Maths Quiz

Ansatz - The Mathematics Quiz was organized by RamanuGen - The Mathematics Quiz of Ramanujan College, Delhi University on 7th September.
Questions were designed by a team of three headed by Quiz Master "Amrit".

1. RamanuGen
The Mathematics Society
of Ramanujan College
presents
(The Mathematics Quiz)
https://www.facebook.com/ramanugen/
https://www.instagram.com/ramanugen/
The
Mathematics
Society

2. Ansatz
(The Mathematics Quiz)

3. Rules
•There are going to be two rounds: Preliminary and Final. First round is open to all. Six
teams will be screened from this round who will play in the finals.
•First round consists of 30 questions. Out of these 30 questions, 6 questions(namely
question number 5,10,15,20,25 and 30) are ??????-marked. They will be used to rank teams in
case of a tie.
•Participants are instructed to discuss questions only with their team mates (if any). Anyone
found cheating in any way will be immediately disqualified.
•Use of mobile phones or any other electronic devices are prohibited.
•Hints will be provided by the Quiz master at his discretion.
•All other unmentioned rules are at Quiz Master’s discretion.

4. Chaliye ham aur aap mil kay
khelete hai Ansatz !!!

5. FirstRound

6. 1.Fill in the blanks
The word “ Ansatz”
means
_________

7. ThewordAnsatzmeans“educatedguess”thatisverifiedlaterbyits
results.ThistermisoftenusedinMathematicsandPhysics.

8. 2.Thesymbol…(seriesof3dots)isoftenusedinmathematicsto
indicatecontinuationofalistinthesamemanner.
Fore.g.
1,2,3,…,100denotesthesequenceoffirst100naturalnumbers.
Whatisthissymbolcalled?

9. Ellipsis

10. 3._____________obtainedbothB.Sc(Hons)andM.Scdegreesfrom
RajasthanUniversity.HealsoholdsPhDinMathematicsfromRajasthan
University.
Heturnedauthorbysheeraccident.HewasdoinghisPhDfromRajasthan
Universitywhenaseniorteacherwhotaughtlinearalgebrapassedaway.
"TherewasavacuumbecausetherewasnostandardisedIndiantextbookfor
thesubject.Theonlybookthatcouldbeusedwasbyaforeignauthorandvery
expensive.Ihadscored100%inthesubject.SoIsteppedintowritemyfirst
bookin1986.Itwasnotonlyadoptedintheuniversitybutcontinuedtobe
usedforthenext10-11years,"hesaidinaninterview.
Heisalsotheauthorofafamouslineofmathematicsreferencebooks.
(Imageonthenextslide)(Extra1pointifyouwritethefullname)

12. Ravi Dutt Sharma (R.D Sharma)

13. 4.Fillintheblanks
__________wasanIranianmathematicianandaprofessorofmathematicsat
StanfordUniversity.
On13August2014,__________washonouredwiththeFieldsMedal,themost
prestigiousawardinmathematicsbecomingboththefirstwomanandthefirst
Iraniantobehonouredwiththeaward.Theawardcommitteecitedherworkin
"thedynamicsandgeometryofRiemannsurfacesandtheirmodulispaces".
On14July2017,__________diedofbreastcancerattheageof40.

14. X:Maryam Mirzakhani

15. 5.XwasaEuropeanmathematicianwhodidpioneeringworkinavariety
offields.Hismostfamousworkcanbestated,insimplewords,as“
Polynomialsofdegree5cannotsolvedinradicals”whichhepublished
in1824.
Hemadeoutstandingcontributionswhilelivinginpovertyanddiedatthe
youngageof26fromtuberculosis.
CharlesHermiteoncesaid“Xhasleftmathematiciansenoughtokeep
thembusyforfivehundredyears.”
Infact,thereisaveryfamousmathematicalprizenamedafterhim.
WhoisX?

16. Niels Henrik Abel
AbelPrize

17. 6.The house depicted in the picture is very a famous place. What is this
place?

18. ThisisthehouseofSrinivasaRamanujaninKumbakonam,wherehis
familyhadmovedafterhisbirth.ItisnowmaintainedastheSrinivasa
RamanujanInternationalMonument.

19. 7.Xis the name of Indian Journal of Statisticsand it is published by Y.
Identify Xand Y.

20. SankhyaisthenameofIndianJournalofStatisticsanditispublishedby
IndianStatisticalInstitute.
SankhyaispublishedintwoSeries.SeriesApublishespapersinProbability
andMathematicalStatisticsandappearsinFebruary,JuneandOctober.
SeriesBpublishespapersinStatisticalMethodsandAppliedStatistics
includingQuantitativeEconomicsandappearsinApril,Augustand
December.

21. 8.“ Corgito ergo sum ”
This is a Latin philosophical quotefrom X. Xis dubbed as the father of
modern western philosophyand is quite famous in mathematical world
for his contributions in co-ordinate geometry.
Who is Xand what this quote translates to in English ?

