. Ashibul Islam Ashif- ID 2230191
4. Mohammad Rashidul Abedin-ID 2010085
5. Mustasfi Safwan – ID 2231171
Letter of Transmittal
17th September 2025
To Tanvir Ahmed Haroon
Head Coordinator
Venue Coordinator: Sumon Prasad Saha
Faculty 02: Md Kafiul Islam, PHD
Faculty 03: Nazia Mahmood, PHD
Faculty 04: Sadia Nazneen Karobi, PHD
Independent University, Bangladesh
Subject: Letter of Transmittal to the assigned LFE report, Summer 2025
Dear Sirs and Madams,
We group -13, undersigned to Bhatpara-1 village of Jessore, are submitting the LFE report,
Summer 2025 report for your perusal. This report has been prepared upon surveying the villagers
and community within Jessore with questionnaires and observations. After diligently observing
the culture, lifestyle, living conditions, geography, and environmental factors, we have put together
this report, where we used mapping, Stata-based non-parametric analysis, economic analysis
(Indifference curves), and market analysis (Profit and cost).
If required to do so, we are at your disposal to clarify any concerns and matters
Sincerely,
1. Afra Aziz - ID 2130101
2. Anika Jahan Ayshi- ID 2222057
3. Ashibul Islam Ashif- ID 2230191
4. Mohammad Rashidul Abedin-ID 2010085
5. Mustasfi Safwan – ID 2231171
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Acknowledgement
We express sincere and hearty gratitude to all our teachers for actively guiding us
through our Live Field sessions, while also correcting our mistakes and helping us
to improve. Again, warm thanks to all our faculties, venue coordinator, and
marketing faculty Suman Prasad Saha, Dr MD Kafiul Islam from core Sciences, Dr
Nazia Mahmood from Humanities, Dr Sadia Nazneen Karobi from Life Sciences.
Also, special thanks to our head coordinator, Tanvir Ahmed Haroon sir, for giving
us this opportunity by splendidly organizing and coordinating all the venues.
Now we would like to extend our gratitude and honor towards the staff of our venue
in Jessore, who guided us through, while providing fantastic facilities.
We would also be delighted to show gratitude towards the people and villagers of
Jessore, as they showed great cooperation towards all the students, surveying and
engaging in talks with them.
Furthermore, we would show compassion and a gesture of goodwill towards our
fellow students and monitors who have worked together to make this experience a
success.
Finally, last but not least, we would like to say a dedicated word of thanks to
Independent University, Bangladesh, and the staff of Independent University,
working in and beyond the LFE office, who tirelessly oversaw the proceedings and
the students.
Acknowledgement
We express sincere and hearty gratitude to all our teachers for actively guiding us
through our Live Field sessions, while also correcting our mistakes and helping us
to improve. Again, warm thanks to all our faculties, venue coordinator, and
marketing faculty Suman Prasad Saha, Dr MD Kafiul Islam from core Sciences, Dr
Nazia Mahmood from Humanities, Dr Sadia Nazneen Karobi from Life Sciences.
Also, special thanks to our head coordinator, Tanvir Ahmed Haroon sir, for giving
us this opportunity by splendidly organizing and coordinating all the venues.
Now we would like to extend our gratitude and honor towards the staff of our venue
in Jessore, who guided us through, while providing fantastic facilities.
We would also be delighted to show gratitude towards the people and villagers of
Jessore, as they showed great cooperation towards all the students, surveying and
engaging in talks with them.
Furthermore, we would show compassion and a gesture of goodwill towards our
fellow students and monitors who have worked together to make this experience a
success.
Finally, last but not least, we would like to say a dedicated word of thanks to
Independent University, Bangladesh, and the staff of Independent University,
working in and beyond the LFE office, who tirelessly oversaw the proceedings and
the students.
7 | P a g e
Abbreviations
RRF- Rural Reconstruction Foundation
FG- Focus Group
TP- Target Population
NGO- Non-Government Organization
ER- Percentage/Rate of the employed population
GJ- GigaJoule
Abbreviations
RRF- Rural Reconstruction Foundation
FG- Focus Group
TP- Target Population
NGO- Non-Government Organization
ER- Percentage/Rate of the employed population
GJ- GigaJoule
8 | P a g e
Abstract
We, group 13, were assigned to one zone of the Bhatpara-1 Village of Jessore,
where, as part of our Live-in-Field Course, we conducted primary research on a
relatively small target population. Upon conducting a reasonable survey, we
completed a sample of 7 families, comprising a total of 25 residents. Our survey was
divided into three sessions, corresponding to the four parts of our questionnaire.
Moreover, after engaging in primary data collection through face-to-face interviews
with a semi-structured interview where we improvised by breaking the question and
answer session into relatable discussions. However, we worked as complete
observers as the participants responded. Furthermore, we have also observed the
geography of the place, and for that the method we used was also a primary research
as to the exact, we had mapped the whole area. While the data we collected was
primary, the pictures are qualitative. In addition, based on our methodology, we had
built specific models for each of our sections: demographic, socioeconomic,
environment, health, and geography. We had used a combination of non-parametric
statistical analysis, which is quantitative, and theoretical, social, and context-based.
analysis. The last part of our research was based on the market, its structure, the
estimated profit/losses, and the products in the market itself. Our findings for the
families suggest that in the rural context, social, economic, health, environmental,
and demographic factors cannot be considered independent of each other, and as for
the market, we identified that most goods have particular suppliers, making it
monopolistic, while the demand for necessities is high, making them demand
inelastic. The geography of Jessore can be combined can show a visual
representation of all the indicators, although they are underlying within the map.
Abstract
We, group 13, were assigned to one zone of the Bhatpara-1 Village of Jessore,
where, as part of our Live-in-Field Course, we conducted primary research on a
relatively small target population. Upon conducting a reasonable survey, we
completed a sample of 7 families, comprising a total of 25 residents. Our survey was
divided into three sessions, corresponding to the four parts of our questionnaire.
Moreover, after engaging in primary data collection through face-to-face interviews
with a semi-structured interview where we improvised by breaking the question and
answer session into relatable discussions. However, we worked as complete
observers as the participants responded. Furthermore, we have also observed the
geography of the place, and for that the method we used was also a primary research
as to the exact, we had mapped the whole area. While the data we collected was
primary, the pictures are qualitative. In addition, based on our methodology, we had
built specific models for each of our sections: demographic, socioeconomic,
environment, health, and geography. We had used a combination of non-parametric
statistical analysis, which is quantitative, and theoretical, social, and context-based.
analysis. The last part of our research was based on the market, its structure, the
estimated profit/losses, and the products in the market itself. Our findings for the
families suggest that in the rural context, social, economic, health, environmental,
and demographic factors cannot be considered independent of each other, and as for
the market, we identified that most goods have particular suppliers, making it
monopolistic, while the demand for necessities is high, making them demand
inelastic. The geography of Jessore can be combined can show a visual
representation of all the indicators, although they are underlying within the map.
