Lumbini

Lumbini, in brief about the birthplace of Lord Buddha, Mayadevi temple and about buddhism

1. Dr. Shatdal chaudhary , MD Associate Professor universal college of medical sciences Bhairahawa, Nepal LUMBINI

2. General Objective Promotion of Lumbini for tourism and religious purpose

3. Specific Objective At the end of the presentation we should able to understand Historical importance of Lumbini Holy site of Lumbini Master Plan for Lumbini development Important Monasteries in Lumbini Various means of transport to reach

4. Content Introduction of Lumbini Historical Importance Holy site of Lumbini Master Plan of Lumbini Important Monasteries in Lumbini Various means of transport to reach

5. Introduction Lumbini holds immense archeological and religious importance It is one of the greatest pilgrimage sites for Buddhists as well as Hindus It was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1997. More than 400,000 Buddhists and non Buddhists visit Lumbini every year.

6. importance Lumbini is the birth place of Lord Buddha In the Sutta Nipáta (vs. 683) it is stated that the Buddha was born in a village of the Sákyans in the Lumbineyya Janapada . In the Buddha's time, Lumbini was situated between Kapilavastu and Devadaha The park was previously known as Rummindei , two miles north of Bhagavanpura .

7. Exact location was forgotten

8. In 1896, Nepalese archaeologists led by Khadga Samsher Rana and assisted by Alois Anton Führer discovered a great stone pillar at Lumbini. Führer postulated that the pillar was placed at the site by Emperor Ashoka 245 BCE. Records made by the Chinese pilgrim Faxian in the early 5 th century CE were also used in the process of identifying this religiously acclaimed site.

9. Recent excavations beneath existing brick structures at the Mayadevi Temple at Lumbini have uncovered evidence for an older timber structure beneath the walls of the newer brick Buddhist shrine, which was constructed during the Ashokan era. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal from the wooden postholes and optically stimulated luminescence dating of elements in the soil suggests human activity began at the site around 1000 BCE, followed by the development of a Buddhist monastery-like community by approximately 550 BCE.

10. Present day, Lumbini The present-day Lumbini historic site is 4.8 km (3 mi) in length and 1.6 km (1.0 mi) in width. The holy site of Lumbini is bordered by a large monastic zone in which only monasteries can be built, no shops, hotels or restaurants.

11. holy site of Lumbini The holy site of Lumbini has Maya devi Temple, an ancient bathing pond, a sacred Bodhi tree, The Ashokan pillar, and the ruins of ancient monasteries.

12. Maya devi Temple

13. ANCIENT BATHING POND AND SACRED BODHI TREE

14. ruins of ancient monasteries

15. Master Plan: Lumbini Kenzo Tange the famous Japanese architect prepared a Master Plan for the development of Lumbini in 1978. The plan, has as its objective to restore an area of about 7.7 km2, to be known as the Lumbini Garden, centering on the garden and the Ashoka Pillar, with an additional area of 64.5 km2 buffer zone to be developed in its support. UN Secretary General   Late U Thant  

16. Master Plan: Lumbini

17. Master Plan: Lumbini According to architect Kenzo Tange , "the overall intent is to reinforce the symbolic entity of the Lumbini Garden in its simplicity and clarity. Development will provide for visitors to Lumbini - pilgrims and tourists - and will also support such complementary activities as residence of monks, research, international meetings and teachings.”

18. Master Plan: Lumbini

19. Master Plan: Lumbini Within the plan for the development of Lumbini Garden, there are three main components: 1. New Lumbini Village 2. The Cultural Centre/Monastic Zone 3. The Sacred Garden The design is oriented north-south, with Lumbini Village and Cultural Centre north, and the focus of the design - the Sacred Garden - to the. south.

20. Master Plan: Lumbini On either side of the axis towards its southern end are the monastic enclaves. The entire development is tied together by a central link comprised of a walkway and a canal. the eastern monastic zone having the Theravadin monasteries, the western monastic zone having Mahayana and Vajrayana monasteries. This central link establishes the solitude and sanctity of the Sacred Garden, with its pillar and spectacular panorama of the Himalaya, and offers pilgrims time and space to prepare themselves as they approach the Sacred Garden.

21. Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the park in 2001

22. Lokamani Cula Pagoda Lumbini

23. Chinese Maitreya Temple Lumbini

24. Further plan Asia Pacific Exchange and Cooperation Foundation (APECF) a NGO backed by Former Prime Minister Prachanda , the Chinese government and United Nations Industrial Development Organization signed a deal to develop Lumbini into a "special development zone" with funds worth $3 billion in 2011. A broader 'Lumbini Development National Director Committee' under the leadership of Pushpa Kamal Dahal was formed. Construction of an International Airport Started in Bhairahawa.

25. Transport Lumbini is a 9-hour drive from Kathmandu A 30-minute drive from Bhairahawa . The closest airport is Gautama Buddha Airport at Bhairahawa, with flights to and from Kathmandu It is being developed in international airport Work is expected to be finished by Dec 2017

26. Om Shanti shanti

27. BUDDHISM Desmond Boyle Jeffrey Chin

28. Founder Siddhartha Gautama (Gautama Buddha) was the founder of Buddhism and was born in present day Nepal. Siddhartha was born in a royal Hindu family and would have had several roles as a Prince in his community. He eventually moved to India to have a more meaningful role in people’s personal lives.

29. Historical Context of founding After forty-nine days of meditation Gautama Buddha was awakened, otherwise known as reaching enlightenment. After reaching enlightenment, under a Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya India, he promised to spread the knowledge he just learned about how to end suffering.

