Low Birth Weight Baby topic for Nursing student

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1. LOW BIRTH
WEIGHT BABY
.
Dr. AjeemKhan
Vice-Principal
Department of Nursing
P.K. University

2. .
Lowbirthweightisatermusedtodescribebabieswhoareborn
weighinglessthan(2,500grams).Anaveragenewbornusuallyweighs
about2.5-3.5kg.Alow-birth-weightbabymaybehealthyeventhoughheor
sheissmall.

3. .
Types of Low birth weight
1.Lowbirthweight(LBW):ALBWbabyweighslessthan2500grams,
2.Verylowbirthweight(VLBW):AVLBWbabyweighslessthan1500grams,
3.Extremelylowbirthweight(ELBW):AnELBWbabyweighslessthan1000
grams,

4. Causes
•Maternal infection.
•Previous premature delivery.
•Complication of pregnancy e.g. Placenta Previa,
•Medicine disease of the mother during pregnancy.
•Multiple pregnancy.
•Congenital malformation.
•Medical factor –fetal hypoxia, diabetes mellitus,
toxemia
•Ante partum hemorrhage.

5. Intrauterine
Growth
Restriction (IUGR)
•Poor maternal nutrition.
•Infections during pregnancy.
•High blood pressure or preeclampsia.
•Diabetes or anemia in the mother.
•Smoking, alcohol, or substance use.
•Multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets).
•Placental problems.
•Teenage pregnancy or advanced maternal age.
•Low socioeconomic status.
•Short intervals between pregnancies.

6. Risk
factor
•Breathing.
•Jaundice.
•Feeding difficulties and poor weight gain.
•Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
•Temperature instability (hypothermia).
•Infections due to weaker immunity.
•Neurological complications (e.g., brain bleeding
in preterm infants).

7. Sign
Symptom
•Small size with larger head.
•Suture are widely.
•The face appear small.
•Fontanels is large.
•Fatty tissue is reduced.
•Ear are soft, flat and cartilage is not fully developed.
•Eyes remain closed .
•Dry skin.

8. Diagnosis
•Baby is weighed immediately.
•Gestational age is assessed.
•NICU evaluation.
•Monitoring of temperature, oxygen levels, glucose,
feeding, and weight.
•Screening for infections, anemia, and jaundice.
•Neurodevelopmental assessments in high-risk
infants.

9. .
Nursing Management
•Efficient Resuscitation.
•Prevention Of Hypothermia.
•Continuous Breathing Support.
•Physical support is very must.

10. .
•Administration Vitamin K in I.M.
•Appropriate place of care.
•Babyshouldbepositionwithneckslightlyextended.
•Clearairpassagebygentlesuctioningtoremovethesecretion.
•Administrationoxygentherapy.

11. .
•Monitorbabyrespiration,rate,rhythm,Cyanosisandoxygensaturation
etc.
•Chestphysiotherapy.
•Delaybathing.
•Maternalcontact.
•Maintainenvironmenttemperature.

12. .
•Externalheatsource(incubator,cap&socks).
•Directbreastfeeding.
•Separate baby care article.
•Changing of shoes & wearing of sterile gown & mask care giver.
•Weight and other clinical signs.
•Change position frequently at 2 hours interval.

13. .
•Place on right after feeding to prevent regurgitation aspiration.
•Provide to intra uterine care.
•Protection from infection by aseptic technique and hand washing.
•Placed in prone position during care.

14. .
Prevention
•Antenatal care: Early and regular pregnancy check-ups
•Nutrition: Balanced maternal diet with supplements (iron, folic acid)
•Avoid harmful substances: No smoking, alcohol, or drugs
•Infection prevention: Treat infections promptly during pregnancy
•Manage maternal conditions: Control high blood pressure, diabetes, and anemia
•Birth spacing: Adequate gap between pregnancies