9 | P a g e
Table of Contents
Chapter-1- Geography/Village Mapping ............................................... 12
Introduction ............................................................................................ 13
Objective .................................................................................................. 14
Methodology for Mapping: ..................................................................... 14
Para Profile as per data .......................................................................... 16
Findings: .................................................................................................. 17
Conclusion ............................................................................................... 37
Chapter-2: Demographic and Social Status.......................................... 38
Introduction ............................................................................................. 39
Research Objectives ................................................................................ 39
Methodology: ........................................................................................... 39
Visualizations: ......................................................................................... 40
Visualizations (Social Status): ................................................................ 43
Statistical Analysis: ................................................................................. 44
Findings ................................................................................................... 46
Discussion ................................................................................................ 47
Chapter-3 – Economic Status ................................................................ 48
Introduction ............................................................................................. 49
Research Objective .................................................................................. 50
Methodology ............................................................................................ 50
Visualizations: ......................................................................................... 51
Chapter 4- Economic and Social Status Correlation ........................... 56
Statistical Analysis: ................................................................................. 57
Findings ................................................................................................... 58
Table of Contents
Chapter-1- Geography/Village Mapping ............................................... 12
Introduction ............................................................................................ 13
Objective .................................................................................................. 14
Methodology for Mapping: ..................................................................... 14
Para Profile as per data .......................................................................... 16
Findings: .................................................................................................. 17
Conclusion ............................................................................................... 37
Chapter-2: Demographic and Social Status.......................................... 38
Introduction ............................................................................................. 39
Research Objectives ................................................................................ 39
Methodology: ........................................................................................... 39
Visualizations: ......................................................................................... 40
Visualizations (Social Status): ................................................................ 43
Statistical Analysis: ................................................................................. 44
Findings ................................................................................................... 46
Discussion ................................................................................................ 47
Chapter-3 – Economic Status ................................................................ 48
Introduction ............................................................................................. 49
Research Objective .................................................................................. 50
Methodology ............................................................................................ 50
Visualizations: ......................................................................................... 51
Chapter 4- Economic and Social Status Correlation ........................... 56
Statistical Analysis: ................................................................................. 57
Findings ................................................................................................... 58
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Discussion ................................................................................................ 60
Chapter-5 – Environment Analysis ....................................................... 61
Introduction ............................................................................................. 62
Objective .................................................................................................. 62
Methodology ............................................................................................ 62
Visualizations .......................................................................................... 63
Findings ................................................................................................... 66
Discussions .............................................................................................. 67
Chapter-6 – Health Status ...................................................................... 69
Introduction ............................................................................................. 70
Objective .................................................................................................. 70
Methodology ............................................................................................ 70
Visualizations .......................................................................................... 71
Findings ................................................................................................... 73
Discussions .............................................................................................. 73
Chapter-7- Health and Environment Correlation ................................ 75
Objective .................................................................................................. 76
Methodology ............................................................................................ 76
Analysis/Discussions ............................................................................... 77
Chapter-8- Market Analysis of Rupdia Bazar ...................................... 81
Introduction ............................................................................................. 82
Objectives ................................................................................................ 83
Methodology ............................................................................................ 84
Difficulties Faced while doing analysis .................................................. 87
Communication and Transporation ........................................................ 89
Available products and services .............................................................. 90
Discussion ................................................................................................ 60
Chapter-5 – Environment Analysis ....................................................... 61
Introduction ............................................................................................. 62
Objective .................................................................................................. 62
Methodology ............................................................................................ 62
Visualizations .......................................................................................... 63
Findings ................................................................................................... 66
Discussions .............................................................................................. 67
Chapter-6 – Health Status ...................................................................... 69
Introduction ............................................................................................. 70
Objective .................................................................................................. 70
Methodology ............................................................................................ 70
Visualizations .......................................................................................... 71
Findings ................................................................................................... 73
Discussions .............................................................................................. 73
Chapter-7- Health and Environment Correlation ................................ 75
Objective .................................................................................................. 76
Methodology ............................................................................................ 76
Analysis/Discussions ............................................................................... 77
Chapter-8- Market Analysis of Rupdia Bazar ...................................... 81
Introduction ............................................................................................. 82
Objectives ................................................................................................ 83
Methodology ............................................................................................ 84
Difficulties Faced while doing analysis .................................................. 87
Communication and Transporation ........................................................ 89
Available products and services .............................................................. 90
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Supply Chain of Rupdia Bazar ................................................................ 92
Theoretical Analysis .............................................................................. 101
Discussion .............................................................................................. 104
Conclusion (Market Analysis) ............................................................... 108
Conclusion ............................................................................................ 109
Bibliography .......................................................................................... 110
Appendix ............................................................................................... 111
Supply Chain of Rupdia Bazar ................................................................ 92
Theoretical Analysis .............................................................................. 101
Discussion .............................................................................................. 104
Conclusion (Market Analysis) ............................................................... 108
Conclusion ............................................................................................ 109
Bibliography .......................................................................................... 110
Appendix ............................................................................................... 111
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Chapter-1- Geography/Village Mapping
Prepared By: Mustasfi Safwan
Chapter-1- Geography/Village Mapping
Prepared By: Mustasfi Safwan
13 | P a g e
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Introduction
Mapping is a significant part of a research that constitutes the socio-economic and
health status of an area. This allows the understanding of the physical aspect which
can be correlated to the aforementioned socio-economic and health status of the
residents of said area because the area or the condition of that place determines those
variables.
For this particular instance, the mapping of Bhatpara- I allowed us to grasp the broad
nature of the village and the facilities available or the living conditions for the
residents.
Objective
• Understand Environmental Conditions
• Recognize different type of houses
• Differentiate Landmarks
• To better understand the structure of the area the surveys are being conducted
in
Methodology for Mapping:
The map for Bhatpara-1 was made from scratch using a manual method of ‘mapping
as we move’. In order to verify said method, we cross-checked with the residents
and noted down any landmarks that we noticed along the way. To further clarify our
Introduction
Mapping is a significant part of a research that constitutes the socio-economic and
health status of an area. This allows the understanding of the physical aspect which
can be correlated to the aforementioned socio-economic and health status of the
residents of said area because the area or the condition of that place determines those
variables.
For this particular instance, the mapping of Bhatpara- I allowed us to grasp the broad
nature of the village and the facilities available or the living conditions for the
residents.
Objective
• Understand Environmental Conditions
• Recognize different type of houses
• Differentiate Landmarks
• To better understand the structure of the area the surveys are being conducted
in
Methodology for Mapping:
The map for Bhatpara-1 was made from scratch using a manual method of ‘mapping
as we move’. In order to verify said method, we cross-checked with the residents
and noted down any landmarks that we noticed along the way. To further clarify our
15 | P a g e
drawing, we drew the map individually, so we had 5 drafts at the end of it that we
could compile and create an authentic map of the village.
drawing, we drew the map individually, so we had 5 drafts at the end of it that we
could compile and create an authentic map of the village.
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Para Profile as per data
Village – Bhatpara I
Thana – Kotwali
Union- Ramnagar
District – Jessore
Upazila – Jessore
Division – Khulna
Religion – Islam
Number of Shops- 2
Number of Ponds- 2
Network Towers- 1
Para Profile as per data
Village – Bhatpara I
Thana – Kotwali
Union- Ramnagar
District – Jessore
Upazila – Jessore
Division – Khulna
Religion – Islam
Number of Shops- 2
Number of Ponds- 2
Network Towers- 1
17 | P a g e
Findings:
Bhatpara-I was surprisingly well developed. If you compare it to the first thought
that comes from hearing the word “rural”, you would see almost no resemblance
except perhaps a tiny bit. At just the start, we were greeted by a landmark named as
‘Noor Jahan Manzil’. This to the eye is just a concrete building. But upon conversing
with the villagers the surrounding area is known as the ‘Noor Jahan Manzil’ mour
(ম োড়) because of its uniqueness and apparently the owner’s involvement in rural
politics. Moreover, the area constitutes of a green scenery courtesy of various trees
and an overall natural presence. Notably, the palm trees, date trees and banyan trees
catches the attention the most. Residents were cohesive, united and supportive
towards our work there. The roads were not exactly the best for maneuvering but it
is expected for an underdeveloped area.
As we headed North, we found the Noor Jahan Manzil, which was the only storied
house in the North direction. While it was raining, we took shelter at a small tea stall,
and just around, we could see a turmeric garden
After meeting some residents in the household and passersby people of that zone of
the village, we went ahead in the west direction, where we took pictures of the
telecommunication tower and noticed a cemetery nearby.
Though there were households in small private compartments in a line, all around
us, their surroundings were most paddy fields
There was also a lot of livestock that can be seen by the villagers, in their own spaces,
while some that where owned were kept around large cultivation lands.
Findings:
Bhatpara-I was surprisingly well developed. If you compare it to the first thought
that comes from hearing the word “rural”, you would see almost no resemblance
except perhaps a tiny bit. At just the start, we were greeted by a landmark named as
‘Noor Jahan Manzil’. This to the eye is just a concrete building. But upon conversing
with the villagers the surrounding area is known as the ‘Noor Jahan Manzil’ mour
(ম োড়) because of its uniqueness and apparently the owner’s involvement in rural
politics. Moreover, the area constitutes of a green scenery courtesy of various trees
and an overall natural presence. Notably, the palm trees, date trees and banyan trees
catches the attention the most. Residents were cohesive, united and supportive
towards our work there. The roads were not exactly the best for maneuvering but it
is expected for an underdeveloped area.
As we headed North, we found the Noor Jahan Manzil, which was the only storied
house in the North direction. While it was raining, we took shelter at a small tea stall,
and just around, we could see a turmeric garden
After meeting some residents in the household and passersby people of that zone of
the village, we went ahead in the west direction, where we took pictures of the
telecommunication tower and noticed a cemetery nearby.
Though there were households in small private compartments in a line, all around
us, their surroundings were most paddy fields
There was also a lot of livestock that can be seen by the villagers, in their own spaces,
while some that where owned were kept around large cultivation lands.
18 | P a g e
If we were to connect, the socio-economic condition of the zone which does have a
neighborhood living in it with a number of families, schools were missing, any type
of bank such as grameen bank was a bit far way, and the school was far away.
However, the place due to less human activities when it comes to manufacturing and
tertiary service mostly comprised of agricultural fields, and has a natural
environment.
There is however, many plastic-waste generation, here and there across the areas,
with waste in the water creating water and air pollution. Due to less vehicles, air
pollution through Nitrogen Oxide and Carbon Dioxide is reduced. People walk or
use cycles.
There is a network tower, which is a great development, and some convenient
canteens and tea stalls where people might get some amount of miscellaneous
grocery or snacks in cheap price in the context of the zone.
However, there is also a lack of a bazaar-type grocery store and a commodity market
in the area. There is also free space around with poultry and cattle, however if there
is toxic household waste thrown in the fields, it affects the whole ecosystem,
impacting life on land and water.
