Macro-Perspective-On-Tourism-and-Hospitality-Lesson-1.pptx

Lesson 1-Culture and Tourism

1. MaCRO perspective on tourism & Hospitality Lesson 1: culture and tourism Ms. Arjane b. cuasay

2. Learning Objectives: At the end of this topic, students will be able to: 1. Understand the tourism and hospitality industry 2. Explain the relationship of tourism and hospitality. 3. Understand the various elements of travel used as criteria for defining tourists. 4. Differentiate tourists from excursionists .

3. Definition of Tourism and Hospitality The word tourism is derived from the hebrew word “torah” which means studying, learning and searching Tourism is the act and process of spending time away from home in pursuit of recreation, relaxation, and pleasure, while making use of the commercial provision of services. As such, tourism is a product of modern social arrangements, beginning in Western Europe in the 17thcentury, although it has antecedents in classical antiquity.

4. According to goeldner and ritchie : tourism is the processes, activities, outcomes arising from relationships and interaction among tourists, tourism suppliers, and surrounding environment that are involve in attracting and hosting of visitors.

5. Hospitality The term is derived from the latin word “ hospitare ” which means “to receive a guest”. Hospitality it implies whereby a guest who is away from home is welcomed by a host where basic necessities are provided such as food, beverages, and lodging.

6. Hospitality An industry comprises business entity of food, beverages, lodging or a combination of these businesses to travellers during stay in a destination.

7. The relationship of tourism & hospitality

8. An area where has good hotel and restaurant resources can attract more tourists. People are search for better accommodation and dining location so the hospitality should be regarded seriously. Tourism developed area have higher demand for the hotel, more tourists’ needs, more place to live and relax. These two industries not only can bring income to promote the national economy, but also solve the problem of employment and with the development of the society, human’s activities promote the development of many new industries. Hospitality and tourism are two of these industries

9. Meaning of Tourists In 1937, the league of nations defined “tourist” as follows: “A tourist is a person who visits a country other than that in which he or she usually resides for a period of at least 24 hours.” This was held to include persons travelling for pleasure, domestic reasons or health, persons travelling to meetings or on business, and persons visiting a country o a cruise vessel even if for less than 24hours

10. In 1963, a united nations conference on international travel and tourism recommended a new definition of a “visitor” as “any person visiting a country other than that of earning money.” This definition covers two classes of visitors:

11. 1. Tourists: temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours, whose purpose could be classified as: A. Leisure, such as recreation, holiday, health, study, religion, or sport; B. Business; C. Family; D. Mission; and E. Meeting

12. 2. Excursionists: temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination visited and not making an overnight stay

13. Visitors are further classified into: International visitor: refers to any person who travels to a country outside his/her usual environment. Domestic visitor: refers to any person who travels to a place other than that of his/her usual environment but still within the country.

14. Elements of Travel 1. Distance What must be considered under distance is the difference between local travel or travelling within a person’s home community and non local travel or travelling away from home. It excludes commuting to and from work and change in residence. A measure that has been used to distinguish travel away from home is the distance travelled on a trip.

15. 2. Length of stay at destination The second basic element of travel used as a criteria for defining travellers is the length of stay at a destination. The definition of tourist and excursionist are proposed by the WTO (world tourism organization) is largely teased on length of stay. Tourists are temporary visitors who make at least one overnight stay while excursionists are temporary visitors who do not stay overnight in the destination that they visit.

16. 3. Residence of the traveler The residence or origin of the traveller is the third basic element of travel. For business and research purposes, it is important to know where people live.

17. 4. Purpose of travel The fourth basic element is the purpose of travel. It can be divided into seven: A. Visiting friends and relatives; B. Conventions, seminars and meetings; C. Business; D. Outdoor recreation- fishing, hiking and camping E. Entertainment-theatre and sports; F. Personal-family, medical and wedding G. Others

18. The Nature of a Tour: Domestic tourism: travel taken exclusively within the national boundaries of the traveler’s country. People find it easy to do so because there are no language, currency, nor documentation barriers.

19. International tourism: involves the movement of people across international boundaries. It is more difficult to travel outside one’s country because the country visited has a different language, currency, and documentation requirements, such as passports, visas, and other conditions of entry to be met by tourists

20. A package tour, sometimes called inclusive tour , is an arrangement in which transport and accommodation is bought by the tourist at an all-inclusive price and the price of the individual elements cannot be determined by the tourist. The tour operator who organizes the package tour purchases transport and hotel accommodation in advance, usually obtaining these at a lower price because he or she is buying them in bulk.

