Manufacturing Industries Class 10

Manufacturing Industries class 10 CBSE geography

1. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES DONE BY : MR. ASWIN BABU X th

2. MANUFACTURING [email protected]

3. Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw material to more valuable product is known as manufacturing. Example: Sugar from sugarcane Cloth from cotton Paper from wood Iron from iron ore [email protected]

4. Need of Manufacturing Economic strength of a country is measured from the development of manufacturing industries. It is the backbone of our economy. They reduce the dependence of people on agriculture Providing jobs. Export of manufactured goods B ring foreign exchange Eradicates poverty and unemployment. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous. [email protected]

5. L O CA T I O N O F IND U S TR I ES Geographical factors Non-geographical factors Availability of raw materials Availability of water Good climate Availability of electricity Cheap and skilled labour Transport and communication facilities Market Capital investment Suitable govt. policies [email protected]

6. Raw material Main role Capital investment Ownership Bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods Agro based industries Mineral based industries Basic or key industries Consumer industries Small s cale industries Large scale industries Public Private Joint sector Cooperative sector Heavy industries Light industries INDUSTRY [email protected]

7. ON THE BASIS OF SOURCE OF RAW MATERIAL Agro based Use agricultural raw materials Cotton, wool, jute, silk textile, rubber and sugar, tea, coffee etc.. Mineral based Use minerals as raw materials. Iron and steel, cement, aluminum, machine tools etc… [email protected]

8. According to their main role Basic/key industries: Supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods. E.g.: iron and steel and copper smelting, aluminum smelting. Consumer Industries: Produce goods for direct use by consumers E.g.: sugar, toothpaste, paper, fans etc… [email protected]

9. ON THE BASIS OF CAPITAL INVESTMENT Small scale Industries: If the investment is less than one crore , then it is known as small scale i ndustry. Run by less number of people. E.g. khandasari , gur etc… L arge scale Industries: If the investment is more than one crore , then it is known as large scale industry. Labours are more. E.g.: cotton textile industry [email protected]

10. On the basis of ownership 1. Public Sector: Owned and operated by government agencies. E.g.: BHEL, SAIL etc… 2. Private Sector: Owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. E.g.: TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd. Dabur industries [email protected]

11. 3. Joint sector: The industries which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. E.g.: Oil India Limited[OIL] is jointly owned by public and private sector. 4. Cooperative sector: Industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. They pool in the resources and share the profits or losses proportionately E.g.: sugar industry in Maharashtra, the coir industry in Kerala [email protected]

12. Based on the bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods Heavy industries Light industries Heavy industries use heavy & bulky raw materials & produce heavy materials. E.g. Iron & steel Industry Light industries use light raw materials & produce light materials. E.g. Electric fans, watches, sewing machines etc. [email protected]

13. AGRO BASED INDUSTRIES

14. The first cotton textile mill was set up in Mumbai in 1854. The cotton textile is mainly located in Maharashtra and Gujarat. Because Availability of raw cotton as black cotton soil is present. Good transport facilities including port facilities. Availability of labour Good moist climate Main exports: Japan, U.S.A, U.K, France, Sri Lanka, Nepal, East European Countries etc… Cotton textile is produced by three methods in India: a) Handloom, b) Power-looms and c) Mills Cotton textile industry involves ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, tailoring and packaging to produce readymade garments. Cotton textile [email protected]

15. Challenges to cotton Textile industry Scarcity of good quality cotton Main cotton growing area went to P akistan during division Old machinery Erratic power supply Low output from labour Tough competition from synthetic fibres. [email protected]

16. [email protected]

17. Cotton textile mills in I ndia [email protected]

18. Jute Textiles

19. India is largest producer of raw jute and jute goods. There are about 70 jute mills in our country. First jute mill was setup in Rishra [Kolkata] in 1859. Jute is used in making rope, bags, carpets etc. Most of the jute mills are located along Hugli River in West Bengal. Because Raw jute is available for West B engal. Inexpensive water transport A good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills Abundant water for processing raw jute Cheap labour from W est B engal and adjoining states of B ihar, O rissa and U ttar P radesh. Kolkata as a large urban centre provides banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods. [email protected]

20. Challenges faced by jute industry Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. Solution In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare. [email protected]

21. SUGAR INDUSTRY [email protected]

22. India stands second as a world producer of sugar. India occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari . The raw material used in this industry is bulky. It is the 2 nd largest agro based industry after cotton. In 2010-11 there were over 662 sugar mills in the country spread over Uttar P radesh, B ihar, M aharashtra, K arnataka, T amil N adu, A ndhra P radesh, G ujarat, P unjab, H aryana and M adhya P radesh. Most of the mills are near the sugar cultivated areas. [email protected]

23. Include the seasonal nature of the industry Old and inefficient methods of production Transport delay in reaching cane to factories Need to maximise the use of bagasse. MAJOR CHALLENGES [email protected]

24. SUGAR INDUSTRY IS SHIFTING FROM NORTHERN TO SOUTHERN INDIA. WHY? Earlier UP and Bihar were the main producer of sugarcane. Therefore, most of the sugar mills were located in these two states only. But now, sugar mills are shifting towards Maharashtra and Karnataka because of following reasons. Per hectare production of sugarcane is higher in southern India. Black soil is quite suitable for cultivation of sugarcane. Sucrose content in the sugarcane is higher in Maharashtra and Karnataka. It means more sugar can be produced for less sugarcane. Mills and machines are new in southern states. New and modern machines increase the productivity. Crushing season for sugarcane is longer in southern states. Cooperative sugar mills are running successfully in southern states. [email protected]

25. MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES [email protected]

26. MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES Iron and steel industry Aluminium smelting Chemical industries Fertiliser industries Cement industries Automobile industries Information technology and electronics industry [email protected]

