Map Reading Skills.pptx

Map is the pillar of foundation. it plays very significant role in our daily life to understand map.

1. A Lecture on Map Reading Skills Map is a foundation of knowledge Presented by: Abbas Hyder (Lecturer in Geography)

2. An important tool used to study geography is a Map!

3. A Globe is helpful and informative too

4. What is a Map? The art of map - making is called  Cartography . A map is defined as a representation of the whole or a part of an area. Maps are usually prepared on a flat surface, but globes are also maps in that they represent the entire earth. We commonly use them to communicate graphic information about places to others. Maps are used for many purposes in daily life -- to help people navigate from place to place.

5. ESSENTIALS OF A MAP TITLE OF A MAP DIRECTION OF MAP SCALE OF MAP MAP PROJECTION LEGEND OR INDEX OF MAP

6. Scale Bar and Map Key The Equator Compass Rose Cardinal Directions Prime Meridian Longitude Latitude Map reading is a life skill, with a vocabulary all its own!

7. Cardinal Directions are North , East , South and West .

8. Cardinal Directions are shown on a map as a compass rose .

9. The scale bar helps reading the map. It shows distance between any two places. Scale sizes change based on the map.

10. Large Scale Map: Large Amount of detail, can show on a small area.

11. Small Scale Map: Small Amount of detail, can show on a large area.

12. The map key (or legend) helps identify features on a map. Popular map keys show elevation, terrain population, religions, and more.

13. Map Projection

14. Latitude and Longitude are measured by degrees DEGREES To help locate places on a map, we use lines of latitude and longitude

15. Latitude: is shown on a map as a horizontal line. Lines of Latitude are parallel lines . They go around, but never intersect each other.

16. The Equator is a line of latitude which is the midway point between the northern and southern hemispheres

17. Longitude: is a vertical lines drawn on a globe or map. The long lines goes top to bottom. Lines of Longitude measure distance in East to West direction

18. Meridian is a line of longitude Prime Meridian is zero degree longitude, the first line of longitude

19. Latitude and Longitude work together on a map or globe to find exact locations .

20. It may look like this

21. Or it may look like this

22. 1. Place 1 on the Equator . Place 1A North of the Equator . Place 1B South of the Equator . 2. The degree of Longitude which goes through the center of North America ______, South America ____. 3. The degree of Latitude which goes through the center of Asia ______, Africa ____. 4. Place an X on the map where 40  North Latitude and 70  East Longitude meet (intersect). 5. Place an O where 20  South Latitude and 40  West Longitude meet (intersect). Class Drill:

23. Components of a map A map should include the following components namely,  the title, scale, direction, grid system, projection, legend,  conventional signs and symbols. TITLE OF MAP It indicates the purpose or theme of the map. Example: Pakistan – Physical, World – Political, Islamabad – Transport . Scale Scale makes it possible to reduce the size of the whole earth to show it on a piece of paper.  A scale is a ratio between the actual distance on the map to the actual distance on the ground.

24. Components of a map Direction Maps are drawn normally with north orientation. North direction in a map is always towards the North Pole of the earth Grid System The location of a place can be simply defined by its latitude and longitude. In normal practice, latitude is stated first and then comes the longitude. The latitude and  longitude of a place can be expressed in units of  degree, minutes and seconds . Map Projection A map projection is a way of showing the spherical shaped earth on a flat piece of paper. Legend The legend of a map helps to understand the map details which are placed at the left or right corner at the bottom of the map.

25. The following color codes are used with map symbols 1.        Brown :  land or earth features - contour lines, eroded areas, prominent rock outcrops, sand areas and dunes, secondary or gravel roads. 2. Light Blue:   water features - canals, coastlines, dams, lakes, marshes, swamps and levees, ponds, rivers and water towers. 3. Dark Blue :  national waterways 4. Green :  vegetation features - cultivated fields, golf courses, nature and game reserve boundaries, orchards and vineyards, recreation grounds, woodland 5. Black:  construction features - roads, tracks, railways, buildings, bridges, cemeteries, communication towers, dam walls, excavations and mine dumps, telephone lines, power lines, wind pumps, boundaries 6. Red:   construction features - national, arterial and main roads, light houses and marine lights 7. Pink :  international boundaries