lungs anatomy

this slides covers the whole anatomy of lungs

1. Lungs Anatomy By- Chirag Ajmera Assistant professor, MJF Group of Colleges and Hospitals

2. Introduction Lungs are spongy, expandable, a pair of respiratory organs situated in a thoracic cavity, The right and left lung are seperated by mediastinum . Each lung is surrounded by a pleural cavity, which is formed by the visceral and parietal pleura Texture – Spongy Colour – brown or grey, it become mottled black because of deposition of inhaled carbon particles. Weight- Right lung- 700gm Left lung – 600gm (50-100gm less than right lung)

3. Structure of lung The lungs are roughly  cone  shaped, with an Apex Base Lobes Two surfaces Three borders The left lung is slightly smaller than the right – this is due to the presence of the heart.

4. Apex The apex is blunt and lies above the level of the anterior end of the first rib. It reaches nearly 2.5 cm above the medial one-third of the clavicle. Base It is semi lunar and concave The inferior surface of the lung, which sits on the diaphragm.

5. Fissures and lobes Lobes The right lung is divided into 3 lobes (upper, middle and lower)by two fissures, oblique and horizontal fissure. The left lung is divided into two lobes by the oblique fissure. Fissure Oblique fissure- The oblique fissure cuts into the whole thickness of the lung, except at the hilum . It passes obliquely downwards and forwards. Horizontal fissure- Runs horizontally from the sternum, at the level of the 4th rib, to meet the oblique fissure in the right lung.

6. Surface There are two lung surfaces Costal surface Medial surface The  costal surface  is smooth and convex. It faces the internal surface of the chest wall. It is related to the costal pleura, which separates it from the ribs and innermost intercostal muscles. The medial surface is divided into a Posterior or vertebral part, and an anterior or mediastinal part. Mediastinal surface - anterior 2/3 rd of the medical surface. It is related to the mediastinal structures. Vertebral surface- posterior 1/3 rd of medical surface. It is related to the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs.

7. Border of lung Anterior border- it is very thin and shorter than posterior border, formed by the mediastinal and costal surfaces. On the left lung, the anterior border is marked by a deep notch which is known as the  cardiac notch .

8. Posterior border – it   is smooth and rounded. It is formed by the costal and mediastinal surfaces meeting posteriorly . Inferior border- it separates the base of the lung from the costal and mediastinal surfaces.

9. Root of the lung It is a short, broad pedicle which connects the medial surface of the lung to the mediastinum . It is formed by structures which either enter or come out of the lung at the hilum .

10. Each root contains – bronchus pulmonary artery two pulmonary veins bronchial vessels ( bronchial artery and bronchial vein) pulmonary plexus of nerves lymphatic vessels.

11. Supplies of lungs Blood supply- Bronchial circulation – comprising of bronchial artery and bronchial veins Pulmonary circulation – comprising of pulmonary artery and vein Nerve supply - Pulmonary plexus ( vagus nerve, cervical cardiac nerves)

12. Thank you This slides covers introduction, structure, supplies of the lungs