The place has ditches and ponds so it has availability of fishes reducing the costs of
attaining for the residents, out of all of the residents all families have some source
of earning from the agriculture, which helps them to meet out their monthly
expenses. Only house, at the start (South) was a storied building showing an outlier
in the overall economic structure of the area and its population.
If we were to connect, the socio-economic condition of the zone which does have a
neighborhood living in it with a number of families, schools were missing, any type
of bank such as grameen bank was a bit far way, and the school was far away.
However, the place due to less human activities when it comes to manufacturing and
tertiary service mostly comprised of agricultural fields, and has a natural
environment.
There is however, many plastic-waste generation, here and there across the areas,
with waste in the water creating water and air pollution. Due to less vehicles, air
pollution through Nitrogen Oxide and Carbon Dioxide is reduced. People walk or
use cycles.
There is a network tower, which is a great development, and some convenient
canteens and tea stalls where people might get some amount of miscellaneous
grocery or snacks in cheap price in the context of the zone.
However, there is also a lack of a bazaar-type grocery store and a commodity market
in the area. There is also free space around with poultry and cattle, however if there
is toxic household waste thrown in the fields, it affects the whole ecosystem,
impacting life on land and water.
The place has ditches and ponds so it has availability of fishes reducing the costs of
attaining for the residents, out of all of the residents all families have some source
of earning from the agriculture, which helps them to meet out their monthly
expenses. Only house, at the start (South) was a storied building showing an outlier
in the overall economic structure of the area and its population.
19 | P a g e
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Further down the line, we saw some houses that had tin sheds but were well built.
Whilst surveying we also noticed there were ample amount of furniture and other
miscellaneous items you would expect to be in a home.
Further down the line, we saw some houses that had tin sheds but were well built.
Whilst surveying we also noticed there were ample amount of furniture and other
miscellaneous items you would expect to be in a home.
21 | P a g e
Another factor that had caught our attention was that, the villagers had great
conversation skills, some would even converse with us in a combination of Bangla
and English. They were polite but would hesitate to answer personal questions.
Another factor that had caught our attention was that, the villagers had great
conversation skills, some would even converse with us in a combination of Bangla
and English. They were polite but would hesitate to answer personal questions.
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Moving forward, we observed some natural presence with palm and date trees and a
railway line that cut off 2 separate villages.
Moving forward, we observed some natural presence with palm and date trees and a
railway line that cut off 2 separate villages.
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Turmeric Garden
Turmeric Garden
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A warning sign for the railway line up ahead
A warning sign for the railway line up ahead
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Next, we explored the road that went west wards. Upon walking forward, we saw
electric poles leading to the network tower, graveyards, and huge agricultural fields
where farmers cultivate.
Next, we explored the road that went west wards. Upon walking forward, we saw
electric poles leading to the network tower, graveyards, and huge agricultural fields
where farmers cultivate.
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Conclusion
As we reached the dead end on the west road, surrounded by vast jute fields, we had
concluded our mapping. What we deduced from it is that, there was a cohesive
environment around the area meaning there were a lot of natural presence which the
locals took advantage of like the trees for fruits and shed for animals. All the farmers
lived nearby and managed their livelihood from cultivating on the shown fields.
Some even were retired and were on course to live the rest of their lives in this
beautiful area. The most shocking finding regarding visiting Bhatpara-I is that, the
place is not what someone would define as struggling rural area. People were lively,
happy and well off and arguably in better condition than some of those struggling in
the urban areas.
Conclusion
As we reached the dead end on the west road, surrounded by vast jute fields, we had
concluded our mapping. What we deduced from it is that, there was a cohesive
environment around the area meaning there were a lot of natural presence which the
locals took advantage of like the trees for fruits and shed for animals. All the farmers
lived nearby and managed their livelihood from cultivating on the shown fields.
Some even were retired and were on course to live the rest of their lives in this
beautiful area. The most shocking finding regarding visiting Bhatpara-I is that, the
place is not what someone would define as struggling rural area. People were lively,
happy and well off and arguably in better condition than some of those struggling in
the urban areas.
38 | P a g e
Chapter-2: Demographic and Social Status
Prepared By: Ashibul Islam Ashif
Chapter-2: Demographic and Social Status
Prepared By: Ashibul Islam Ashif
39 | P a g e
Introduction
Socio-demographic status refers to the set of attributes of a population that
influences their behaviors and lifestyles. For the sake of this report, we will be
considering demographic variables and social variables as one category. While
demographic status are mainly fixed and biological, social factors depend on the
outside environment; however, it is a combination of both that influences a person’s
role.
Research Objectives
The objective of this section of the research was to find out the demographic and
social status of the villagers in Jessore.
Methodology:
The method used for this research is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative
analysis, with primary data used. The data collection process comprises
questionnaires with a set of questions, indicating the independent and dependent
variables. Thus, data has been collected through surveys and observations.
Families observed: 7
Sample Size: 25
Introduction
Socio-demographic status refers to the set of attributes of a population that
influences their behaviors and lifestyles. For the sake of this report, we will be
considering demographic variables and social variables as one category. While
demographic status are mainly fixed and biological, social factors depend on the
outside environment; however, it is a combination of both that influences a person’s
role.
Research Objectives
The objective of this section of the research was to find out the demographic and
social status of the villagers in Jessore.
Methodology:
The method used for this research is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative
analysis, with primary data used. The data collection process comprises
questionnaires with a set of questions, indicating the independent and dependent
variables. Thus, data has been collected through surveys and observations.
Families observed: 7
Sample Size: 25
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Visualizations:
Demographic status
Fig- 01 – Gender Pie Chart
Gender Ratio in Bhatpara-1 Zonal Area, Jessore
Fig-1.1 (Age-Frequency Bar Chart)
Age Range Frequency
0-20 13
20-40 5
40-60 6
60-80 1
Age distribution frequency chart in Bhatpara-1 Zonal area, Jessore
Male
44%
Female
56%
GENDER
Visualizations:
Demographic status
Fig- 01 – Gender Pie Chart
Gender Ratio in Bhatpara-1 Zonal Area, Jessore
Fig-1.1 (Age-Frequency Bar Chart)
Age Range Frequency
0-20 13
20-40 5
40-60 6
60-80 1
Age distribution frequency chart in Bhatpara-1 Zonal area, Jessore
Male
44%
Female
56%
GENDER
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Fig-1.2 (Marital Status)
Marital Status of Residents of Bhatpara-1 Zonal Area, Jessore
36%
60%
4%
MARITAL STATUS
MarriedSingleWidowed
Fig-1.2 (Marital Status)
Marital Status of Residents of Bhatpara-1 Zonal Area, Jessore
36%
60%
4%
MARITAL STATUS
MarriedSingleWidowed
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Fig-1.3 (Schooling)
Frequency of people in what schooling level they are in/Completed
Fig-1.4
(Occupation)
Frequency Distribution of the Occupation of Residents of Bhatpara-1 Zonal Area,
Jessore
9
7
5
4
P R I M A R Y S E C O N D A R Y H I G H S C H O O L N O S C H O O L
SCHOOL LEVEL
53%
26%
13%
7%1%
Occupation
Housewife
Farmer
Chef
Carpenter
Electrician
Fig-1.3 (Schooling)
Frequency of people in what schooling level they are in/Completed
Fig-1.4
(Occupation)
Frequency Distribution of the Occupation of Residents of Bhatpara-1 Zonal Area,
Jessore
9
7
5
4
P R I M A R Y S E C O N D A R Y H I G H S C H O O L N O S C H O O L
SCHOOL LEVEL
53%
26%
13%
7%1%
Occupation
Housewife
Farmer
Chef
Carpenter
Electrician
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Visualizations (Social Status):
Fig- 2 - Boys and Girls for the minimum education they should have by family
Y-axis represents the class level.
Fig- 2.1 – Minimum Education and Age to Get Married
Gender Minimum Education Minimum Age
For Boys
6/7 Families- Complete. 1 Family- Up to
High School
7/7 Families- 18
For Girls
7/7 Families- Complete 4/7 Families- 18. 3 Families- Under 18
Fig- 2.2- Frequency and Scale of Female Members' Allowed Activities
Activity Frequency
Casting Vote 1
Shopping 2
Going outside the village 4
Others (watching tv, smartphone etc) 3
1=All 2=Sometimes 3=Rarely 4=Not allowed
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Family 1 Family 2 Family 3 Family 4 Family 5 Family 6 Family 7
BoysGirls
Visualizations (Social Status):
Fig- 2 - Boys and Girls for the minimum education they should have by family
Y-axis represents the class level.
Fig- 2.1 – Minimum Education and Age to Get Married
Gender Minimum Education Minimum Age
For Boys
6/7 Families- Complete. 1 Family- Up to
High School
7/7 Families- 18
For Girls
7/7 Families- Complete 4/7 Families- 18. 3 Families- Under 18
Fig- 2.2- Frequency and Scale of Female Members' Allowed Activities
Activity Frequency
Casting Vote 1
Shopping 2
Going outside the village 4
Others (watching tv, smartphone etc) 3
1=All 2=Sometimes 3=Rarely 4=Not allowed
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Family 1 Family 2 Family 3 Family 4 Family 5 Family 6 Family 7
BoysGirls
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Statistical Analysis:
A cross-demography and social status correlation analysis
Statistical Analysis
As 10 out of the 56 % females are allowed the activities such as shopping, voting,
and others, which is 40 % we will statistically run a non-parametric statistical test to
reject or accept the hypothesis that they are independent of demographic factors such
as schooling and occupation.
