macroscopic features of gingiva, in depth.pptx

gingiva and its macroscopic features in detail

1. GINGIVA By Pranjali Nalawade IIIrd year BDS Macroscopic features of

2. Gingiva is that part of oral mucosa which covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of teeth. -Carranza

3. Parts of Gingiva MARGINAL GINGIVA INTERDENTAL GINGIVA ATTACHED GINGIVA

4. M arginal gingiva Free Gingiva/ Unattached Gingiva Border of gingiva D emarcated by free gingival groove F orms the soft tissue wall of the Gingival s ulcus

5. “The terminal edge / border of the gingiva surrounding the teeth in collar-like fashion .” Marginal gingiva V aries in width : 0.5 – 2mm > translucent appearance No stippling , mobile or free from the underlying tooth surface 1.5 – 2 mm coronal to CEJ

6. Gingival Sulcus The space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface “ Shallow crevice/space around the tooth bounded by the surface of tooth on one side & the epithelium lining the free gingival margin on the other side.” V – shaped

7. Firm and resilient Tightly bound to underlying periosteum of alveolar bone Continues with marginal gingiva & extends to the mucogingival junction on the facial and lingual aspects of mandible & facial and palatal aspects of maxilla Attached gingiva Glossary of periodontal terms 1972 “Attached gingiva is that portion of gingiva that extends from the base of gingival crevice to mucogingival junction.”

8. Interdental gingiva Definition: it is the ‘ part of gingiva that occupies the gingival embrasures ’, which is the interproximal space beneath the area of tooth contact. Shape : interdental gingiva have two shapes : pyramidal -shape col -shape

9. Macroscopic features

10. Colour Normally coral pink in color. produced by -Vascular supply -Thickness & degree of keratinization of epithelium -Presence of pigment containing cells. Alveolar mucosa – red, smooth & shiny

11. Physiologic pigmentation (Melanin) deep purplish discoloration or as irregularly shaped brown and light brown patches may appear as early as 3 hours after birth.

12. Contour Normal contour : (a) scalloped and knife-edged , (b) whereas the interdental papilla, anterior region  pyramidal posteriorly  tent-shaped Factors responsible: Shape of teeth and their alignment Location and size of proximal contact Dimensions of facial and lingual embrasures

13. Consistency The gingiva is firm & resilient , with the attached part tightly anchored to the teeth and underlying alveolar bone. The gingival fibers contribute to the firmness of the gingival margin. Checked by palpation using a blunt instrument or digital pressure .

14. Surface texture Stippling is generally present to varying degrees on vestibular surfaces of the attached gingiva. “orange peel” appearance  stippling Best viewed by drying the gingiva. seen in- Attached gingiva & central portion of interdental gingiva; It is a feature of healthy gingiva.

15. Size Depends on- sum of bulk of cellular and intracellular elements, and their vascular supply. Normal In disease- increased  ‘gingival enlargement.’

16. Position The normal position: 1mm above CEJ Factors that maintain Position of the teeth in the arch. Root-bone angle Mesio-distal curvature of tooth surface.

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