22. “ Corgito ergo sum ”
XisthefamousFrenchphilosopherRenéDescartesandthisquote
translatesto“Ithink,thereforeIam”.

23. 9.Fillintheblanks
Inlogic,reductioadabsurdumisaformofreasoningaimedateither
•establishingfalsityofastatementbyillustratingthatiteventuallyleads
toanabsurdstatement
•establishingtruthofastatementbyshowingthatifitwerenottrue,the
resultwouldbeabsurdorimpossible.
Thistechniquehasbeenusedthroughouthistoryinbothformal
mathematicalandphilosophicalreasoning.Thismethodispopularly
knownas_____________inmathematics.

24. MethodofContradiction

25. 10 .Fill in the blanks
Felix Klein and George Cantorare credited with putting forward the idea of
_________ in the 1890s. The first _________ was held in Zurichin August
1897.

26. International Congress of Mathematicians

27. 11.ThegreatIndianmathematicianSrinivasaRamanujandiedatayoung
ageof32.LoandbeholdhiswifeJanaki(Janakiammal)livedforquite
long.Whatwasheragewhenshedied?

28. Mrs.JanakiammalRamanujan,thewife
ofSrinivasaRamanujan,breathedherlast
onthemorningofApril13,1994,ather
residenceattheageof94.

29. 12.Originallythissign(oraplainline)wasusedin
ancientmanuscriptstomarkpassagesthatwere
suspectedofbeingcorruptedorspurious.Itisa
symbolresemblingasmalldagger.
Inmathematics,thissignismainlyusedtorepresent
theoperationofdivision.
Thissymbolwasfirstusedasasymbolfordivisionin
1659inthealgebrabook“TeutscheAlgebra”by
JohannRahn.
Whatisthenameofthissymbol?

30. The given symbol is called Obelus.

31. 13.TheSimpsonsisanAmericananimatedsitcomcreatedbyMatt
GroeningfortheFoxBroadcastingCompany.SinceitsdebutonDecember17,
1989,morethan600episodesofTheSimpsonshavebeenbroadcast.Itis
thelongest-runningAmericansitcom.
TheSimpsonsisfamousfordroppingbitsofmathematicsintheirshow.The
infamous"TreehouseofHorrorVI"episodepresentsthemostintensefive
minutesofmathematicseverbroadcasttoamassaudience.
Infact,amathematicianwroteabook“Simpsonsandtheirmathematical
secrets”describingthesebitsofmathematics.
Nextslideconsistofavideo.Thereissomethingmathematicallywrongwith
thisvideo.Identifywhatthatis?

32. Video at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZEZY92aBCY

33. Violation of Fermat’s Last Theorem.

34. 14.Fillintheblanks
_____________ispopularlyknownasfatherofIndianStatistics.Former
primeministerManmohanSingh,in____________'shonourdeclared
29
th
JuneastheNationalStatisticsDay.
(Extra1pointifyoucouldwritehisfullnamecorrectly)

35. PrasantaChandraMahalanobis/P.CMahalanobis

36. 15.XisafamousprobleminmathematicalanalysisfirstposedbyPietro
Mengoliin1644andwassolvedbyYin1734andreadon5December
1735inTheSaintPetersburgAcademyofSciences.Theproblembasically
asksfortheprecisevalueoffollowingsum.
1
1
2
+
1
2
2
+
1
3
2
+…
IdentifyXandY.
(Extra2pointsifcouldwritethevalueofthisseries)

37. X:BaselProblem
Y:LeonhardEuler
1
1
2
+
1
2
2
+
1
3
2
+…=
??????
2
6

38. 16.Following is a list of problems famously known as X.
•Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture
•Hodge conjecture
•Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness
•P versus NP problem
•Poincaré conjecture
•Riemann hypothesis
•Yang–Mills existence and mass gap
Out of these problems only has been solved so far. Which problem is that ?
(Extra 1 point if you could write the name of mathematician who solved
that problem)

39. X: Millennium Prize Problems
Y: Poincare Conjecture. It was proven by Grigori Perelman in 2003.

40. 17.HewasaBritishpolymath.Hewasamathematician,philosopher,
writer,logician,politicalactivist,socialcritic.
HewroteabooktitledPrincipiaMathematicabutheisnotNewton.
Heisregardedasfatherofanalyticphilosophyandhechampionedanti-
imperialism,supportedpacifismandardentlysupportednuclear
disarmament.
HereceivedNobelPrizein1950.
Whoishe?

41. Bertrand Arthur William Russell

42. 18.XisaprofessorofmathematicsatPrincetonUniversityandwasawarded
theFieldsMedalin2014.
XwasborninHamilton,Ontario,CanadatoHinduimmigrantparentsfromIndia
andhegrewupprimarilyinLongIsland,NewYork.Hismother,amathematician
atHofstraUniversity,washisfirstmathematicsteacher.Hecompletedallofhis
highschoolmathandcomputersciencecoursesbyage14.HeobtainedhisB.A.
fromHarvardUniversityin1996andwentontoreceivehisdoctoratefrom
Princetonin2001underthesupervisionofAndrewWiles.
Inadditionofbeingamathematicalprodigy,XisanardentadmirerofSanskrit
poetryandisanaccomplishedtablaplayer,havingstudiedunderZakirHussain.
IdentifyX.