27. [email protected]

28. This industry is called as basic industry because it provide raw material to many other industries such as machine an tools, transport equipment, construction material etc. It is also called as heavy industry because raw materials [iron ore, coal, limestone] are bulky in nature. Most of the steel plants are located in Chottanagpur region. Today steel industries in India are facing many problems: High cost of production Limited availability of coking coal Low productivity of labour Irregular supply of energy Raw materials are found only in a certain pocket of India. Poor infrastructure like transport and communication etc. [email protected]

29. Why is the iron and steel industry located in peninsular India only? Good and more raw materials : Large quantities of quality iron and steel is available in peninsular India. Power resources : coal, oil and water power are available in peninsular India. Skilled labour : Cheap and skilled labour is available .it can be also had from Bihar Orissa, West Bengal and M.P. Besides skilled labour is also locally available. Nearness to market : large indigenous markets are available in Peninsular India. P ort facilities are available for the export of iron and steel manufactured goods. [email protected]

30. [email protected]

31. Aluminium smelting is the second most important metallurgical industry in India. It is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, malleable and becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals. It is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils and wires. It has gained popularity as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number of industries. Aluminium smelting plants in the country are located in Odisha, West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. In 2008-09 India produced over 15.29 lakh million tonnes of aluminium. Bauxite, the raw material used in the smelters is a very bulky, dark reddish coloured rock. Regular supply of electricity and an assured source of raw material at minimum cost are the two prime factors for location of the industry. [email protected]

32. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY [email protected]

33. The Chemical industry in India is fast growing and diversifying. It contributes approximately 3 per cent of the GDP. It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the twelfth place in the world in term of its size. It comprises both large and small scale manufacturing units. The chemical industry is its own largest consumer. Because, Basic chemicals undergo processing to further produce other chemicals that are used for industrial application, agriculture or directly for consumer markets. Two types: organic and inorganic chemicals. [email protected]

34. Organic chemicals I nclude petrochemicals, which are used for manufacturing of synthetic fibres, synthetic rubber, plastics, dye-stuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals. Organic chemical plants are located near oil refineries or petrochemical plants . Inorganic chemicals I nclude sulphuric acid (used to manufacture fertilisers, synthetic fibres, plastics, adhesives, paints, dyes stuffs), nitric acid, alkalis, soda ash (used to make glass, soaps and detergents, paper) and caustic soda. These industries are widely spread over the country . [email protected]

35. FERTILISER INDUSTRY [email protected]

36. The first fertilizer plant in India was setup at Ranipat in Tamil Nadu in 1906. The fertiliser industry is centred around the production of nitrogenous fertilisers. At present, there are 10 public sector undertakings and one in cooperative sector at Hazira in Gujarat under the Fertiliser Corporation of India. [email protected]

37. Distribution: Gujarat , Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala produce more than half of the total fertilizer production in India. Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are other important producers. Because of the easy availability of natural gas the fertilizer industry is widely spread in the country. Production: India produces about 1 million tones of nitrogenous, 4 million tones of phosphatic and 1.7 million tones of potassic fertilizers. The country is required to import potassium from abroad. [email protected]

38. CEMENT INDUSTRY [email protected]

39. Cement is essential for construction activity such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams and for other commercial establishments. This industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum. Coal and electric power are needed apart from rail transportation. The first cement plant was set up In Chennai in 1904. POPULAR CEMENT COMPANIES IN INDIA [email protected]

40. AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY [email protected]

41. FAMOUS AUTOMOBILE COMPANIES IN WORLD

42. Automobiles provide vehicle for quick transport of good services and passengers . Trucks, buses, cars, motor cycles, scooters, three-wheelers and multi-utility vehicles are manufactured in India at various centres. The industry is located around Delhi, Gurgaon, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bengaluru. [email protected]

43. The continuing growth in the hardware and software is the key to the success of IT industry in India. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY [email protected]

44. [email protected]

45. The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, pagers, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other equipments required by the telecommunication industry. Bangalore has emerged as the electronic capital of India . Other important centres for electronic goods are Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow and Coimbatore. By 2010-11 (STPI) Software Technology Parks of India have come up across 46 locations at different centres of India. A major impact of this industry has been on employment generation . It is encouraging to know that 30 per cent of the people employed in this sector are women. [email protected]

46. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION [email protected]

47. Air pollution is caused by the emission of CO2, Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur Dioxide etc. Chimneys of the industries produce heat leading to Global Warming and Green House Effect. Use of CFC in various industrial products depletes ozone layer which filters ultraviolet rays of the sun. Air pollution affects the human health of humans, animals and plants alike and also causes damages to buildings. AIR POLLUTION [email protected]

48. Water pollution: Dumping of organic and inorganic industrial waste into water bodies pollute the water. Water pollution is also caused by the discharge of the untreated chemical wastes like dyes, detergents, a cids, heavy metals like lead and mercury, plastics, fertilisers etc… Industries which produce paper, pulp, chemical, leather, acids, dyes, fertilizers etc. generate lots of toxic waste which kills the aquatic life . [email protected]

49. Thermal pollution Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.

50. NOISE POLLUTION High intensity sound generated by running machines, siren, drilling, fans etc… leads to noise pollution. It causes irritation, hearing impairment, heart attack etc. among the nearby people. [email protected]

51. CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION Minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation. Secondary treatment by biological process Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater . Noise absorbing materials may be used. [email protected]

52. National Thermal Power Corporation Limited NTPC [email protected]

53. NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification for EMS [environment management system] 14001. The corporation has a pro-active approach for preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil and gas and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants. This has been possible through- Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment. Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation. Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation. Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management . Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations .

54. Thanks By master Aswin Babu [email protected]