Activity %
Primary
school
Secondary
school
No
Education Highschool Housewife
formal
employment
40 36 28 16 20 50 36.7
All values in percentages*
Activity % Category
40 36
40 28
40 16
40 20
40 50
40 36.7
Statistical Analysis:
A cross-demography and social status correlation analysis
Statistical Analysis
As 10 out of the 56 % females are allowed the activities such as shopping, voting,
and others, which is 40 % we will statistically run a non-parametric statistical test to
reject or accept the hypothesis that they are independent of demographic factors such
as schooling and occupation.
Activity %
Primary
school
Secondary
school
No
Education Highschool Housewife
formal
employment
40 36 28 16 20 50 36.7
All values in percentages*
Activity % Category
40 36
40 28
40 16
40 20
40 50
40 36.7
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Y= % percentage of participation in activity = Dependent variable
For running a Non-parametric correlation test, we categorize all independent
variables into one category heading
. spearman activity category
Number of observations = 6
Spearman's rho = 1.0000
Y= % percentage of participation in activity = Dependent variable
For running a Non-parametric correlation test, we categorize all independent
variables into one category heading
. spearman activity category
Number of observations = 6
Spearman's rho = 1.0000
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Findings
Test of H0: activity and category are independent
Prob = 0.0253
Probability lower than 0.05, at 5 % significance, so reject the null hypothesis,
independent variables are ( 1 or more ) is interdependent with the percentage of
females allowed in any form of activity.
Mean estimation Number of obs = 6
--------------------------------------------------------------
| Mean Std. err. [95% conf. interval]
-------------+------------------------------------------------
activity | 40 0 . .
category | 31.11667 5.077428 18.06472 44.16861
This mean estimation also suggest correlation
Findings
Test of H0: activity and category are independent
Prob = 0.0253
Probability lower than 0.05, at 5 % significance, so reject the null hypothesis,
independent variables are ( 1 or more ) is interdependent with the percentage of
females allowed in any form of activity.
Mean estimation Number of obs = 6
--------------------------------------------------------------
| Mean Std. err. [95% conf. interval]
-------------+------------------------------------------------
activity | 40 0 . .
category | 31.11667 5.077428 18.06472 44.16861
This mean estimation also suggest correlation
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Discussion
The median among these values lies within the frequency values of formal
employment % and primary schooling , meaning those females with primary
schooling and agriculture work/chef , might be more likely in being allowed to
participate in any form of activity other than household work.
Discussion
The median among these values lies within the frequency values of formal
employment % and primary schooling , meaning those females with primary
schooling and agriculture work/chef , might be more likely in being allowed to
participate in any form of activity other than household work.
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Chapter-3 – Economic Status
Prepared by: Whole Group
Chapter-3 – Economic Status
Prepared by: Whole Group
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Introduction
Economic status refers to how well of the families are and if they are financially
stable or not. For our research, the Economic status of an individual is determined
by their indifference curve, on how much opportunity cost the person concedes to
choose their desired good within their budget constraint.
X1= TV
X2= Other goods
Budget Constraint = m= p1X1 + p2X2
m = income
p1 price of good 1
p2 price of good 2
If X1 is completely bought, then, quantity of X2 is zero
Opportunity cost = m divided by X1
The price of good 1 is the opportunity cost within this budget, which the person
cannot go beyond.
Introduction
Economic status refers to how well of the families are and if they are financially
stable or not. For our research, the Economic status of an individual is determined
by their indifference curve, on how much opportunity cost the person concedes to
choose their desired good within their budget constraint.
X1= TV
X2= Other goods
Budget Constraint = m= p1X1 + p2X2
m = income
p1 price of good 1
p2 price of good 2
If X1 is completely bought, then, quantity of X2 is zero
Opportunity cost = m divided by X1
The price of good 1 is the opportunity cost within this budget, which the person
cannot go beyond.
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Research Objective
The objective of this section of the research is to relate selected macroeconomic
factors in determining the economic status of the villagers of TP, selected for
sampling in Jessore.
Methodology
The method used for this research is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative
analysis, with primary data used. The data collection process comprises
questionnaires with a set of questions, indicating the independent and dependent
variables. Thus, data has been collected through surveys and observations.
Families observed: 7
Sample Size: 25
Research Objective
The objective of this section of the research is to relate selected macroeconomic
factors in determining the economic status of the villagers of TP, selected for
sampling in Jessore.
Methodology
The method used for this research is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative
analysis, with primary data used. The data collection process comprises
questionnaires with a set of questions, indicating the independent and dependent
variables. Thus, data has been collected through surveys and observations.
Families observed: 7
Sample Size: 25
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Visualizations:
Fig-3- Source of Earning
Highest
Lowest
Visualizations:
Fig-3- Source of Earning
Highest
Lowest
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Fig-3.1- Types of Houses
Tin Sheds – 2
(24%)
Concrete – 5
(76%)
Fig-3.1- Types of Houses
Tin Sheds – 2
(24%)
Concrete – 5
(76%)
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Fig-3.2- Facilities
House Number 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Electricity (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓) (×) (✓) (✓)
Radio (×) (×) (×) (×) (×) (×) (×)
TV (✓) (✓) (✓) (×) (×) (×) (×)
Furnitures (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓)
Tubewell/Handpump (×) (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓)
Others (Boat etc) (✓) (✓) (×) (✓) (✓) (×) (×)
Fig-3.2- Facilities
House Number 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Electricity (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓) (×) (✓) (✓)
Radio (×) (×) (×) (×) (×) (×) (×)
TV (✓) (✓) (✓) (×) (×) (×) (×)
Furnitures (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓)
Tubewell/Handpump (×) (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓) (✓)
Others (Boat etc) (✓) (✓) (×) (✓) (✓) (×) (×)
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Fig – 3.3 – Domestic Animals
Fig – 3.3 – Domestic Animals
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Chapter 4- Economic and Social Status Correlation
Prepared by- Mohammad Rashidul Abedin
Chapter 4- Economic and Social Status Correlation
Prepared by- Mohammad Rashidul Abedin
57 | P a g e
Statistical Analysis:
Luxury farmer electrician chef carpenter No work
28.57% 25% 1.20% 4.50% 6% 63.30%
1. We now relate occupation to a luxury
lifestyle
2. Since only two families out of the 7
afforded a television, we consider that a
measure of luxury
For the sake of conducting a non-parametric test for correlation, we keep our
dependent variable, ownership/affordability of luxury item ( 2 out of 7 families,
28.57 % constant and independent variables, types of work, and no work into one
heading “Occupation”
Statistical Analysis:
Luxury farmer electrician chef carpenter No work
28.57% 25% 1.20% 4.50% 6% 63.30%
1. We now relate occupation to a luxury
lifestyle
2. Since only two families out of the 7
afforded a television, we consider that a
measure of luxury
For the sake of conducting a non-parametric test for correlation, we keep our
dependent variable, ownership/affordability of luxury item ( 2 out of 7 families,
28.57 % constant and independent variables, types of work, and no work into one
heading “Occupation”
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Tv own % Occupation
28.57 25
28.57 1.2
28.57 4.5
28.57 6
28.57 63.3
Spearman's rank correlation test
spearman tvown occupation, stats(rho obs p)
Number of observations = 5
Spearman's rho = 1.0000
Findings
Test of H0: tvown and occupation are independent
Prob = 0.0455
Probability less than 0.05 so reject null hypothesis , there is correlation and
occupation is not independent of owner ship of tv thus there is correlation between
the variables.
Tv own % Occupation
28.57 25
28.57 1.2
28.57 4.5
28.57 6
28.57 63.3
Spearman's rank correlation test
spearman tvown occupation, stats(rho obs p)
Number of observations = 5
Spearman's rho = 1.0000
Findings
Test of H0: tvown and occupation are independent
Prob = 0.0455
Probability less than 0.05 so reject null hypothesis , there is correlation and
occupation is not independent of owner ship of tv thus there is correlation between
the variables.
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Median = 15.5
In between the values of agriculture and carpenter however agriculture work
percentage is high , so it correlates more with ownership of a luxury product such as
tv in the context of the household
. mean occupation
Mean estimation Number of obs = 5
--------------------------------------------------------------
| Mean Std. err. [95% conf. interval]
-------------+------------------------------------------------
occupation | 20 11.59651 -12.19707 52.19707
Mean is 20
Mean > median
Positively skewed
Median = 15.5
In between the values of agriculture and carpenter however agriculture work
percentage is high , so it correlates more with ownership of a luxury product such as
tv in the context of the household
. mean occupation
Mean estimation Number of obs = 5
--------------------------------------------------------------
| Mean Std. err. [95% conf. interval]
-------------+------------------------------------------------
occupation | 20 11.59651 -12.19707 52.19707
Mean is 20
Mean > median
Positively skewed
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Discussion
More family members working will increase living standards , however , even if
less family members work , most income source is coming from agriculture which
is consistent with our test result as 25 % also work in agriculture and poultry birds
are also the highest domestic animal source for income.