21. On the other hand, an independent tour is an arrangement in which the tourist buys these facilities separately, either making reservations in advance through a travel agent or en route during his or her tour.

22. An independent inclusive tour is one in which the tourist travels to his or her destination individually, while in the group inclusive tour, he or she travels in the company of other tourists. The abbreviations IIT and GIT are used for individual inclusive tour and group inclusive tour respectively.

23. The Tourist Product In a narrow sense, the tourist product consists of what the tourist buys. In a wider sense, the tourist product is a combination of what the tourist does at the destination and the services he/she uses during his/her stay.

24. The Tourist Product The first characteristic of a tourist product is that it is a service . It is an intangible item It cannot be inspected by prospective purchasers before they buy as they can with a washing machine, a stereo, or other consumer goods.

25. The Tourist Product The second characteristic is that the tourist product is largely psychological in its attraction . It is a more than a collection of services such as an aircraft seat and a hotel room. It is the temporary use of a strange environment plus the culture and heritage of the region and other intangible benefits such as atmosphere and hospitality.

26. The Tourist Product The second characteristic is that the tourist product is largely psychological in its attraction . It is a more than a collection of services such as an aircraft seat and a hotel room. It is the temporary use of a strange environment plus the culture and heritage of the region and other intangible benefits such as atmosphere and hospitality.

27. The Tourist Product Another characteristic is that the product tends to vary in standard and quality over time unlike the production of a television set. A package tour is not consistently of equal standard. A bumpy flight can change an enjoyable experience into a nightmare; a good room in a hotel may be spoiled by poor food; and a holiday at the seaside can be destroyed by a prolonged rainy spell.

28. The Tourist Product Still another characteristic is that the supply of product is fixed . The number of hotel rooms available at a particular resort cannot be changed to meet the changing demand of the tourists during a particular season. The unsold hotel room or aircraft seat cannot be stored for another sale as is the case with tangible products. Thus, great efforts are made to fill hotel rooms and aircrafts by discounting the prices of these products at the last time

29. The Tourist Destination The tourist destination is a geographical unit where the tourist visits and stay . It may be a village, a town, a city, a district, a region, an island, a country, or a continent. The success of a tourist destination depends upon the interrelationship of three basic factors: attractions, amenities or facilities, and accessibility

30. The Tourist Destination A site attraction may be a country, a geographical region such as the Alps, a city, or a resort such as Boracay. Event attractions include congresses, exhibitions, festivals such as Ati-Atihan Festival, and sports events such as Olympic Games.

31. The Tourist Destination Attractions may also be natural or man-made. Natural attractions include mountains, beaches, and climatic features such as sunshine and pure air. Man-made attractions include buildings of historical or architectural interest such as Fort Santiago, holiday camps, or theme parks such as Disneyland in Los Angeles, USA

32. The Tourist Destination Amenities are facilities include accommodation, food, local transport, communications, and entertainment at the site. However attractive destination, it’s potential for tourism will be limited unless the basic amenities which a tourist requires are provided. Amenities will differ according to the attraction of the site. Sometimes, the amenity is itself the principal attraction as in the case when a resort hotel is built to offer different kinds of entertainment in a previously undeveloped region

33. The Tourist Destination Accessibility means having regular and convenience of transport in terms of time/distance to the destination from the originating country area sonable price. If private transport is to the means of access, tourism flow will depend upon adequate roads, gasoline stations, and the like. Good railways and coach services, airports, and seaports are designed to facilitate accessibility

34. Tourist Services – 1 st Group The travel and stay of tourists give rise to a wide range of services in the course of a holiday. The principal tourist services are supplied by passenger transport , which provides the means to reach the destination, as well as the movement at the destination. Distinctions in transport are between public and private, domestic and international, and among the various modes—land, sea, and air.

35. Tourist Services – 2 nd Group Accommodation, food and beverage, and entertainment constitute the second group of tourist services. Hotels are of vital concern to a large proportion of tourists. However, many stay with friends and relatives, and in other private accommodations; others provide their own accommodation inthe form of caravans and tents. At present, food and beverage operations cutacross all sectors of the travel industry since eating is a necessity, as well asa pleasure for travelers. Entertainment, combined with amusement and recreation, is the primary reason why millions of people travel.