30. Symbols The eight-spoked wheel symbolizes the Buddha’s turning of the Wheel of Truth or Law. There are eight spokes to reference the Noble Eightfold Path of Buddhism, which is the path Buddhists believe can end suffering in their lives. This path involves becoming more wise, righteous, and thoughtful in life.

31. Symbols The Bodhi Tree symbolizes the reaching of enlightenment, because under this tree Siddhartha Gautama reached enlightenment for the first time. Reaching enlightenment is one of the greatest single achievements a Buddhist can reach.

32. symbols The throne refers to Siddhartha Gautama’s royal ancestry. The throne also presents the idea that enlightenment is the pinnacle of the spirtual world. The lion is a symbol for power, integrity, and strength in the Buddhism religion.

33. Deity's name Buddhists, for the most part, argue strongly against the principle of an all powerful deity. Siddhartha Gautama was the founder of Buddhism and is considered the leader of the Buddhists, but he was never considered to be omnipotent.

34. Location of origin Buddhism was founded in the subcontinent of India. The specific region of the first teachings of Buddhism was in a village in Northern India called Sarnath .

35. Major locations today Buddhism is popular in several nations all throughout southern Asia. Buddhism is most commonly practiced in India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, North and South Korea, China, and Japan.

36. Number of followers There are around 376,000,000 Buddhist followers world-wide today. This is the most amount of followers Buddhism has ever had.

37. Why religion spread The religion started in India after Siddhartha Gautama reached enlightenment, but quickly was replaced in India by Hinduism. Gautama never stopped preaching the principles and many helped spread Buddhism. Chinese citizens who had endured a very strict and militant central government identified with the Buddhist message of self reliance and no central power.

38. Holy Book/Important Texts Buddhists simply did not write down their sacred principles like many other religions. Buddhists were taught the Noble Eightfold Path and the Noble Four Truths which were used to help reach enlightenment and end suffering.

39. Place of worship Buddhists worship and meditate in a temple known as a Vihara. A Vihara is a huge square temple with roofs that slope down and outward from the building.

40. Roles of men and women Buddhists did not discuss gender equality very much but based off of their other principles women were probably not treated poorly. The only way to reach Nirvana, which was the main goal of all Buddhists, was to be righteous in your actions, so there was no room to abuse women.

41. Holy Sites Lumbini Where Siddhartha (Gautama Buddha) was born Located in present-day Nepal Bodhgaya Where the Buddha achieved enlightenment Located in present-day Bihar, India Sarnath Where the Buddha met his five disciples and delivered his first sermon Located in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India Kushinagar Where the Buddha died after 45 years of travels and sermons Located in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India

42. Holy Sites

43. Holidays The Buddhist New Year Celebrated at different times of year based on country’s calendar or if country is primarily Theravadin or Mahayan Vesak Celebrates the birth, enlightenment , and death of the Buddha Celebrated in May (or in June on leap years) Magha Puja Day Celebrates a day of the Buddha’s teachings when 1,250 of his disciples gathered to pay respect to him Uposatha Celebrated on days with new moons, full moons, and quarter moons Celebrated only by Theravadin Buddhists The Buddhist New Year

44. Holidays Abhidhamma Day Celebrates the day when the Buddha went to Heaven to teach his mother, Abhidhamma Loy Krathong Celebrated in Thailand when rivers and canals are full of water People place flowers, candles, and incense in the water to expel misfortune The Ploughing Festival Celebrates the Buddha’s first moment of enlightenment Aslha Puja Day Celebrated on the eighth month of the lunar calendar Celebrates the first day of the Buddha’s teaching

45. Holidays The Festival of the Tooth Celebrates the Buddha’s sacred tooth, which is held in a casket in a temple in Sri Lanka Ulambana Celebrates ancestors and the dead Avalokitesvara’s Birthday Celebrates Avalokitesvara’s birth, who was a symbol of compassion Bodhi Day Celebrates the enlightenment of Siddhartha Gautama Avalokitesvara

46. Major Beliefs: Creation Story Major beliefs are influenced by Hinduism Eternal life cycle of reincarnation However, beginning of life does not concern the Buddha The Buddha says that the matter does not affect the “fundamentals of religion” “There still remains birth, old age, death, sorrow, lamentation, misery, grief, and despair.” Malunkyaputta The Buddha

47. Major Beliefs: End Times Story Death leads to rebirth into a new life All events in life is a consequence of actions done in the past life (Karma) Cycle of Rebirth is escaped only by achieving Nirvana Nirvana: unborn, unoriginated, uncreated, unformed – achieved by ultimate purity of life Siddha-Shila – where liberated souls reside (Hinduism, representative of Buddhist Nirvana)

48. Major Beliefs: Commands & Laws The Four Noble Truths All life is marked by suffering Suffering is caused by desire and attachment Suffering can be stopped The way to end suffering is to follow the Noble Eightfold Path

49. Major Beliefs: Commands & Laws The Noble Eightfold Path Right knowledge Right intention Right speech Right action Right livelihood Right effort Right mindfulness Right concentration

50. Major Beliefs: Purpose of Life To End Suffering Follow the Noble Eightfold Path This Path leads to better Karma and a life purity A pure and enlightened soul can ultimately achieve Nirvana

51. Influence on art and architecture Buddhists had many symbols to represent their different beliefs. These symbols inspired a great deal of religious art that is still cherished to this day. The slanted roofs of the Viharas would become a common fixture in Asian building design.