Discussion
More family members working will increase living standards , however , even if
less family members work , most income source is coming from agriculture which
is consistent with our test result as 25 % also work in agriculture and poultry birds
are also the highest domestic animal source for income.
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Chapter-5 – Environment Analysis
Prepared By: Afra Aziz
Chapter-5 – Environment Analysis
Prepared By: Afra Aziz
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Introduction
The environmental status of a region stands for the conditions of the ecosystems and
how they are altered by the living beings in the biosphere, especially from human
activities.
Objective
The objective of this section of the research is to look at how the residents' activities
in waste generation and emission creation might impact the environment.
Methodology
The method used for this research is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative
analysis, with primary data used. The data collection process comprises
questionnaires with a set of questions, indicating the independent and dependent
variables. Thus, data has been collected through surveys and observations.
Families observed: 7
Sample Size: 25
Introduction
The environmental status of a region stands for the conditions of the ecosystems and
how they are altered by the living beings in the biosphere, especially from human
activities.
Objective
The objective of this section of the research is to look at how the residents' activities
in waste generation and emission creation might impact the environment.
Methodology
The method used for this research is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative
analysis, with primary data used. The data collection process comprises
questionnaires with a set of questions, indicating the independent and dependent
variables. Thus, data has been collected through surveys and observations.
Families observed: 7
Sample Size: 25
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Visualizations
Fig-4- Source of Water
The Households according to the water source they use.
Fig-4.1- Disposal of Waste
Piped
water
Tube
-well
House
number-
1,2,4,5
House
number- 6,7
House
number
- 3
Visualizations
Fig-4- Source of Water
The Households according to the water source they use.
Fig-4.1- Disposal of Waste
Piped
water
Tube
-well
House
number-
1,2,4,5
House
number- 6,7
House
number
- 3
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Fig-4.2- Toilet Facilities
The Percentage of people using a Septic Tank or others shown by area colored.
Fig-4.3- Cooking Fuel
Specific Place
57%
No Specific Place
29%
Thrown in ditch
14%
DISPOSAL OF WASTE
Septic Tank Others
Fig-4.2- Toilet Facilities
The Percentage of people using a Septic Tank or others shown by area colored.
Fig-4.3- Cooking Fuel
Specific Place
57%
No Specific Place
29%
Thrown in ditch
14%
DISPOSAL OF WASTE
Septic Tank Others
65 | P a g e
Least
Relative Frequency of families using three different types of energy sources
Fire Wood
Gas
Cow Dung
Most
Least
Relative Frequency of families using three different types of energy sources
Fire Wood
Gas
Cow Dung
Most
66 | P a g e
Findings
28.57 % + 14.28 % = 42.85 % rounded to 43 % of the families which is about 3 out
of the 7 is throwing at a non-specified place or the ditch that creates environmental
damage through water population impacting the quality of the water that could be
edible and damaging the bio system and impacting the marine livestock pond/ditch
fishes in that case.
Furthermore, only one family uses cow dung in cooking which is degradable as a
bio mas, however most families burn wood and natural gas. Natural gas is non-
renewable, and in addition also adds to the heat in the atmosphere, changing
convention current cycles and altering the weather. Burning wood causes CO2
emissions and directly adds to the heat, also wood burning might increase cutting of
trees in the area.
Findings
28.57 % + 14.28 % = 42.85 % rounded to 43 % of the families which is about 3 out
of the 7 is throwing at a non-specified place or the ditch that creates environmental
damage through water population impacting the quality of the water that could be
edible and damaging the bio system and impacting the marine livestock pond/ditch
fishes in that case.
Furthermore, only one family uses cow dung in cooking which is degradable as a
bio mas, however most families burn wood and natural gas. Natural gas is non-
renewable, and in addition also adds to the heat in the atmosphere, changing
convention current cycles and altering the weather. Burning wood causes CO2
emissions and directly adds to the heat, also wood burning might increase cutting of
trees in the area.
67 | P a g e
Discussions
Fig-4.4- Two Types of Generation and Recycling Process
Picture link: https://share.google/QDbsCGbKsWDSDLB6H
A developed country model for how developing countries (in our context, both rural
households and urban can recycle their waste so that there is low welfare loss
through matter/energy depletion.
Discussions
Fig-4.4- Two Types of Generation and Recycling Process
Picture link: https://share.google/QDbsCGbKsWDSDLB6H
A developed country model for how developing countries (in our context, both rural
households and urban can recycle their waste so that there is low welfare loss
through matter/energy depletion.
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Fig-4.5- CO emissions made by selected non-renewable energy sources
Picture link - https://share.google/EvETFZpIgtqbbML4i
C02 emissions caused by fuel type:
Natural gas and Kerosene are relatively lower when it comes to C02 emissions;
however, wood burning is done by 4 families out of 7, which is the majority in our
surveyed FG per GJ of energy supplied creates 837 kg of carbon dioxide.
Kilo grams if put into a cluster*
Thus, wood burning and waste generation create environmental damage, which
results in changes in the biosystem affecting humans one way or another.
Fig-4.5- CO emissions made by selected non-renewable energy sources
Picture link - https://share.google/EvETFZpIgtqbbML4i
C02 emissions caused by fuel type:
Natural gas and Kerosene are relatively lower when it comes to C02 emissions;
however, wood burning is done by 4 families out of 7, which is the majority in our
surveyed FG per GJ of energy supplied creates 837 kg of carbon dioxide.
Kilo grams if put into a cluster*
Thus, wood burning and waste generation create environmental damage, which
results in changes in the biosystem affecting humans one way or another.
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Chapter-6 – Health Status
Prepared By: Contributed by whole group
Chapter-6 – Health Status
Prepared By: Contributed by whole group
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Introduction
Health status in this report refers to the physical and mental condition of the
villagers, their ability and affordability to lead a well lifestyle managing health costs
and the availability of health resources, both public and private.
Objective
The objective of this section of research is to check and analyze the overall well-
being status of the villagers based on health parameters.
Methodology
The method used for this research is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative
analysis, with primary data used. The data collection process comprises
questionnaires with a set of questions, indicating the independent and dependent
variables. Thus, data has been collected through surveys and observations.
Families observed: 7
Sample Size: 25
Introduction
Health status in this report refers to the physical and mental condition of the
villagers, their ability and affordability to lead a well lifestyle managing health costs
and the availability of health resources, both public and private.
Objective
The objective of this section of research is to check and analyze the overall well-
being status of the villagers based on health parameters.
Methodology
The method used for this research is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative
analysis, with primary data used. The data collection process comprises
questionnaires with a set of questions, indicating the independent and dependent
variables. Thus, data has been collected through surveys and observations.
Families observed: 7
Sample Size: 25
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Visualizations
Fig-5- Vaccinations
Four types of Vaccines were administered to children within the surveyed families.
Tetanus Measles
Diphtheria Polio
Visualizations
Fig-5- Vaccinations
Four types of Vaccines were administered to children within the surveyed families.
Tetanus Measles
Diphtheria Polio
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Fig-5.1- Treatment Spot
Fig-5.2- Problems surrounding Govt. Health Care Services
Local NGO
health
worker
(16%)
Local Public
Health
Worker
(42%)
Public
Health Care
Facilities
(42%)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
No Privacy
Medicine Unavailable
Unclean
Poor Staff
Not close to home
PROBLEMS MENTIONED
No. of Responses
Fig-5.1- Treatment Spot
Fig-5.2- Problems surrounding Govt. Health Care Services
Local NGO
health
worker
(16%)
Local Public
Health
Worker
(42%)
Public
Health Care
Facilities
(42%)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
No Privacy
Medicine Unavailable
Unclean
Poor Staff
Not close to home
PROBLEMS MENTIONED
No. of Responses
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Findings
Only 15% of residents are visiting the NGO, and 75 % are visiting the public health
care service or workers, despite complaints on poor staff and hygiene in public health
care, suggesting either a lack of availability of NGO’s in Jessore or a lack of
efficiency and convenience on the NGO’s end.
Discussions
There could have been asymmetric information, but respondents are well aware of
the drawbacks of the public hospitals and healthcare services; the majority visit a
public healthcare provider, all 100 % of 7 families complain about poor staff, and 1
family visits the NGO service provider.
Free rider problem - Since government healthcare is free, people may want to avail
themselves without any money from their pocket, which means everyone wants to
have a share, as there is no defined boundary, and this also creates a moral hazard;
they might take risks regarding their health, as costs will not be incurred financially
to have the healthcare.
Excessive production cost – Much like other public goods, healthcare provided by
the government has a cost of production, and when there is a free rider problem,
there will be external costs to society, which adds to economic costs.