36. Tourist Services-3 rd group The third group of tourist services consists of those provided by the travel agent and by the tour operator . The travel agent is the distributor for the product, while the tour operator is the manufacturer of the product. The travel agent provides an intermediary function between the tourist and the providers of transport and accommodation, while the tour operator combined the individual components of a holiday into a product, which is then sold directly to the public through travel agents.

37. Characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality 1. In tourism and hospitality, the product is not brought to the consumer; rather, the consumer has to travel and go to the product to purchase it. In other industries, an item manufactured in a factory is brought to the wholesaler, and retailer and untimely to the consumer.

38. Characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality 2. The products of tourism and hospitality are not used up; thus, they do not exhaust the country’s natural resources. The products of other industries have a limited life and at the end of it are either junked or replaced with new ones.

39. Characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality 3. Tourism and hospitality, is a labor-intensive industry. It requires more manpower than other industries. 4. Tourism and hospitality, is people-oriented. It is primarily concerned with people. One of the most important motivations of tourists is to meet other people and see how other people live.

40. Characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality 5. Tourism and hospitality, is a multidimensional phenomenon. It is dependent on many and varied activities which are separate buti nterdependent . 6. The tourism and hospitality industry, is seasonal. During vacation seasons, millions of tourists’ travel, which result in increased revenues for several tourism agencies; but when vacations are over, these companies experience a big decline in dollars earned.

41. Characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality 7. The industry is dynamic. It is characterized by the changing ideas and attitudes of its customers and therefore must be always prepared and willing to adjust to these changes

42. Importance of Tourism and Hospitality Tourism and hospitality, has become one of the world’s major industries. Both developing and highly developed nations are now taking a closer look at the following potential benefits from tourism and hospitality:

43. Importance of Tourism and Hospitality 1. Contribution to the balance of payments . Tourism and hospitality can help correct the balance of payments and deficits of many countries by earning the much-needed foreign currency in international trade. Examples of countries in which the tourism and hospitality industry has helped reduce the deficits are: Spain, Mexico, Philippines, Thailand, Hong Kong, and Singapore.

44. Importance of Tourism and Hospitality 2. Dispersion of development . International tourism and hospitality are the best means to spread wealth among countries; thus, bridging the economic gap between the rich and the poor nations.

45. Importance of Tourism and Hospitality 3. Effect on general economic development. Expenditures by tourists can have beneficial effects on all economic sectors can lead to a development of different industries and other economic activities.

46. Importance of Tourism and Hospitality 4. Employment opportunities . Tourism and Hospitality is a source of employment. It is a service industry, which could have a significant effect on those countries with surplus labor such as the Philippines. For countries where there is a high rate of unemployment and underemployment, tourism and hospitality can provide a ready solution

47. Importance of Tourism and Hospitality 5. Social benefits . Social exchange takes place when tourists come in contact with the inhabitants of the places they visit. Their social background and their presence affect the social structure and way of life of the local residents. In the same way, tourists are also affected by the experience so that they often carry with them new habits and a new outlook on life when they return home.

48. Importance of Tourism and Hospitality 6. Cultural enrichment . Tourism and hospitality, emphasizes a sharing and appreciation of cultures rather than the lack of trust brought about by isolation. Through tourism and hospitality, we can appreciate the rich human and cultural diversity that the world offers and evolve a mutual trust and respect for one another and the dignity of life on earth. Likewise, tourism and hospitality, contributes to the preservation and development of the world’s cultural heritage. It encourages governments to preserve historical sites and monuments and motivates indigenous groups to preserve their heritage in the form of dance, music, and artifacts.

49. Importance of Tourism and Hospitality 7. Educational significance . Tourism and hospitality, enhances one’s education. International conferences, seminars, and study trip held each year enable people of all nations to exchange ideas, propose solutions to problems, and share their concerns. They provide up-to-date information for enhancing the knowledge and skills required for the development of the tourism and hospitality industry.

50. Importance of Tourism and Hospitality 8. A vital force for peace . A properly designed and developed tourism and hospitality can help bridge the psychological and cultural distances that separate people of different races, colors, religions, and stages of social and economic development. In facilitating more genuine social relationships among individuals, tourism and hospitality can help overcome prejudices and foster international brotherhood and world understanding. Thus, tourism and hospitality can become a real force for world peace.

51. Thank you!