Malaria disease

This presentation gives us some information about MALARIA ,how it can affect badly on health individual & methods of avoiding it

1. Malaria Disease By: Norhan Ahmed Faculty of Medicine EGYPT

2. Geographical Distribution Most commonly found in Africa, India, South& central America

3. Mode Of Transmission All species are transmitted by the bite of an infective female Anopheles mosquito. Occasionally, transmission by blood transfusion ,needle sharing or from mother to fetus

4. Malaria species: Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium malaria Plasmodium ovale

5. Life cycle & pathogenesis You get malaria from a bite by an infected female mosquito. This bite injects malaria-causing parasites( sporozoites ) into your blood ,where they travel to liver cells . In the liver cells , sporozoites transformed into merozoites that leave liver and invade RBCs

6. Life cycle & pathogenesis By repeated erythrocytic schizonogy cycles , merozoites transformed into gametes which is infective for mosquito When mosquito gets its blood meal from human who has malaria , gametes transported to it & fuse at its gut forming sporongy that raptures liberating sporozoites that go to salivary gland of mosquito and become ready to infect another human at its next blood meal

7. Life cycle & pathogenesis

8. Methods Of Diagnosis Clinical Methods:

9. Methods Of Diagnosis : Laboratory Methods By blood film : thin &thick film Rapid diagnosing tests (antigen testing) Molecular tests : PCR Antibody tests (serology)

10. Chemoprophylaxis for healthy human entering an endemic area: pyrimethamine or primaquine. Treatment . Recommended regimen for malaria treatment: During clinical attack : Radical treatment after clinical attack : ( P.vivax and P.ovale ) chloroquine or mefloquine. chloroquine. primaquine. Treatment of drug resistant cases : drug combination as Coartem (artemether and lumifantrine).

11. Prevention & Control For people travelling to malaria existing areas , should take anti- malaria before travelling Use mosquito repellent Stay in well –screened areas at night Treatment of patients