MATERI SACIENC KELAS 6 UNIT 10 MPAH_PPT6_U10.pptx

Materi science kelas 6 unit 10

1. My Pals are Here! Science International (2nd Edition) GRADE 6

2. UNIT 10 NATURAL DISASTERS

3. At the end of these sections , you should be able to answer the following questions : What are natural disasters? What is a typhoon and what are its effects?   10.1 What Are Natural Disasters?

4. 10.1 What Are Natural Disasters? What are natural disasters? Natural disasters are major destructive events resulting from natural processes of the Earth. We cannot control natural disasters but we can be better prepared to avoid getting hurt. To do that, we need to know the warning signs before natural disasters approach.

5. 10.2 What Are Typhoons? What are typhoons? Typhoons are huge rotating storms with high-speed winds.  They form above warm waters in tropical areas. How do we detect a typhoon? Satellites help us to track typhoons.

6. 10.2 What Are Typhoons? What are the effects of typhoons? During typhoons, high-speed winds can destroy everything in their path.  Trees can be uprooted, and buildings can be damaged.  The strong winds can lift things and carry them as far as hundreds of kilometres away.

7. 10.2 What Are Typhoons? When typhoons move towards land, they can result in huge waves in the ocean.  Typhoons can cause flooding, which can encourage the spread of water-borne diseases.

8. At the end of this section , you should be able to answer the following questions: 10.3 What Are Volcanic Eruptions? What is a volcano? What is a volcanic eruption and what are its effects?

9. 10.3 What Are Volcanic Eruptions? A volcano is a mountain that has an opening for molten rock and gas beneath the Earth to escape. What is a volcano?

10. 10.3 What Are Volcanic Eruptions? What is beneath the Earth? Core The core is made up of a solid inner core and a liquid outer core.  It is extremely hot. core

11. mantle 10.3 What Are Volcanic Eruptions? Mantle The mantle contains magma. Magma is rock that has melted due to the high temperature inside the Earth.

12. crust 10.3 What Are Volcanic Eruptions? Crust The crust is made up of plates that lie on the mantle.  The heat from the mantle causes the plates to move towards or away from one another.  The movement of the plates creates volcanoes.

13. 10.3 What Are Volcanic Eruptions? How does a volcanic eruption occur? 1. Volcanoes erupt when the pressure and temperature in the Earth’s mantle become high. The hot magma is forced out of the volcano through the crater. 2. When the magma shoots out of the volcano vent, we say that an eruption has occurred. Magma, after it leaves the vent, is known as lava. A volcanic eruption occurs when magma from the Earth’s mantle is thrown out of a volcano.

14. 10.3 What Are Volcanic Eruptions? How do we detect a volcanic eruption? We can predict a volcanic eruption using a seismometer. It measures seismic waves caused by shaking of the Earth or the shaking of the ground due to moving magma. Satellites can be used to observe the gas emission from or around the volcano. Seismometer

15. 10.3 What Are Volcanic Eruptions? What are the effects of volcanic eruptions? Volcanic eruptions can lead to other natural disasters such as earthquakes, mudslides and floods. The smoke and ash produced can cause breathing difficulties.  The lava thrown out of the volcano can cause great damage to people, animals, plants, homes and anything in its path. 

16. Research How are an active volcano, a dormant volcano and an extinct volcano different? Find out. 10.3 What Are Volcanic Eruptions?

17. At the end of these sections , you should be able to answer the following questions: What is an earthquake and what are its effects? What is a tsunami and what are its effects? 10.4 What Are Earthquakes?

18. 10.4 What Are Earthquakes? What are earthquakes? An earthquake is the sudden violent shaking of the Earth’s surface.  What causes earthquakes? fault Earthquakes are usually caused when the Earth’s crust breaks along a fault. When the pieces of the Earth’s crust along a fault move and slide past each other, an earthquake can occur.

19. 10.4 What Are Earthquakes? How do we detect an earthquake? Currently, we are unable to predict when an earthquake will occur. Changes in physical environment such as changes in land height above sea level and changes in the ground water may give us a clue, but most earthquakes do not have such obvious signs.

20. 10.4 What Are Earthquakes? How do we measure the magnitude of an earthquake? Richter scale We use the Richter scale to tell the magnitude of an earthquake.  The Richter scale ranges from 0 to 10. 

21. 10.4 What Are Earthquakes? What are the effects of earthquakes? Ground shaking Ground cracking Landslides Damaged buildings Huge ocean waves or tsunamis Tsunami caused by an earthquake

22. Explore Do earthquakes occur where you live? Why?  Discuss with your classmates. 10.4 What Are Earthquakes?

23. 10.5 What Are Tsunamis? What are tsunamis? A tsunami is a series of giant waves of water that come in from the ocean. 

