MAHATMA GANDHI

It is about the struggle of Mahatma Gandhi during the Independence period. It will give a complete description about Gandhi's life.

1. -Mahatma Gandhi FATHER OF NATION

2. MEMBERS -GROUP NO:02 ZEELIYA RANGEL - 13 ADITYA SINGH – 15 RISHABH KASHYAP - 17 SHRUTIKA NAGWEKAR – 19 PRAMOD KOLAJANGAM – 23 ALIYA SAYED – 21

3. INDEX Introduction Personal Life Leadership Qualities Turning Point Gandhi Tactics The Indian Struggle Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Non-cooperation Movement Swadeshi Untouchability Wheel of Time Salt Satyagraha Partition Assassination

4. INTRODUCTION Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Born On: 2 October 1869, Porbandar , Gujarat, India. Father: Karamchand Gandhi (1822–1885). Mother: Putlibai Gandhi (1839-1891). Education: Alfred High School (1877), University College London, Samaldas arts college. Occupation: Lawyer, Peace Activist. A ssassinated: January 30, 1948, New Delhi.

5. PERSONAL LIFE He was shy as a person. Kasturba Makhanji became his spouse at the age of 13. Gandhiji was blessed with four children. Non-violence and Ahimsa became his two utmost important principles.

6. LEADERSHIP QUALITIES Mahatma Gandhi is universally accepted as an exemplary model of ethical and moral life . He considered life growing from ‘truth to truth’ every day in moral and spiritual status . a) Self-confidence. b) Assertiveness. c) Warmth. d) Enthusiasm. e) Persuasion. f ) Foresight.

7. TURNING POINT In South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination directed at Indians. He was thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg after refusing to move from the first class to a third class coach. Traveling by stagecoach he was beaten by a driver for refusing to travel on the foot board to make room for a European. These events were a turning point in his life, awakening him to social injustice and influencing him.

8. GANDHIJI TACTICS Gandhi employed non-cooperation, non-violence and peaceful resistance as his " weapons“. Even in Punjab, in Jallianwala Bagh massacre of civilians by British troops caused deep trauma to the nation, leading to increased public anger and acts of violence. Gandhi criticized both the actions of the British Raj and the retaliatory violence of Indians. When he was arrested, he continued his non-violent protest through hunger strikes.

9. THE INDIAN STRUGGLE Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha: One of his major achievements in 1918 were the   Champaran and Kheda agitations – a movement against British landlords.     Khilafat Movement: Gandhiji  in the year 1919 approached Muslims, as he found the position of  Congress   was quite weak and unstable.  Khilafat Movement  is all about the worldwide protest against the status of  Caliph  by Muslims.   Quit India Movement: This was a civil disobedience movement launched in the year 1942. The  Do or Die  phrase was applied here where a mass protest led by the  All India Congress Committee  was proclaimed on a large scale.

10. JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar   massacre. On 13 April 1919, a crowd of  nonviolent  protesters, along with Baishakhi pilgrims, had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh to protest against the arrest of two leaders The army fired on the crowd for ten minutes, directing bullets towards open gates. The figures released by the British government were 370 dead and 1200 wounded. Other sources place the number dead at well over 1000 .

11. Non-Cooperation MOVEMENT Gandhi ji ’s main motive was to establish non-cooperation, non-violence and made this non-violent movements as his weapons against Britishers. We are all aware about the  Jallianwala Bagh massacre, where hundreds of innocent died. Gandhi ji ’s strong decision took actions against British Raj and then he began to focus on forming self-government and soon establish Swaraj. And hence, non-cooperation was well established. Further even the  no nonviolence   movement included Swadeshi.

12. Untouchability On September 20, 1932 Mahatma Gandhi, who was in Yeravda Jail, went on a fast as a protest against the segregation of the so-called "untouchables"  T emples , wells and public places were thrown open to the "untouchables ". A new organization, Harijan Sevak Sangh was founded to combat untouchability. A new weekly paper, the Harijan, was started. Harijan was Gandhi’s name for the " untouchables “

13. SWADESHI The Swadeshi movement started with the partition of Bengal in   1905 and continued up to 1911. It was the most successful of the pre-Gandhi movements .    Swadeshi was a key focus of  Mahatma Gandhi, who described it as the soul of S waraj  (self rule ). Gandhi , at the time of the actual movement, remained loyal to the  British Crown.

14. WHEEL OF TIME The Charkha is the symbol of non-violence. An instrument which spun the destiny of the country and symbolised his identification with the poor. He spun his own yarn and made his own cloth. He encouraged others to do the same and not buying imported British material And his constant companion, the spinning wheel, remained with him wherever he went,

15. SALT SATYAGRAHA Salt March  was an active movement carried out in the year  1930. Salt march mainly known as Salt Satyagraha which began with Dandi march in the year 1930. This movement was an essential part of Indian Independence movement and non-violent resistance against tax. On the 24th day, he vowed to produce more salt without paying any tax and soon he broke the law for salt .

16. PARTITION Gandhiji had serious doubts on the decision of partition. It was decided to divide India into two separate countries India and Pakistan. To avoid the Hindu - Muslim riots. Gandhiji was strongly against this idea, but was forced to agree because of the threat of civil war.

17. ASSASSINATION Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, better known as  Mahatma Gandhi, was assassinated on 30 January 1948, shot at close range by  Nathuram Godse. Gandhi was outside on the steps of a building where a  prayer meeting  was going to take place. He was surrounded by a part of his family and some followers when three gunshots killed him. Prior to his death, there had been five unsuccessful attempts to kill Gandhi, the first occurring in 1934.

18. IMPACT ON OTHERS People deeply inspired and motivated by Mahatma Gandhi’s teaching and followed his principles : a) Barack Obama b) Martin Luther King c) Steve Jobs d) Albert Einstein e) Nelson Mandela

19. BIBLOGRAPHY www.socialchangenow.ca/mypages/gandhi www.gardenofpraise.com/ibdgandhi