Taken for granted - There is a presence of asymmetric information between the
suppliers and the consumers, as the consumers do not know the cost of the producers.
Findings
Only 15% of residents are visiting the NGO, and 75 % are visiting the public health
care service or workers, despite complaints on poor staff and hygiene in public health
care, suggesting either a lack of availability of NGO’s in Jessore or a lack of
efficiency and convenience on the NGO’s end.
Discussions
There could have been asymmetric information, but respondents are well aware of
the drawbacks of the public hospitals and healthcare services; the majority visit a
public healthcare provider, all 100 % of 7 families complain about poor staff, and 1
family visits the NGO service provider.
Free rider problem - Since government healthcare is free, people may want to avail
themselves without any money from their pocket, which means everyone wants to
have a share, as there is no defined boundary, and this also creates a moral hazard;
they might take risks regarding their health, as costs will not be incurred financially
to have the healthcare.
Excessive production cost – Much like other public goods, healthcare provided by
the government has a cost of production, and when there is a free rider problem,
there will be external costs to society, which adds to economic costs.
Taken for granted - There is a presence of asymmetric information between the
suppliers and the consumers, as the consumers do not know the cost of the producers.
74 | P a g e
Market Failure – Hence, there are high external costs not incurred by the consumers
or producers directly, and the free rider problem leads to inefficiency. There will be
market failure as the market will collapse unless the external costs are distributed
through taxes, privatization, product differentiation, etc.
Market Failure – Hence, there are high external costs not incurred by the consumers
or producers directly, and the free rider problem leads to inefficiency. There will be
market failure as the market will collapse unless the external costs are distributed
through taxes, privatization, product differentiation, etc.
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Chapter-7- Health and Environment Correlation
Prepared By- Mohammad Rashidul Abedin
Chapter-7- Health and Environment Correlation
Prepared By- Mohammad Rashidul Abedin
76 | P a g e
Objective
The objective of this section of research is to relate environmental degradation with
health costs and vice versa.
Methodology
The method used for this research is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative
analysis, with primary data used. The data collection process comprises
questionnaires with a set of questions, indicating the independent and dependent
variables. Thus, data has been collected through surveys and observations.
Families observed: 7
Sample Size: 25
Objective
The objective of this section of research is to relate environmental degradation with
health costs and vice versa.
Methodology
The method used for this research is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative
analysis, with primary data used. The data collection process comprises
questionnaires with a set of questions, indicating the independent and dependent
variables. Thus, data has been collected through surveys and observations.
Families observed: 7
Sample Size: 25
77 | P a g e
Analysis/Discussions
Fig-6- Venn Diagram
The relation in the bio system depicting humans, animals, and natural health
(plants/nature).
This Venn diagram shows how animals, plants, and humans are interdependent, as
plants use our carbon dioxide to produce oxygen while we exhale carbon dioxide.
This is why excessive carbon dioxide could be damaging for the overall balance of
the ecosystem.
Analysis/Discussions
Fig-6- Venn Diagram
The relation in the bio system depicting humans, animals, and natural health
(plants/nature).
This Venn diagram shows how animals, plants, and humans are interdependent, as
plants use our carbon dioxide to produce oxygen while we exhale carbon dioxide.
This is why excessive carbon dioxide could be damaging for the overall balance of
the ecosystem.
78 | P a g e
Fig-6.1- The carbon cycle diagram
The stages of carbon movements throughout the convection current cycle
(evaporation-condensation).
Fig-6.1- The carbon cycle diagram
The stages of carbon movements throughout the convection current cycle
(evaporation-condensation).
79 | P a g e
Fig-6.2- Externalities Graph
External Costs created by pollution, as a result, there is an increase in social costs.
At P1
Where Supply = Demand
Private Marginal Benefit = Social Marginal Benefit = Private Marginal Cost
Fig-6.2- Externalities Graph
External Costs created by pollution, as a result, there is an increase in social costs.
At P1
Where Supply = Demand
Private Marginal Benefit = Social Marginal Benefit = Private Marginal Cost
80 | P a g e
That means the private cost is incurred and within the demand-supply calculation;
however market fails because social cost is not accounted for in the market, and that,
in this case, is the cost from environmental damage so the more the wastage and
mismanagement and use of non- renewable environment energy degrading the
environment, the more will the health cost in reality increase.
At p2
The market equilibrium shifts to incur the external cost as the price in the market
increases.
This can only increase until the market collapses. The area bounded as shown in the
diagram is the deadweight loss, which cannot be recovered unless it is incorporated
accurately through taxation, where suppliers and consumers pay their shares of
surplus. Again, this also has a limit, after which deadweight loss will start arising
again.
Thus, there should be an organized system in the zonal areas with enough health care
providers, not only public and waste recycling programs done by both the
government and NGOs.
That means the private cost is incurred and within the demand-supply calculation;
however market fails because social cost is not accounted for in the market, and that,
in this case, is the cost from environmental damage so the more the wastage and
mismanagement and use of non- renewable environment energy degrading the
environment, the more will the health cost in reality increase.
At p2
The market equilibrium shifts to incur the external cost as the price in the market
increases.
This can only increase until the market collapses. The area bounded as shown in the
diagram is the deadweight loss, which cannot be recovered unless it is incorporated
accurately through taxation, where suppliers and consumers pay their shares of
surplus. Again, this also has a limit, after which deadweight loss will start arising
again.
Thus, there should be an organized system in the zonal areas with enough health care
providers, not only public and waste recycling programs done by both the
government and NGOs.
81 | P a g e
Chapter-8- Market Analysis of Rupdia Bazar
Prepared By: Anika Jahan Ayshi
Chapter-8- Market Analysis of Rupdia Bazar
Prepared By: Anika Jahan Ayshi
82 | P a g e
Introduction
A market is a place where people come to purchase necessary goods and services,
and sellers provide their products to meet those needs. Bangladesh is a developing
country with a modest amount of population living in the rural areas. Village markets
are one of the important parts of our national economy. These markets play a
significant role as they provide the rural communities with essential goods and also
make a place to sell their products. Rural market places in Bangladesh are various
and intricate. Among them, daily and small weekly markets are more popular. There
are also some markets which sit on special occasions or days according to the village
tradition and customs. Some markets are based on selling certain products such as
animals, agricultural products and spices etc. Markets also play the role of cultural
practice and social engagement. Small tea stalls and shops engage the people in
various conversations. But, the most discussed topic in these shops are politics. Rural
markets are changing over time, creating many opportunities for development. These
markets have their own opportunities and challenges that require careful study to
fully understand how they work and make better decisions. Rural market analysis
refers to the study of the structure, behaviors and performances of these markets.
Since rural markets are often informal and unregistered, the process of analyzing can
be complex. However, analyzing them is essential for understanding the rural
economy and creating effective developing strategies.
Introduction
A market is a place where people come to purchase necessary goods and services,
and sellers provide their products to meet those needs. Bangladesh is a developing
country with a modest amount of population living in the rural areas. Village markets
are one of the important parts of our national economy. These markets play a
significant role as they provide the rural communities with essential goods and also
make a place to sell their products. Rural market places in Bangladesh are various
and intricate. Among them, daily and small weekly markets are more popular. There
are also some markets which sit on special occasions or days according to the village
tradition and customs. Some markets are based on selling certain products such as
animals, agricultural products and spices etc. Markets also play the role of cultural
practice and social engagement. Small tea stalls and shops engage the people in
various conversations. But, the most discussed topic in these shops are politics. Rural
markets are changing over time, creating many opportunities for development. These
markets have their own opportunities and challenges that require careful study to
fully understand how they work and make better decisions. Rural market analysis
refers to the study of the structure, behaviors and performances of these markets.
Since rural markets are often informal and unregistered, the process of analyzing can
be complex. However, analyzing them is essential for understanding the rural
economy and creating effective developing strategies.
83 | P a g e
Objectives
We were told that for our Live-in-Field Experience (LFE) course, we had to visit
Rupdia Bazaar in Jessore. During our visit, our intention was to gather information
on-
● The key market trends, bestselling and famous products, and products that are not
easily available.
● Examine supply chain, infrastructure and distribution challenges.
● Understand the main opportunities and challenges that both seller and buyer
experience
in the market.
● Study how social, economic, and cultural factors influence market activities.
● Finally, Analyze the development potential and future growth opportunities of the
market.
Objectives
We were told that for our Live-in-Field Experience (LFE) course, we had to visit
Rupdia Bazaar in Jessore. During our visit, our intention was to gather information
on-
● The key market trends, bestselling and famous products, and products that are not
easily available.
● Examine supply chain, infrastructure and distribution challenges.
● Understand the main opportunities and challenges that both seller and buyer
experience
in the market.
● Study how social, economic, and cultural factors influence market activities.
● Finally, Analyze the development potential and future growth opportunities of the
market.
84 | P a g e
Methodology
We completed a detailed study of the Rupdia Bazaar, communicating with the local
people, shopkeepers and whole sellers, who sell products and also buy them.
