living_functions_vocabulary_notes (1).pptx

Vocabulary of cell function

1. Living Functions: Cell, Plant, Animal Important vocabulary. When you understand these terms you will be able to make lots of connections. Connections are a good thing.

2. Structure something constructed or arranged in a definite pattern of organization manner of construction : the arrangement or relationship of elements (as particles, parts, or organs) in a substance, body, or system

3. Function the particular purpose for which a person or thing is specially fitted or used or for which a thing exists <the function of a knife is cutting> the natural or proper action of a bodily part in a living thing <the function of the heart>

4. Metabolism part of energy Thousands of chemical reactions are necessary to keep living  cells  healthy. The sum of these reactions is called metabolism. Many of the reactions involve breaking down molecules to release some of their stored energy . More Info

5. Respiration part of energy All living organisms must be capable of releasing energy stored in food molecules through a chemical process known as cellular respiration . oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide is given off . Large multicellular animals such as birds and mammals must breathe in oxygen, which travels to the lungs and is transferred to the blood flow of the body’s arteries.  Plants respire too, but they do it through openings called stomata , which are found on the underside of their leaves.  MORE INFO

6. Photosynthesis part of energy Photosynthesis is a process by which plants, algae, and certain microorganisms transform light energy from the sun into the chemical energy of food. During photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is harnessed and used to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds—namely sugar molecules—and oxygen . This chemical energy is transferred to animals that eat plants as well as other photosynthetic organisms, and to the animals that eat other animals ( see   food chain ). The oxygen produced through photosynthesis is released into the atmosphere (in the case of aquatic organisms, into the aquatic environment ) and used by organisms for  cellular respiration . MORE INFO

7. Waste All living organisms create waste products via the processes of living. Much waste comes from food. The rest is produced by movement, growth, and other functions of living. If this waste remained in living things, it would soon cause illness and death. Thus living things must have a way to dispose of waste matter. The process that removes waste products from the body is called excretion. Blood carries the oxygen needed to release energy from food, and it carries away the carbon dioxide and water produced as wastes by cellular processes . To provide what every cell needs and to carry off wastes the plant uses a liquid called sap, which travels through specialized cells in the plant.

8. Cell Theory Cell Theory is 6 Statements that help us determine is something is living or not living. Improvements in microscopes by the 19th century allowed more detailed investigations. In the 1830s Scottish botanist  Robert Brown  discovered the cell nucleus, and two German scientists, Matthias J. Schleiden and  Theodor Schwann , concluded independently that cells were the basis of all life, a view called the cell theory.

9. Cell Theory Cells are the basic form of life Cells make up all living things Cell can process energy Cells come from other cells Cells have DNA Cells are made of the same basic chemicals

10. Stimulus stimulus is a signal from the animal’s body or its environment. It is a form of energy—light waves or sound vibrations, for example. All but the simplest animals receive a stimulus—light, sound, taste, touch, or smell—through special cells called receptors, located in many places on or in the body. PLANTS AND ANIMLAS CAN RESPOND TO STIMULUS in different ways Inside the protective seed covering, the embryonic plant lies dormant until the moisture and warmth of spring stimulate its growth . Cell turgor is very important to plant growth and structure. Turgor causes expansion of the cell wall and stimulates cell growth.

11. Response Behavior or Actions caused by a stimulus T he direction or intensity of a response may be described as positive, if directed toward a stimulus, or negative, if directed away from it . As a rule, only animals are capable of such responses. Still another type of orienting response is called a kinesis—an increase or decrease in an animal’s activity, but in no particular direction . Prefixes are usually added to the root words tropism, taxis, and kinesis to indicate the kind of energy to which the organism is responding. For example, geotropism is response to gravity; phototaxis , response to light.

12. Reproduction  to produce new individuals of the same kind the act or process of reproducing the process by which plants and animals produce offspring something reproduced : copy

13. Life Processes The Function Reproduce- Sexual & Asexual > Offspring Growth Obtain & Use Energy- Metabolism, Respiration, Photosynthesis Produce & Release Waste Mobilit y- Respond To Environment- Stimulus & Response