Major phylum in Animal Kingdom.pptx

A presentation for BSC biology semester 1 students. This rich presentation is about major phylum in animal kingdom, each phylum is explained in detail with their general characterstics. Can be used for presenting in college or school, teaching, learning, etc.

1. General Characteristics of Major Phyla in the Animal Kingdom By Siddharth Sirvaiya BSC CBZ sem1 Assignment - Zoology

2. Introduction Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular, species belonging to the Kingdom Animalia. Every animal has its own unique characteristics. They obtain their energy either by feeding on plants or on other animals. There are millions of species which have been identified, few share similar characteristics while others differ drastically. Another important feature is that they have a heterotrophic mode of nutrition, which means that they cannot make their own food.

3. Classification of Animals

4. Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Animalia constitutes all animals. Amongst the five kingdoms, the largest kingdom is the animal kingdom. Animals are multicellular eukaryotes. However, like plants, they do not possess chlorophyll or a cell wall. Therefore, members of the animal kingdom exhibit a heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Kingdom Animalia has been classified into ten different subphyla based on their body design or differentiation. The different phylum of the animal kingdom are listed ahead.

5. Phylum Porifera This group of animals is probably considered as the oldest animal group. They are also called as Sponges. These are by far the simplest multicellular animals. Even though they are multicellular, they do not have any tissues or organs. Sponges live in an aquatic habitat as they have to have an intimate contact with water. Water plays a major role in the feeding, exchange of gases and as well as excretion.  The body of the sponges has many holes or pores called ostia. The body structure of sponges is designed in such a way that water moves through the body, where it can filter out food and also absorb the dissolved oxygen, along with eliminating waste material.

6. Characteristic Features of Phylum Porifera

7. Glass Sponge Calcareous sponge Demosponge Some examples of organisms in phylum porifera

8. Phylum Cnidaria These are typically invertebrate animals, which show a very simple level tissue organisation . They are aquatic animals and are mostly found in marine environments, attached to the rocks at the bottom of the ocean. A few species are also found in freshwater habitats. Coelenterates can be found solitarily or in colonies. You can find them sedentary or free swimming. Coelenterates can be called as the simplest animal group that has true tissues and have the characteristic coelenteron or the gastrovascular cavity.

9. Characteristic Features of Phylum Coelenterata

10. Box jellyfish Sea anemone Immortal Jellyfish Some examples of organisms in phylum cnidaria

11. Phylum Platyhelminthes Platyhelminthes are commonly known as flatworms or tapeworms. They are a group of soft-bodied invertebrate animals. As a matter of fact, there are around 20,000 species of these animals. A few of these live as parasites on humans and other animals. Furthermore, it is because of this parasitic nature that they do cause some amount of trouble for the host animal. A few species belonging to this phylum can be a major cause of certain diseases. For example, Schistosomiasis, or bilharzia or bilharziasis, is a disease caused by these parasitic flatworms. They belong to the family Schistosomatidae .

12. Characteristic features of Phylum Platyhelminthes

13. Tapeworms Turbellaria Rhabditophora Some examples of organisms in phylum Platyhelminthes

14. Phylum Nematoda Aschelminths can be free-living or parasitic. The free-living organisms are extremely abundant in soils and sediments and they feed on bacteria. While some others are plant parasites and can cause disease in crops that are economically important. The others are parasites that can be found in animals and human beings.  Some of the parasitic worms include hookworms, pinworms, Guinea worms, and intestinal roundworms.

15. Characteristic features of Phylum Aschelminthes

16. Root-knot nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Ascaris lumbricoides Some examples of organisms in phylum nematoda

17. Phylum Annelida Having over 17,000 species, Phylum Annelida is a large phylum. Annelids are also known as ringworms or segmented worms. They exist in various environments including marine waters, fresh waters and also in moist terrestrial areas. The size of the annelids can range from a few millimeters to an amazing three meter in length. The Australian earthworm measures around 3 meters. Furthermore, some species from this phylum exhibit some unique shapes and brilliant colours .

18. Characteristics of Phylum Annelida

19. Bobbit worm Leech Earthworm Some examples of organisms in phylum Annelida

20. Phylum Arthropoda Arthropods are joint-legged animals and you must have come across a few of these animals. Some prominent ones include insects, spiders, ants, bees, crabs, shrimps, millipedes, centipedes etc. Scientifically speaking, they all come under the Animal Kingdom under phylum Arthropoda. The success of the arthropods can mainly be attributed to the presence of exoskeleton, which makes them versatile, is protective in nature and also allows flexibility and mobility. You can see arthropods living on land and in water. They are also a source of food for many animals and human beings too!

21. Characteristic features of Phylum Arthropoda

22. Scorpion Crustacean Bees Some examples of organisms in phylum arthopoda

23. Phylum Mollusca Many organisms belonging to this phylum have a calciferous shell. The bodies are generally very soft and are covered by the hard exoskeleton. They can be found in terrestrial regions as well as in the depths of the seas. You will be amazed to know that the size of the molluscans can range from 20 metres to one millimetre , with a few microscopic animals too. These animals continue to have an important role in the lives of humans.

24. Characteristic Features of Phylum Mollusca

25. Cephalopod Gastropods Cuttlefish Some examples of organisms in phylum mollusca

26. Phylum Echinodermata Echinodermata may look morphologically (structure and form) dissimilar at a glance, but they all share the same characteristic features. These animals have some really unique shapes and have beautiful colours . They are important ecologically and geologically, as they provide valuable clues about the geological environment. Did you know that they can regenerate limbs? When a starfish, with five arms, losses one arm, it has the capacity to regenerate the lost arm. This regeneration can take any time between several months to years, as the wound has to heal and then only are the new cells regenerated.

27. Characteristic Features of Phylum Echinodermata

28. Sea cucumber Brittle stars Sea urchins Some examples of organisms in phylum Echinodermata

29. Phylum Chordata This phylum is probably the most notable phylum, as all human beings and other animals and birds that are known to you, fall under this phylum. The most distinguishing character that all animals belonging to this phylum have is the presence of notochord. It will surprise you but this phylum is a very diverse phylum, with about 43,000 species. Most of these organisms can be found in the subphylum Vertebrata. In the animal kingdom, this is considered as the third largest phylum.

30. Characteristic Features of Phylum Chordata

31. Some examples of organisms in phylum chordate

32. Conclusion the animal kingdom stands as a testament to the incredible diversity that exists within the natural world. From the foundational simplicity of organisms in Phylum Porifera to the sophisticated complexity observed in Chordates, the spectrum of life within this kingdom is vast and awe-inspiring. The vast array of body plans, modes of reproduction, and ecological adaptations showcase the remarkable adaptability and resilience of life on Earth.

33. References