43. Xis Manjul Bhargava

44. 19.Pi day is celebrated on 14
th
Marchof every year since 2009.
What do we celebrate on June 28 of each year?

45. Two Pi Day, also known as Tau Day is celebrated on June 28
th
of every
year.

46. 20.XwasaCanadianmathematician.HisthesisentitledSymbolicFinite
SolutionsandSolutionsbyDefiniteIntegralsoftheEquation
??????
�
�
??????�
�
=�
�
�was
publishedintheAmericanJournalofMathematicsin1886.
XisbestknownfordevelopmentoftheY,whichisconsideredbysometobe
theNobelPrizeinMathematics.Firstawardedin1936,Ywasreintroducedin
1950andhasbeenawardedeveryfouryearssince.Itisawardedtotwotofour
mathematicians,undertheageof40,whohavemadeimportantcontributions
tothefield.
IdentifyXandY.

47. X: John Charles Fields
Y: Fields Medal

48. 21.G.S.Carr,aBritishmathematician,wroteabookwithtitleX.This
book,firstpublishedin1880,wasreadandstudiedcloselybyavery
famousSouth-IndianmathematicianYwhenhewasateenager.Itissaid
thatXwaswrittenasastudyguideforTriposMathematicsExaminationat
theUniversityofCambridge.
IdentifyX&Y.

49. X:SynopsisofPureMathematics
Y:SrinivasaRamanujan

50. 22.Xwasbornon7February1877,inCranleigh,Surrey,England,intoa
teachingfamily.Xisusuallyknownbythoseoutsidethefieldofmathematics
forhisessayfrom1940ontheaestheticsofmathematics,“A
Mathematician'sApology”.
Xoncesaid“Ihaveneverdoneanythinguseful.Nodiscoveryofminehas
made,orislikelytomake,directlyorindirectly,forgoodorill,theleast
differencetotheamenityoftheworld.
”
XoncetoldBertrandRussell“IfIcouldprovebylogicthatyouwoulddiein
fiveminutes,Ishouldbesorryyouweregoingtodie,butmysorrowwould
beverymuchmitigatedbypleasureintheproof".
WhoisX?

51. 23.ItwasfirstheldinRomaniain1959.Ithassincebeenheldannually,except
in1980.ItwasinitiallyfoundedforeasternEuropeanmembercountriesof
theWarsawPact,undertheSovietblocofinfluence,butlaterothercountries
participatedaswell.Ithassincebeenheldannually,exceptin1980.
InJanuary2011,Googlesponsored€1milliontotheitsorganization.

52. International Mathematics Olympiad (IMO)

53. 24. Identify these mathematicians

54. Pythagoras of Samos
Pierre de Fermat

55. 25.Fillintheblanks
"Thediscoveryofthis'LostNotebook'causedroughlyasmuchstirinthe
mathematicalworldasthediscoveryofBeethoven’s___________would
causeinthemusicalworld."
ThisisalinefromtheblogwrittenByPeterDoughfortheIllinoisCollege
ofLiberalArts&SciencesabouttheRamanujan'sLostNotebook.

56. Beethoven’s10
th
Symphony

57. 26.Fill in the blanks
Googlecreated this doddle in honor of a famous mathematician
___________ on his 306
th
birthday in the year 2013.

58. Leonhard Euler

59. 27.Hewasamathematician,physicist,astronomer,naturalphilosopher,
alchemistandtheologian.Heisconsideredbymanytobeoneofthemost
influentialmeninhumanhistory.
Besidesbeinganextraordinarymathematician,hewasaMemberof
Parliamentforsomeyears,andbecamemasteroftheRoyalMintin1699.He
alsoheldthepositionofLucasianProfessorofMathematics.
In1703,hewasmadePresidentoftheRoyalSocietyand,in1705,becamethe
firstscientistevertobeknighted.
Whoishe?

60. Sir Issac Newton

61. 28.HeistheonlyAustraliantohavewonmedalsatboththeInternational
PhysicsOlympiadandInternationalMathematicalOlympiad,whichhedidat
theageof12.
In2018,hewasawardedtheFieldsMedalforhissynthesisofanalyticnumber
theory,homogeneousdynamics,topology,andrepresentationtheory.
HeisthesecondAustralianandthesecondpersonofIndiandescenttowinthe
FieldsMedalandhasalsobeenarecipientofSASTRARamanujanPrize.
Whoishe?