24. 10.5 What Are Tsunamis? How do we detect a tsunami? The warning system is made up of a network of sensors to detect tsunamis and earthquakes, and a communication system to issue warning alarms.  Tsunamis can be detected by the tsunami warning system.  Tsunami warning system

25. 10.5 What Are Tsunamis? What are the effects of tsunami? Tsunamis can destroy homes and human lives. Tsunamis can destroy homes of animals, which affects the ecosystem. Ruins and flooded areas caused by tsunamis can lead to the spread of diseases. Ruins after a tsunami

26. Language Connect Write five sentences to describe how you would feel if you experienced a tsunami. 10.5 What Are Tsunamis?

27. At the end of this section , you should be able to answer the following question: How do we stay safe before, during and after a natural disaster? 10.6 How Do We Stay Safe Before, During and After a Natural Disaster?

28. Have rain gear ready before a typhoon. What should we do to stay safe before, during and after a natural disaster? Before a natural disaster Stock up on food and water. Keep an evacuation kit with flashlights and battery-powered radios within reach.  Keep your mobile phone and portable chargers charged. Know your evacuation route. Check the weather report regularly. 10.6 How Do We Stay Safe Before, During and After a Natural Disaster?

29. During a natural disaster Escape to a safe place or an evacuation centre . Bring along your evacuation kit, mobile phone and portable charger. Lower your body, cover your head and neck with your hands, and hide under a table during an earthquake. 10.6 How Do We Stay Safe Before, During and After a Natural Disaster?

30. After a natural disaster Stay indoors or in safe areas until the official announcement of clearance is made. Check for injuries and treat them immediately. Stay away from damaged buildings. Stay away from electrical cables to avoid being electrocuted. Avoid coming in contact with puddles of water after typhoons and tsunamis to prevent the spread of diseases. 10.6 How Do We Stay Safe Before, During and After a Natural Disaster?

31. Explore What other measures should we take after an earthquake or a tsunami to ensure our safety? Discuss with your classmates. 10.6 How Do We Stay Safe Before, During and After a Natural Disaster?

32. What We Have Learnt

33. Science Glossary Aftershock Earthquake that happens soon after an initial earthquake Fault Crack in the Earth’s crust Earthquake Sudden and violent shaking of the Earth’s surface that causes great destruction Lava Magma that has flowed out of the Earth’s crust Evacuate Removal of people or things from a dangerous location or a disaster area for safety reasons Magma Rock that has melted due to the high temperature inside the Earth

34. Science Glossary Magnitude Size, extent Seismic wave Vibration that travels through the Earth’s crust due to the sudden movement of the Earth’s crust Richter scale Standard scale used to show the magnitude of an earthquake Seismometer Instrument that records seismic waves to measure the magnitude of an earthquake and to predict volcanic eruptions Satellite Object that orbits the Earth, the Moon or another planet to collect information or for communication Tsunami Series of extremely large ocean waves that can cause great destruction

35. Science Glossary Typhoon Huge rotating storm with high-speed winds Volcanic eruption Throwing out of hot materials from the Earth’s mantle through a volcano Vent Opening in a volcano that allows magma to flow out Volcano Mountain that has an opening for molten rock and gas beneath the Earth to escape

36. Acknowledgements Slide 2, volcano © solarseven | 123rf.com Slide 4, destroyed building – ID 140868137 © Vvidworks | Dreamstime.com  Slide 5, typhoon © ronniechua | 123rf.com Slide 6, typhoon damage – ID 36233622 © Sandybronima | Dreamstime.com Slide 7, huge waves from typhoon – ID 103638368 © E.anne Harrison | Dreamstime.com  Slide 9, volcano © solarseven | 123rf.com Slides 10, 11 and 12, layers of the Earth – ID 97920754 © Vchalup | Dreamstime.com Slide 13, volcano – ID 100081305 © Elina Yakhontova | Dreamstime.com Slide 14, seismometer © route55 | 123rf.com Slide 15,  road covered by ash – ID 52520875 ©  Garudeya  | Dreamstime.com  Slide 21, tsunami © hulv850627 | 123rf.com  Slide 24, tsunami warning system ©  Artinun   Prekmoung  | 123rf.com Slide 25,  effects of tsunami © 0tvalo | 123rf.com  Slide 28, rain gear – ID 112532694 ©  Chernetskaya  | Dreamstime.com Slide 29, hiding under table – ID 150825123 ©  Rusma  Velayati | Dreamstime.com Slide 30,  effects of tsunami © 0tvalo | 123rf.com