Martha rogers theory

a science of unitary human being

1. C.M PATEL COLLEGE OF NURSING GANDHINAGAR SUBJECT:ADVANCE NURSING PRACTICE

2. Martha Roger’s theory Presented by: Ankita.M . Patel First year M.sc Nursing C.M.P College of Nursing

3. Introduction of theorist Born :May 12, 1914, Dallas, Texas, USA Diploma : Knoxville General Hospital School of Nursing(1936) Graduation in Public Health Nursing : George Peabody College, 1937 MA :Teachers college, Columbia university, New York, 1945 MPH :Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1952 Doctorate in nursing : Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1954 Position: Professor at Division of Nursing, New York University and Consultant, Speaker Died : March 13 , 1994

4. Publications of Martha Rogers Theoretical basis of nursing (Rogers 1970) Nursing science and art :a prospective (Rogers 1988) Nursing :science of unitary, irreducible, human beings ( Rogers 1990) Vision of space based nursing (Rogers 1990)

5. Introduction of theory The belief of the coexistence of the human and the environment has greatly influenced the process of change toward better health. In short, a patient can’t be separated from his or her environment when addressing health and treatment.

6. This view lead and opened  Martha E. Rogers ‘ theory, known as the  “Science of Unitary Human Beings,”  which allowed nursing to be considered one of the scientific disciplines Rogers repeatedly stated that she did not create a "theory" but rather an abstract system, a science, from which many theories may be derived.

7. cont… The science of unitary human beings comprises of five assumption , four major concepts and three major principles Major concepts are : Energy field, openness, pattern, and pan dimensionality Major principles include resonancy , helicy and integrity. It is also known as homeodynamic principles.

8. Assumptions

9. Energy field It is inevitable part of life. Human and environment both have energy field which is open i.e. energy can freely flow between human and environment

10. Openness There is no boundary or barrier that can inhibit the flow of energy between human and environment which leads to the continuous movement or matter of energy.

11. Pattern Pattern is defined as the distinguishing characteristic of an energy field perceived as a single waves "pattern is an abstraction and it gives identity to the field"

12. Pan dimensionality Pan dimensionality is defined as "non linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes" Human being are pan dimensional being and have more than three dimension.

13. Homeodynamic principles Homeodynamics refers to the balance between the dynamic life process and environment. These principles help to view human as unitary human being. Three principle of homeodynamics Resonancy Helicy integrality

14. 1. Resonancy Wave patterns are continuously changing in environmental and human energy fields. 2. Helicy The nature of change is unpredictable, continuous, and an innovative. 3. Integrality Energy fields of humans and environment are in a continuous mutual process.

15. Roger’s theory and nursing metaparadigm

16. 1. Unitary Human Being (person) A unitary human being is open systems which continuously interact with environment. A person cannot be viewed as parts, it should be considered as a whole. 2. Environment It includes the entire energy field other than a person. These energy fields are irreducible, not limited by space and time, identified by its pattern and organization.

17. 3. Health Not clearly defined by Rogers. It is determined by the interaction between energy fields i.e. human and environments. Bad interaction or misplacing of energy leads to illness. 4. Nursing Nursing exists to serve people. Nursing is both science and art. It is the direct and overriding responsibility to the society

18. Application of Roger’s theory in nursing

19. Clinical practice Nursing action is always focused on unitary human being and change the energy field between human and environment. Nursing action include all non-invasive actions such as guided imaginary, humor, therapeutic touch, music etc. which are used to increase the potential of human field. The more importance should be on the management of pain, supportive therapy and rehabilitation.

20. Example in nursing care plan: Ritu 22 years old female was admitted in psychiatric hospital with severe depression secondary to diagnosis of ovarian malignancy. She became tearfull while history taking. Ritu was accompanied by her husband and 1 year old child. Her husband appear anxious but supportive. Ritu was diagnosed with ovarian cancer 2 month ago and underwent surgery for same. From past three week ritu started sitting alone, decreased activity of daily living, repeated crying spells, decreased talk, decreased sleep, neglecting her child care, and also attempted suicide.

21. Nursing education Emphasis should be given on the understanding of the patient and self, energy field and environment. Example : Training should lay more focus on teaching non-invasive modalities such as therapeutic touch, meditation, humor, regular in service education programme etc.

22. Research Rogerian theory has been used in many research works and has always found testable and applicable in research. Example:- A study to assess the effectiveness of music therapy on stress reduction among postmenopausal women residing in Hudco Colony, Coimbatore

23. A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Yoga Therapy in Reducing Stress among Primary Care Givers of Psychiatric Patients.

24. Strengths Rogers’ concepts provide a worldview from which nurses may derive theories and hypotheses and propose relationships specific to different situations. Rogers’ theory is not directly testable due to lack of concrete hypotheses, but it is testable in principle.

25. Weaknesses Overall this theory is considered as very complex concept and quite difficult to understand. Rogers’ model does not define particular hypotheses or theories for it is an abstract, unified, and highly derived framework. Testing the concepts’ validity is questionable because its concepts are not directly measurable. The theory was believed to be profound, and was too ambitious because the concepts are extremely abstract. Rogers claimed that nursing exists to serve people; however, nurses’ roles were not clearly defined.

26. Summary and Conclusion The Science of Unitary Human Beings is highly generalizable as the concepts and ideas are not confined with a specific nursing approach unlike the usual way of other nurse theorists in defining the major concepts of a theory. Rogers gave much emphasis on how a nurse should view the patient. She developed principles which emphasizes that a nurse should view the client as a whole. Her statements, in general, made us believe that a person and his or her environment are integral to each other. That is, a patient can’t be separated from his or her environment when addressing health and treatment.

27. Bibliography: 1. Basavanthappa BT : “ NURSING THEORIES ” ; 1 ST Edition 2007 ; Jaypee brother publication ; New delhi . Page no : 273-285 2. Navdeep kaur brar , “ ADVANCE NURSING PRACTICE ”; 1 st edition, 2015; jaypee brother publications, new delhi ; p.p-615 - 623. 3. Potter and perry : “ FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING ”; 7 TH edition; Elsevier publication, Nodia . Page no: 66-68. 4. Samta soni , “ TEXTBOOK OF ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE ”; 1 st edition, 2013; Jaypee publications, new delhi.p.p – 277-285 5. Taylor carol : “ FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING ” ; 5 TH edition RP 2006 ; published by wolters kluwer health pvt Ltd , New delhi . Page no: 77- 81.

28. Websites : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Martha _E._ Rogers nurseslabs.com/ martha -e- rogers - theory -unitary-human-beings www.nursing- theory .org/ theories -and.../roger- theory -of-unitary-human-beings.php nursing theories .weebly.com/ martha - rogers .html nsq.sagepub.com/content/1/2/50.refs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAUyDMIhjyg martharogerstheory .blogspot.com/2012/03/ martha -e- rogers -science-of-unitary.html