62. Akshay Venkatesh

63. 29.Xsharedthe1994NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicScienceswithgame
theoristsReinhardSeltenandJohnHarsanyi.
In2015,healsosharedtheAbelPrizewithLouisNirenbergforhisworkon
nonlinearpartialdifferentialequations.Xistheonlypersontobeawardedboth
theNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesandtheAbelPrize.
HisstruggleswithhisillnessandhisrecoverybecamethebasisforSylvia
Nasar’sbooktitledYwhicheventuallywasmadeintoafilmwiththesametitle
Y.
IdentifyXandY.

64. X: John Forbes Nash Jr.
Y: The Beautiful Mind

65. 30.Fillintheblanks
Theword__________comesfromaLatinmistranslationoftheArabicjiba,
whichisatransliterationoftheSanskritwordforhalfthechord,jya-ardha.
MeaningofthiswordinLatinisbosom.
ThistermisoneofthecentralwordofTrigonometry.

66. Sine
ThewordsinederivesfromtheSanskritwordforchord,jiva.Thiswas
transliteratedinArabicasjibawhichhoweverismeaninglessinthat
languageandabbreviatedjb.SinceArabiciswrittenwithoutshort
vowels,"jb"wasinterpretedasthewordjaibwhichmeans"bosom".
WhentheArabictextsweretranslatedinthe12thcenturyintoLatinby
GerardofCremona,heusedtheLatinequivalentfor"bosom",sinus
(whichmeans"bosom"or"bay"or"fold").

67. Final Round

68. Welcome to the
Final Round

69. The teams are :-
•Team �
•Team �
•Team �
•Team �
•Team ??????
•Team ??????

70. Rules
•Thisroundisbasedonpounceandbounceformat.
•Eachroundconsistsofsixdirectquestions,oneforeachteam.
•Incase,anyotherteamknowstheanswertotheaskedquestionthenthey
canpounce.Pouncingshouldbedonewithin15seconds.
•+10pointsforcorrectlyansweringdirectquestion.Nonegativemarking.
•+15pointsforcorrectlyansweringafterpouncing.-10pointsifwrong.
•AllunmentionedrulesatQuizMaster’sdiscretion.

71. Best of luck !!

72. Round ??????
�

73. 1.HeisaprominentfigureinIndianpolitics.Duetohiswittyandoutspoken
character,heisoftenfoundincontroversies.
HeattendedHinduCollege,UniversityofDelhi,fromwhereheearnedhis
BachelorsHonoursdegreeinMathematics.Hethentookhismaster'sdegreein
StatisticsfromtheIndianStatisticalInstitute,Kolkata.Hewaslater
recommendedbyHendrikS.HouthakkerandwenttostudyatHarvard
UniversitywherehereceivedaPhDinEconomicsin1965.
WhenhewasastudentatISIKolkata,thethendirectoroftheinstitute
Mahalanobis,duetoapersonalrivalrywithhisfather,madesurehistestscores
werenotgood.Ultimately,hepublishedapaperinEconometricaprovingthat
MahalanobisworkonFractileAnalysiswasplagiarized.
Whoishe?

74. Subramanian Swamy

75. 2.Ramanujan'slostnotebookisthemanuscriptinwhichtheIndian
mathematicianSrinivasaRamanujanrecordedthemathematicaldiscoveriesof
thelastyear(1919–1920)ofhislife.Itswhereaboutswereunknowntoallbuta
fewmathematiciansuntilitwasrediscoveredbyGeorgeAndrewsin1976,ina
boxofeffectsofG.N.Watson.ThislostnotebookofRamanujanisstoredina
17
th
-centurylibrary.
Thislibraryhousessomeofthemostamazingcreationsofalltimeincluding:-
•IsaacNewton'sfirsteditioncopyofPhilosophiaeNaturalisPrincipia
Mathematicawithhandwrittennotesforthesecondedition.
•IsaacNewton's(1659–61)Notebook
•TheCapellcollectionofearlyShakespeareeditions
•AcollectionofautographpoemsbyJohnMilton
Whatisthenameofthislibraryandwhereitislocated?

76. Ramanujan'slostnotebookisstoredatthefamousWren’sLibraryofTrinity
College,UniversityofCambridge.

77. 3.Fillintheblanks
The____________manuscriptisnotableforbeing"theoldestextant
manuscriptinIndianmathematics"withportionsdatedtoAD224–383.
WritteninSanskritwithsignificantinfluenceoflocaldialects,itcontainsthe
earliestknownIndianuseofazerosymbol.
Thismanuscriptwasunearthedfromafieldin1881,byapeasantinthevillage
ofBakhshali,whichisnearMardan,nowinKhyberPakhtunkhwa,Pakistan.
ThefirstresearchonthemanuscriptwasdonebyA.F.R.Hoernlé.Afterhis
death,itwasexaminedbyG.R.Kaye,whoeditedtheworkandpublisheditasa
bookin1927.