Initially, our goal was to understand the market's history, how its products are
supplied and its overall statistics. We were divided into two groups and collected
information on which products are most famous, what are the best selling products
and which products they need to buy from distant places. By looking at the goods in
the market, we found unique local products, fresh vegetables, seafood and even fake
goods which are more popular than the real ones. For example, energy plus biscuits.
We also learned about how much money the sellers earn and got a good idea about
the economic situation of those people.
Methodology
We completed a detailed study of the Rupdia Bazaar, communicating with the local
people, shopkeepers and whole sellers, who sell products and also buy them.
Initially, our goal was to understand the market's history, how its products are
supplied and its overall statistics. We were divided into two groups and collected
information on which products are most famous, what are the best selling products
and which products they need to buy from distant places. By looking at the goods in
the market, we found unique local products, fresh vegetables, seafood and even fake
goods which are more popular than the real ones. For example, energy plus biscuits.
We also learned about how much money the sellers earn and got a good idea about
the economic situation of those people.
85 | P a g e
Figure 7.1: Rupdia Bazaar’s Map
Figure 7.1: Rupdia Bazaar’s Map
86 | P a g e
Figure 7.2: Landmark of Rupdia Bazaar
Figure 7.2: Landmark of Rupdia Bazaar
87 | P a g e
Difficulties Faced while doing analysis
● Lack of Information: Rupdia Bazar has a history of almost one hundred
years. None of the shopkeepers or ordinary people from the Bazaar could
provide accurate detailed information about when and how the market was
established. Moreover, some of the shopkeepers were feeling uneasy by the
presence of multiple groups and questioning them again and again. As we
were students and from outside of Jessore, some of the sellers were not sharing
the correct price rates and product details. While some actually told us price
more than the actual one and tried to make extra profits. But we paid attention
to the packaging, levels and other factors to avoid such a situation.
● Complicated Layout of the Market: As it was our first visit, we did not have
the proper map of the market. Which made it difficult to navigate where to go
first and how to start our survey. We were afraid that we might have missed
some of the key details and shops which were more important.
Difficulties Faced while doing analysis
● Lack of Information: Rupdia Bazar has a history of almost one hundred
years. None of the shopkeepers or ordinary people from the Bazaar could
provide accurate detailed information about when and how the market was
established. Moreover, some of the shopkeepers were feeling uneasy by the
presence of multiple groups and questioning them again and again. As we
were students and from outside of Jessore, some of the sellers were not sharing
the correct price rates and product details. While some actually told us price
more than the actual one and tried to make extra profits. But we paid attention
to the packaging, levels and other factors to avoid such a situation.
● Complicated Layout of the Market: As it was our first visit, we did not have
the proper map of the market. Which made it difficult to navigate where to go
first and how to start our survey. We were afraid that we might have missed
some of the key details and shops which were more important.
88 | P a g e
Figure 7.3 : Market Analysis of Rupdia Bazaar
Figure 7.3 : Market Analysis of Rupdia Bazaar
89 | P a g e
Communication and Transporation
At Rupdia Bazaar, in Jessore, the main participants are farmers (primary producers),
wholesalers (pikars), local traders, and buyers. These individuals rely on different
kinds of transportation.
After observing the surroundings and talking to the people we understood that
mostly used transport are-
• Rickshaw
• Tempo
• Van
• Auto Rickshaw
• Truck
• Pick up
• Bus
Most of these transport options, such as rickshaws, rickshaw vans, and tempos, are
locally owned and have a high demand during the harvest season. Farmers and small
traders often use rickshaws and vans to carry their crops from home to the haat, while
wholesalers frequently depend on trucks to transport goods to warehouses and
distribute them across different regions.
Communication and Transporation
At Rupdia Bazaar, in Jessore, the main participants are farmers (primary producers),
wholesalers (pikars), local traders, and buyers. These individuals rely on different
kinds of transportation.
After observing the surroundings and talking to the people we understood that
mostly used transport are-
• Rickshaw
• Tempo
• Van
• Auto Rickshaw
• Truck
• Pick up
• Bus
Most of these transport options, such as rickshaws, rickshaw vans, and tempos, are
locally owned and have a high demand during the harvest season. Farmers and small
traders often use rickshaws and vans to carry their crops from home to the haat, while
wholesalers frequently depend on trucks to transport goods to warehouses and
distribute them across different regions.
90 | P a g e
Available products and services
As we have collected all our data regarding the products and their availability. We
tried to compare the prices of all the common necessary products with the price of
Dhaka's price. Also we did a comparison between wholesale price and market price
to know the profit margin. For that we took information from our parents and online
shop “ChalDal”. After comparing both prices we got that
I. Most of the items are more expensive in Dhaka than Jessore.
II. A few items are with the same prices. Such as Miniket rice.
III. Only onion and miniket rice are cheaper in Dhaka.
IV. Bestselling products are rice, potato and Catfish (Pangash).
V. The most famous product is Date Molasses.
VI. Hilsha Fish was also famous among the fishes.
VII. Ducks and birds like pigeons are also available here.
Available products and services
As we have collected all our data regarding the products and their availability. We
tried to compare the prices of all the common necessary products with the price of
Dhaka's price. Also we did a comparison between wholesale price and market price
to know the profit margin. For that we took information from our parents and online
shop “ChalDal”. After comparing both prices we got that
I. Most of the items are more expensive in Dhaka than Jessore.
II. A few items are with the same prices. Such as Miniket rice.
III. Only onion and miniket rice are cheaper in Dhaka.
IV. Bestselling products are rice, potato and Catfish (Pangash).
V. The most famous product is Date Molasses.
VI. Hilsha Fish was also famous among the fishes.
VII. Ducks and birds like pigeons are also available here.
91 | P a g e
VIII. In the profit margin, we saw that the highest difference is made in ginger.
Which is 25% and lowest in Beans, 3.23%.
This indicates that overall, consumers in Dhaka face higher market prices than those
in Jessore. Retailers in jessore are making more profit than wholesalers, especially
in high demand products like ginger and onion.
Figure 7.4 : Price comparison between Jessore and Dhaka
VIII. In the profit margin, we saw that the highest difference is made in ginger.
Which is 25% and lowest in Beans, 3.23%.
This indicates that overall, consumers in Dhaka face higher market prices than those
in Jessore. Retailers in jessore are making more profit than wholesalers, especially
in high demand products like ginger and onion.
Figure 7.4 : Price comparison between Jessore and Dhaka
92 | P a g e
Figure 7.5 : Profit Margin
Supply Chain of Rupdia Bazar
A supply chain is basically the journey a product goes through before it reaches the
customers. As we visited Rupdia Bazaar, our target was to collect information about
its products, prices, profits and supply chain. Based on the collected data we have
gotten three different supply chains at the Bazaar.
Commodities: This is the simplest chain. The manufacturer makes the product, then
the dealers buy it, the retailers sell it in the market and then the consumers get the
products. It is a straight line from factory to the consumers.
Meat: This chain is a little different. It starts with the farmer, who raises the animals.
A butcher then buys it then handles the meat. A retailer buys the meat and sells it to
the customers. Butcher (Koshai) plays a significant role here.
Figure 7.5 : Profit Margin
Supply Chain of Rupdia Bazar
A supply chain is basically the journey a product goes through before it reaches the
customers. As we visited Rupdia Bazaar, our target was to collect information about
its products, prices, profits and supply chain. Based on the collected data we have
gotten three different supply chains at the Bazaar.
Commodities: This is the simplest chain. The manufacturer makes the product, then
the dealers buy it, the retailers sell it in the market and then the consumers get the
products. It is a straight line from factory to the consumers.
Meat: This chain is a little different. It starts with the farmer, who raises the animals.
A butcher then buys it then handles the meat. A retailer buys the meat and sells it to
the customers. Butcher (Koshai) plays a significant role here.
93 | P a g e
Fish: Jessore is famous for fisheries and supplying fish to various parts of the
country. The supply chain here is the most complex. The fisherman catches the fish,
a whole seller buys it in large quantities, then a local trader buys the fish and brings
it to the market from various central zones in Jessore. The retailer is the last buyer
before the consumers buy it.
Figure 7.6: Supply Chain
Fish: Jessore is famous for fisheries and supplying fish to various parts of the
country. The supply chain here is the most complex. The fisherman catches the fish,
a whole seller buys it in large quantities, then a local trader buys the fish and brings
it to the market from various central zones in Jessore. The retailer is the last buyer
before the consumers buy it.