78. Bakhshali Manuscript

79. 4.OEISstandsforX.Foundedin1964,itisane-databaseofinteger
sequenceshavingmorethan300,000sequences.Itwascreatedand
maintainedbyaBritish-AmericanmathematicianYwhilearesearcherat
AT&TLabs.ForeseeinghisretirementfromAT&TLabsin2012andthe
needforanindependentfoundation,Yagreedtotransfertheintellectual
propertyandhostingoftheOEIStotheOEISFoundationinOctober
2009.YcontinuestobeinvolvedintheOEISinhisroleasPresidentofthe
OEISFoundation.OEISrecordsinformationonintegersequencesof
interesttobothprofessionalmathematiciansandamateurs,andiswidely
cited.Asof19March2018itcontainsover300,000sequences,makingit
thelargestdatabaseofitskind.
IdentifyXandY.

80. TheOEISstandsforOn-LineEncyclopaediaofIntegerSequences.Itwas
createdandmaintainedbyNeilSloan.

81. 5.ThecomputerscientistGeorgeWoltman,aMITgraduatefoundeda
projectXforsearchingMersennePrimeNumbersin1996-97.Itisa
collaborativeprojectofvolunteerswhousesdifferentavailablesoftware
tosearchMersennePrimes.TheprojectbeganinearlyJanuary1996,with
aprogramthatranoni386computers.XisregisteredasMersenne
Research,Inc.andissaidtobeoneofthefirstlargescaledistributed
computingprojectsovertheInternetforresearchpurposes.
IdentifyX?
MersennePrimesareprimenumbersoftheform2
??????
−1forsomenatural
number??????.E.g.7isaMersenneprimeas7=2
3
−1.

82. XstandsforGIMPS(GreatInternetMersennePrime
Search).

83. 6.How many zeroesare in a googol?

84. A googolis the large number 10¹⁰⁰. It is 1 followed by 100 zeros.

85. Round �

86. 1.Fillintheblanks
_____________wasaFrenchmathematician,physicistandphilosopher._____________
fatherwasawealthypersonhavingpoliticalreach.Itisthereforeassumedthatshewitnessed
manydiscussionsbetweenherfatherandhisfriendsonpoliticsandphilosophy.When
_____________was13,theBastillefell,andtherevolutionaryatmosphereofthecityforced
hertostayinside.Forentertainmentsheturnedtoherfather'slibrary.HereshefoundJ.E.
Montucla'sL'HistoiredesMathématiques,andhisstoryofthedeathofArchimedesintrigued
her.Becauseofprejudiceagainsthersex,shecouldnotmakeacareerofmathematicsand
workedindependentlythroughoutherlife.
Shediedattheageof55duetocancer.
Thisfollowingidentitynamedafterhercomesquitehandywhilefactoringpolynomials.
�
4
+4�
4
=(�
2
−2��+2�
2
)(�
2
+2��+2�
2
)

87. GermainSophie

88. 2.ThegivenpictureisofaFrenchmathematician
andpolitician.
Inadditionofbeingamathematicalprodigyanda
Fieldsmedallist,hehasalsowrittenaFrenchcomic
bookandhavealsobeenfeaturedoncoverpages
ofFrenchfashionmagazines.TheNew
Yorkerreferredtohimasthe“LadyGagaofFrench
mathematicians”.TheGuardiancalledhim“Lord
Byrononaminibreak”.
HisTedtalk“Whatsosexyaboutmathematics?”
hasover400,000viewsonYouTube.Interestingly,
hereceivedtheFieldsmedalfromPratibhaPatilin
HyderabadinAugust2010.
Whoishe?

89. Cédric Villani

90. 3.DichotomyParadox
Beforeanobjectcantravelagivendistance??????,itmusttraveladistanceΤ
??????
�.In
ordertotravelΤ
??????
�,itmusttravelΤ
??????
�.Sincethissequencegoesonforever,it
thereforeappearsthatthedistance??????cannotbetravelled.
Theresolutionofthisparadoxawaitedcalculusandtheproofthatinfinite
geometricseriesas
1
2
+
1
2
2
+
1
2
3
+…
canconvergetoafinitenumber,sothattheinfinitenumberof"half-steps"
neededisbalancedbytheincreasinglyshortamountoftimedneededto
traversethedistance.
ThisisoneparadoxinagroupofparadoxescalledXnamedafteraGreek
PhilosopherY.WhatareXandY?

91. X:Zeno’sParadoxes
Y:ZenoofElea

92. 4.Xpursuedresearchinpuremathematics,thefirsteverdoneinAmerica.
HewasthefounderoftheAmericanJournalofMathematics,thefirstjournal
inAmericadevotedtomathematicalresearch.
W.P.Durfeesaidabouthim“Xhadoneremarkablepeculiarity.Heseldom
rememberedtheorems,propositions,etc.,buthadalwaystodeducethem
whenhewishedtousethem.”
Hismajorcontributionstomathematicswereinthetheoryofequations,
matrixtheory,determinanttheoryandinvarianttheory(whichhefounded
withanothermathematicianCayley).
IdentifyX.

93. Xis J.J Sylvester (James Joseph Sylvester)

94. 5.He is a Britisher. At the time of his birth,his father was on leave from his
position with the Indian Civil Service (ICS)at Chhatrapur, Bihar and Orissa
Province, in British India.
He decoded a famous unbreakable Nazi German’s World War II technologyat
Bletchley Park. In 1936, he developed the idea of a machine which became the
basis for the first computer. And he developed a test for artificial intelligence in
1950, which is still used today.
In 1952, he was arrested after reporting a burglary in his home. In the course of
the investigation, the police discovered that he was in a relationship with another
man, Arnold Murray. Homosexual relationships were illegal in the UK at the time,
and he was charged with “gross indecency.” He pled guilty on the advice of his
lawyer, and opted to undergo chemical castration instead of serving time in jail.
Sinking into deep depression, the 41-year-old committed suicide on 8 June 1954.
Who is he ?

95. He is Alan Mathison Turingand he broke Enigma encryption.

96. 6.HewasdescribedbyNapoleonBonaparteas“Theloftypyramidsofthe
mathematicalsciences.”
Hewasthefirsttousethenotationf’(x)andf”(x)forderivatives.
Heisgenerallyacknowledgedasoneofthetwogreatestmathematiciansofthe
eighteenthcentury,alongwithLeonhardEuler.
WhenaskedtoleaveTurinforaconsiderablymoreprestigiouspostinBerlin.He
turneddowntheofferrespondingthat,“ItseemstomethatBerlinwouldnot
beatallsuitableformewhileM.Euleristhere.”
Whowashe?

97. Joseph-Louis Lagrange

98. Round �
�
−�

99. 1.Fillintheblanks
“Introductioninanalysininfonitoirum”isatwo-volumeworkby
__________.Thisbooklaysthefoundationsofmathematicalanalysis.
OriginallywritteninLatinandpublishedin1748,thefirstvolumeconsists
of18chaptersandthesecondvolumeconsistsof22chapters.

100. LeonhardEuler

101. 2.AnalysisSitusisabookauthoredbyaPrincetonUniversityprofessor
namedOswaldVeblenin1922.Thebookwasbasedonhis1916lectures
attheColloquiumoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyanditscontents
werebasedontheworkofHenriPoincaréaswellasVeblen'sownwork
withhisformerstudentandcolleague,JamesAlexander.
Thebook“AnalysisSitus”issaidtobethefirstEnglish-languagetextbook
onaparticularfieldofmathematics.
Whatisthatfieldofmathematics?

102. Topology

103. 3.DonaldErvinKnuthisanAmericancomputerscientist,mathematician,andprofessor
emeritusatStanfordUniversity.HeinventedthetypesettinglanguageTeXfromwhichLaTeXis
developedwhichisthelanguageinwhichnearlyalloftheresearcharticlesarewrittennow-a-
days.DonaldKnuthwroteanoveletteintheyear1974inaratherunusualcircumstanceswhich
isprettyupsummedbytheAmazon.comdescriptionofthebook.Hereisasectionofthat
description
Knuthsaidinainterviewthathefinishedthebookinjust6daysinahotelroom.
Whatisthetitleofthebook?

104. Surreal Numbers

105. 4.Fillintheblanks
_____________isabiographicalnovelbyDavidLeavitt,publishedin2007.It
islooselybasedonthefamouspartnershipbetweentheIndian
mathematician,SrinivasaRamanujanandhisBritishmentor,G.HHardy.
ThenovelissetagainstthebackdropofthefirstworldwarandcolonialIndia.
ItfeaturessuchprominentwriterandpublicfiguresasD.HLawrenceand
BertrandRussell.
Thenovelwasshortlistedforthe2009internationalIMPACDublinLiterary
Award.

107. 5.Inhisbook,Fibonacciintroducedtheso-calledmodusIndorum(Methodofthe
Indians),todayknownastheHindu–Arabicnumeralsystem.Thebookadvocated
numerationwiththedigits0-9andplacevalue.
Byaddressingtheapplicationsofbothcommercialtradesmenandmathematicians,it
contributedtoconvincingthepublicofthesuperiorityoftheHindu–Arabicnumeral
system.
Thenameofthisbookis“LiberAbaci”.Itcontainstheearliestknowndescriptionof
theFibonaccisequenceoutsideofIndia,thesequencehadbeennotedbyIndian
mathematiciansasearlyasthesixthcentury.
Pictureonthenextslide.
WhatisthisbookcalledinEnglish?

109. Book of Calculation

110. 6.XisaworkbyArchimedesinwhichhesetouttodetermineanupper
boundforthenumberofgrainsofsandthatfitintotheuniverse.Inorder
todothis,hehadtoestimatethesizeoftheuniverseaccordingtothe
contemporarymodel,andinventawaytotalkaboutextremelylarge
numbers.
Xiscalled‘ArchimedisSyracusaniArenarius&DimensioCirculi’inLatin
whichisabout8pageslongintranslation,isaddressedto
theSyracusankingGeloII(sonofHieroII),andisprobablythemost
accessibleworkofArchimedes.Insomesense,itisthefirstresearch-
expositorypaper.
IdentifyX.