Figure 7.6: Supply Chain
94 | P a g e
Figure 7.7: Local product
Figure 7.7: Local product
95 | P a g e
Figure 7.8 : retailer at Rupdia Kachabazaar
Figure 7.8 : retailer at Rupdia Kachabazaar
96 | P a g e
Figure 7.9: During the market analysis
Figure 7.9: During the market analysis
97 | P a g e
Figure 8: Original and copy of Dairy Milk chocolate
Figure 8.1: Original and copy of Snickers
Figure 8: Original and copy of Dairy Milk chocolate
Figure 8.1: Original and copy of Snickers
98 | P a g e
In order to differentiate from fake and real products, the indications were-
• Logos and Trademarks
• Taste and Texture
• QR Scans/Security Features
• Packaging
• Missing information
• Pricing
In order to differentiate from fake and real products, the indications were-
• Logos and Trademarks
• Taste and Texture
• QR Scans/Security Features
• Packaging
• Missing information
• Pricing
99 | P a g e
Figure 8.2 : Hilsha fish
Figure 8.2 : Hilsha fish
100 | P a g e
Figure 8.3: Pigeons and Ducks
Figure 8.3: Pigeons and Ducks
101 | P a g e
Theoretical Analysis
Figure 8.4 – single equilibrium market / perfectly competitive market
Theoretical Analysis
Figure 8.4 – single equilibrium market / perfectly competitive market
102 | P a g e
Figure 8.5 ( Total profit calculation in a perfectly competitive market)
Figure 8.5 ( Total profit calculation in a perfectly competitive market)
103 | P a g e
Figure -8.6 ( monopolistic market profit calculation)
Imperfectly competitive (realistic market) scenario of multiple break-even points
where there is normal/zero profit, TR= TC.
Figure -8.6 ( monopolistic market profit calculation)
Imperfectly competitive (realistic market) scenario of multiple break-even points
where there is normal/zero profit, TR= TC.
104 | P a g e
Discussion
In case of realistic market scenarios, most are imperfectly competitive markets, and
thus, the market in Jessore for most of the products is imperfectly competitive. Thus,
all of the suppliers having a profit- margin is considered to have buying price = MC
not total cost, total cost has transactional costs such as transport and fixed costs. On
the other hand quantity sold will determine total revenue.
Discussion
In case of realistic market scenarios, most are imperfectly competitive markets, and
thus, the market in Jessore for most of the products is imperfectly competitive. Thus,
all of the suppliers having a profit- margin is considered to have buying price = MC
not total cost, total cost has transactional costs such as transport and fixed costs. On
the other hand quantity sold will determine total revenue.
105 | P a g e
106 | P a g e
In the findings, we can identify that the market in Bangladesh including suppliers
of products to the retail market in Jessore) is a monopolistic market.
The highest profit at the marginal cost/buying price is the onion at 20 % due to
high demand. Duck, on the other hand, is relatively low-priced at 400 tk in Jessore
compared to Dhaka which is 650 tk, due to high supply.
Onion is also the only product found to be 90 tk and higher than Dhaka where it is
80 tk , thus we cannot say supply of onion is high, since price would be lower with
higher supply, we can deduce the higher price and profit margin is due to higher
demand for onions in Jessore.
In the findings, we can identify that the market in Bangladesh including suppliers
of products to the retail market in Jessore) is a monopolistic market.
The highest profit at the marginal cost/buying price is the onion at 20 % due to
high demand. Duck, on the other hand, is relatively low-priced at 400 tk in Jessore
compared to Dhaka which is 650 tk, due to high supply.
Onion is also the only product found to be 90 tk and higher than Dhaka where it is
80 tk , thus we cannot say supply of onion is high, since price would be lower with
higher supply, we can deduce the higher price and profit margin is due to higher
demand for onions in Jessore.
107 | P a g e
108 | P a g e
Conclusion (Market Analysis)
For us, visiting Rupdia Bazaar was a unique and wonderful experience. As most of
us have spent our whole life in cities and towns, it was new for us to visit a place
like a local bazaar. We got the chance to talk with different kinds of people and
understand how they are living their lives by doing trades and business. We get the
feeling of living like a rural person. Everyone here has a different lifestyle and
mindset. We also came to know about the overall economic situation of the Jessore
area. This survey will have a great impact on our way of thinking and seeing life and
seeing our country.
Conclusion (Market Analysis)
For us, visiting Rupdia Bazaar was a unique and wonderful experience. As most of
us have spent our whole life in cities and towns, it was new for us to visit a place
like a local bazaar. We got the chance to talk with different kinds of people and
understand how they are living their lives by doing trades and business. We get the
feeling of living like a rural person. Everyone here has a different lifestyle and
mindset. We also came to know about the overall economic situation of the Jessore
area. This survey will have a great impact on our way of thinking and seeing life and
seeing our country.
109 | P a g e
Conclusion
The whole LFE was a learning curve from start to finish. Most of our lives living in
urban areas we undermine the privileges and blessings we have. More than half of
the population of our country consists of rural people, people living outskirts, in
villages, outside the busy city life.
The Live-In-Field Experience allowed us to gain a new perspective about how life
works aside from our own lives. Going to a village, to gather information, observing
the surroundings, living conditions and overall architecture gave us a deeper
understanding of our country. Bhatpara-I was an amazing experience and the people
were equally supportive as well. From our mapping to collecting answers for
surveys, they were as willing as they can be which made our work easier. This work
certainly helped us in an academic sense as well as learning hard work.
Furthermore, giving presentations on our information, helped us clarify, use logic,
understand in a way that we could convey properly about the depth of the work that
we had conducted.
To summarize, Bhatpara-I is a village of unity. Most of the people are farmers and
the consensus of females are higher although that’s due to the number of children.
The people are actually surprisingly progressive. Women are allowed to vote and do
most activities. Boys usually complete their education before getting married
whereas the stereotype of girls being married at an earlier age in rural areas is
prevalent here as well.
Conclusion
The whole LFE was a learning curve from start to finish. Most of our lives living in
urban areas we undermine the privileges and blessings we have. More than half of
the population of our country consists of rural people, people living outskirts, in
villages, outside the busy city life.
The Live-In-Field Experience allowed us to gain a new perspective about how life
works aside from our own lives. Going to a village, to gather information, observing
the surroundings, living conditions and overall architecture gave us a deeper
understanding of our country. Bhatpara-I was an amazing experience and the people
were equally supportive as well. From our mapping to collecting answers for
surveys, they were as willing as they can be which made our work easier. This work
certainly helped us in an academic sense as well as learning hard work.
Furthermore, giving presentations on our information, helped us clarify, use logic,
understand in a way that we could convey properly about the depth of the work that
we had conducted.
To summarize, Bhatpara-I is a village of unity. Most of the people are farmers and
the consensus of females are higher although that’s due to the number of children.
The people are actually surprisingly progressive. Women are allowed to vote and do
most activities. Boys usually complete their education before getting married
whereas the stereotype of girls being married at an earlier age in rural areas is
prevalent here as well.
110 | P a g e
Although most of the people here are farmers, the families didn’t seem to be
struggling financially, at least that’s what they were insinuating, hence they can be
termed as lower-middle class.
In terms of health, all the children were vaccinated. But their visits to hospitals and
NGOs is around 3-4 times a year. Meaning, either they avoid or the village does not
have a substantial amount of sickness spread. But as per the data of ‘Problems
regarding govt. healthcares’ it’s safe to assume that it’s the latter which is a good
indicator for the environment as well which was felt during the mapping too. Clean
environment, water was noticeable.
Finally, other peripherals, such as the lack of enough pharmacies, stores, shops etc
were noticeable. But it is only a chink in the overall armor.
Working on this information and expanding on them enriched our skills beyond
measure. It was a fulfilled experience of knowledge, fun and adventure for all of us.
Although most of the people here are farmers, the families didn’t seem to be
struggling financially, at least that’s what they were insinuating, hence they can be
termed as lower-middle class.
In terms of health, all the children were vaccinated. But their visits to hospitals and
NGOs is around 3-4 times a year. Meaning, either they avoid or the village does not
have a substantial amount of sickness spread. But as per the data of ‘Problems
regarding govt. healthcares’ it’s safe to assume that it’s the latter which is a good
indicator for the environment as well which was felt during the mapping too. Clean
environment, water was noticeable.
Finally, other peripherals, such as the lack of enough pharmacies, stores, shops etc
were noticeable. But it is only a chink in the overall armor.
Working on this information and expanding on them enriched our skills beyond
measure. It was a fulfilled experience of knowledge, fun and adventure for all of us.
111 | P a g e
Bibliography
https://share.google/QDbsCGbKsWDSDLB6H
https://share.google/EvETFZpIgtqbbML4i
https://rrftarc-bd.org/
https://share.google/xOjFcK3R15nxT2jym
https://maps.app.goo.gl/yJVmU8FS6RnBKM3F8
Bibliography
https://share.google/QDbsCGbKsWDSDLB6H
https://share.google/EvETFZpIgtqbbML4i
https://rrftarc-bd.org/
https://share.google/xOjFcK3R15nxT2jym
https://maps.app.goo.gl/yJVmU8FS6RnBKM3F8
112 | P a g e
Appendix
Village Map Poster
Appendix
Village Map Poster
113 | P a g e
Demographic & Socio-Economic Poster
Demographic & Socio-Economic Poster
114 | P a g e
Health & Environment Analysis Poster
Health & Environment Analysis Poster
115 | P a g e
116 | P a g e
117 | P a g e
118 | P a g e
119 | P a g e
120 | P a g e
121 | P a g e
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