111. TheSand-Reckoner

112. Round
�
??????�

113. 1.Xwas a 19
th
centuryBritish mathematician and logician. He was born
inMadurai, India in 1806 and unfortunately became blind in one eye a
month or two after he was born.His father worked for East India Company.
He introduced the term ‘Mathematical Induction’, making its idea more
rigorous and is also famous for a pair of lawnamed after him in logic.
His most distinctive work is styledA Budget of Paradoxes.It originally
appeared as letters in the columns of theAthenæumjournal. It was revised
and extended by Xin the last years of his life, and was published
posthumously by his widow in 1872.
Identify X.

114. Augustus De Morgan

115. 2.BornintheIndianstateofKeralain1350,hefoundedtheKeralaSchoolof
Mathematics&Astronomy.
Heintroducedinthefourteenthcentury,profoundmathematicalideasthatare
nowpartofCalculus.
Hewasverycomfortablewiththeideaofinfinity,somethingthatwasrareat
histime,andgaveinfiniteseriesforsine,cosineandtangentfunction.
Inastronomy,hediscoveredaproceduretodeterminethepositionsofthe
moonevery36minutes,andmethodstoestimatethemotionsoftheplanets.
ThereisaIndianmathematicalcompetitionforunder-graduatestudents
namedafterhim.
Whoishe?

116. Madhava of Sangamagrama

117. 3.Fillintheblanks
_________wasamathematicianandengineerwho
wasactiveinhisnativecityofAlexandria,Roman
Egypt._________publishedawellrecognized
descriptionofasteam-powereddevice.Amonghis
mostfamousinventionswasawindwheel,
constitutingtheearliestinstanceofwind
harnessingonland.Muchofhisoriginalwritings
anddesignshavebeenlost,butsomeofhisworks
werepreserved-mostlyinmanuscriptsfromthe
EasternRomanEmpire,andasmallerpartinLatin
orArabictranslations.
Heisfamouslyknownforaformulahegave
pertainingtotriangles.

118. The mathematician is Hero of Alexandria famously known for Heron’s
Formula.

119. 4.Fillintheblanks
___________wasanIndianmathematician
andastronomer.HewasborninBijapurin
Karnataka.Oftenreferredtoasthegreatest
mathematicianofmedievalIndia,hiswork
oncalculuspredatesNewtonandLeibnizby
overhalfamillennium.
HismainworkwastheSiddhāntaŚiromani,a
four-volumetreatiseonmatheamticsthathe
wrotein1150asa36yearold.Thefour
volumesareLeelavati,Bijaganita,
GanitadhyayaandGoladhyaya.

120. BhāskaraII

121. 5.Heisaphilosopherandscientist.Hewasrevered
amongmedievalMuslimScholarsas"TheFirstTeacher".
Hisnamemeans"thebestpurpose"inAncientGreek.
HewastutoredbythegreatphilosopherPlato.He
coinedtheterm“metaphysics”andcalledit"first
philosophy",anddistinguisheditfrommathematicsand
naturalscience(physics)asthecontemplative
(theoretikē)philosophywhichis"theological"and
studiesthedivine.
Whoishe?

122. Aristotle

123. 6.XwasanAmericanmathematician,
electricalengineerandcryptographer.
HedidelectricalengineeringfromMIT
andeventuallycompletedhisPhD
fromthesameinstitute.
He founded Information Theory with
his landmark paper “ A Mathematical
Theory of Communication ” published
in 1948.
Identify X.

124. Claude Elwood Shannon

125. Round 2 + 3

126. 1.Fillintheblanks
___________isafictionaldevicedescribedinthebook
Gulliver’sTravelsauthoredbyJonathanSwiftin1726.It
ispossiblytheearliestknownreferencetoadevicein
anywayresemblingtoamoderncomputer.Itisa
devicethatgeneratespermutationsofwordsets.

127. The Engine

128. 2.Xareagroupof5regularsolidsnamedafterancientGreecephilosopherY.
Xaretheonlypossibleregularsolids.EachofthefiveXisconstructedby
congruent(identicalinshapeandsize)regular(allanglesequalandallsides
equal)polygonalfaceswiththesamenumberoffacesmeetingateachvertex.
YwroteaboutXinthedialogueTimaeusc.360B.C.inwhichheassociated
eachofthefourclassicalelements(earth,air,water,andfire)withoneofX.
EuclidcompletelymathematicallydescribedXintheElements,thelastbook
(BookXIII)ofwhichisdevotedtotheirproperties.
IdentifyXandY.

129. X:PlatonicSolids
Y:Plato
Platonic Solids

130. 3.Thesecondoldestrecordof"zero"intheworldwasfoundinaninscriptionin
asmalltemple,whichislocatedonthewaytothetopofaveryfamousfortof
India.
Theinscriptionisaround1500yearsold.Thefortisbuiltonanoutcropof
VindhyansandstoneonasolitaryrockyhillcalledGopachal.
Whatisthenameofthisfort?

131. Gwalior Fort

132. 4.The given picture depicts a famous mathematical object called
_________. It is special in the sense that it is a surface with only side and
one boundary. This object is quite famous in topology.

133. Möbius Strip

134. 5.Fillintheblanks
The_________________isasystemofrapidmental
calculation.
Thesystemconsistsofanumberofreadilymemorized
operationsthatallowonetoperformarithmetic
computationsveryquickly.
ItwasdevelopedbytheRussianJewishengineerJakow
Trachtenberginordertokeephismindoccupiedwhilebeing
heldinaNaziconcentrationcamp.
The 2017 American film Giftedrevolves around a child prodigy who at the age
of seven impresses her teacher by doing calculations in her head using this
system.

135. Trachtenberg System named after Ukrainian mathematician Jakow
Trachtenberg.

136. 6.ArchimedeswaskilledbyaRomansoldierduringSiegeofSyracuse
despiteordersthatheshouldnotbeharmed.Thelastwordsattributedto
Archimedesare"Donotdisturbmycircles",areferencetothecirclesinthe
mathematicaldrawingthathewassupposedlystudyingwhendisturbedby
theRomansoldier.
ThetombofArchimedeshasasculptureontopofitfeaturingtwo
mathematicalobjects.
Whatarethosemathematicalobjects?

137. Archimedeswaskilledduringthemassacrethatfollowedthecaptureof
SyracusebytheRomansundergeneralMarcellusin212BC.Marcellushad
supposedlygivenordersthattherenownedsage(whowasthen75)was
nottobeharmed,but(accordingtoonestory)inthemidstofthegeneral
mayhemaRomansoldiercameuponanoldmandrawingpicturesinthe
sand,andranhimthroughwithasword.Marcellussawtoitthat
Archimedeswasgivenaburialinaccordancewithhiswishes,includinga
monumentfeaturingastonesphereandcylinder.

138. "Whoofuswouldnotbegladtolifttheveilbehindwhichthefuturelies
hidden;tocastaglanceatthenextadvancesofourscienceandatthe
secretsofitsdevelopmentduringfuturecenturies?Whatparticulargoals
willtherebetowardwhichtheleadingmathematicalspiritsofcoming
generationswillstrive?Whatnewmethodsandnewfactsinthewideand
richfieldofmathematicalthoughtwillthenewcenturiesdisclose?"
WiththeseverywordsXopenedtheInternationalCongressofMathematics
inParisintheyear1990andoutlined23majormathematicalproblemsthatX
feltwasessentialtoprovidesolutionsforinthecomingnewcentury.
WhoisXandwhatarethoseproblemsknownas?

139. XisDavidHilbertandtheproblemsareknowsas“Hilbert’sProblems”.

141. Bonus Round

142. 1.Fillintheblanks
JamesHarris"Jim"SimonsisanAmericanmathematician,billionairehedge
fundmanager,andphilanthropist.Heisknownasaquantitativeinvestorandin
1982founded___________,aprivatehedgefundbasedinNewYorkCity.
AccordingtoTheWallStreetJournalinMay2009,Simonswasquestionedby
investorsonthedramaticperformancegapof___________portfolios.OnJuly
22,2014,SimonswassubjecttobipartisancondemnationbytheU.S.Senate
PermanentSubcommitteeonInvestigationsfortheuseofcomplexbarrier
optionstoshieldday-to-daytrading(usuallysubjecttohigherordinaryincome
taxrates)aslong-termcapitalgains.AnarticlepublishedinTheNewYork
Timesin2015saidthatSimonswasinvolvedinoneofthebiggesttaxbattlesof
theyear,with___________being"underreviewbytheI.R.S.overaloophole
thatsavedtheirfundanestimated$6.8billionintaxesoverroughlyadecade."

143. Renaissance Technologies
James Simons

144. 2.Fillintheblanks
________________isasimple,ancientalgorithm
forfindingallprimenumbersuptoanygiven
limit.NamedafterEratosthenesofCyrene,
aGreekmathematician,theearliestknown
referencetothismethodisinNicomachusof
Gerasa'sIntroductiontoArithmetic.

145. Sieve of Eratosthenes

146. 3.Fillintheblanks
_____________isamathematicsprizefoundedbythewidowofRaphael
Salem,aGreekmathematician.Itisawardedeveryyeartoayoung
mathematiciantohavedoneoutstandingworkinSalem'sfieldofinterest,
primarilythetheoryofFourierseries.
Theprizeisconsideredhighlyprestigiousandmanyfieldsmedallistshave
previouslyreceivedthisprize.
ItwasrecentlyawardedtoMarynaViazovskain2016.

147. Salem Prize