Meaning of Philosophy Lesson 1.pptx Introduction to Human philosophy Grade 12 Lesson 1

Educational

1. Lesson 1 Doing Philosophy INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN PERSON

2. Objectives: Discuss philosophy and its importance as a discipline and a means for understanding life Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view Recognize human activities that emanated from deliberate reflection Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic perspective

3. Read and Analyze the following conversation between a high school teacher and her student in class: Teacher: Juan, what would you like to be when you grow up? Juan: Ma’am I want to be happy! Teacher: Juan, you did not understand my question. Juan: Ma’am you do not understand what life is all about!

4. Do you think that Juan’s answer was appropriate for his teacher’s question?

5. What do you think was Juan’s interpretation of his teachers question? Based on his responses, what kind of student do you imagine Juan to be?

6. If you were Juan’s teacher, how would you respond to him? How is philosophy related to this situation?

7. Simple Questions: What is this? What does this do? Why are trees tall? Why is the sky so far away?

8. Serious Questions: Why do I have study? What do I need to do to get better grades? What should I do to achieve my goals in life? How can our budget cover our family’s expenses? Would it be better if I apply for a new job?

9. Deep Questions What is love? Is love worth giving up everything? Where can one find true happiness? Why do good people suffer?

10. A big part of living is spent pondering many questions, and our lives become more meaningful because we search for answers to these innumerable questions. This is the essence of philosophy --- the search for answers to life’s questions.

11. For Discussion: What questions about your life are you struggling to find answers to? Share some of them in class?

12. What is Philosophy? The word philosophy comes from 2 Greek words: philos /philein (love or friendship ) and S ophia (wisdom or knowledge ) . The concept of love means and implies an urge, drive, feelings, enthusiasm or obsession of the human will commanding reason to seek unity with desired object: the TRUTH. In the other hand , wisdom is associated with knowledge consisting of knowing, learning and ascertaining ideas to satisfy the quest for truth and/or the meaning and purpose of human life.

13. The ancient Greek used this term to refer to “love of wisdom” and they soon applied it to the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons and principles which govern all things. (Mother of all Knowledge)

14. Philosophers Or lovers of wisdom, people who engage in philosophy. Among the ancient Greeks, philosophers became pioneers in various fields of knowledge such as history, biology, medicine, mathematics, astronomy an d even physics.

15. Unlocking the terms PHILOSOPHY- an academic discipline that seeks truth through reasoning rather than empiricis m. EMPIRICISM- a pursuit of knowledge purely through experience especially by means of observation and sometimes by experimentation. the idea that all learning comes from only experience and observations. -most reliable source of human knowledge is experience, by perception.

16. Unlocking the terms WISDOM- an element of personal character that enables one to distinguish the wise from the unwise. -the discretionary use of knowledge for the greatest good. -the ability to make a decision based on the combination of knowledge, experience, and intuitive understanding . (Kutob)

17. A student of philosophy may find satisfaction and delight in creative and critical thinking when he/she is able to: 1. Undestand himself/herself (sarili) 2. Discover his/her inner self (loob) 3. Recognize his/her otherness (pakikipagkapwa-tao) 4. Accept self as a part of nature, of the world (mikrokosmo) 5. Be aware of the purpose of human life , and (ang pagpapakatao ng tao) 6. See himself/herself as oriented towards his/her impending death. (ang kahandaan ng tao sa di maiwasang napipintong kamatayan)

18. END OF LESSON 1

19. Philosophy of Human Person is a branch of Speculative Philosophy. Philosophical speculation is a creative type of thinking which digs empirical facts (observation or experience) into their roots and proceeds towards the world of ideas. The human person, as a rational being, has the capacity to ponder, reflect, theorize or speculative beyond what he or she sees in reality.

20. Basic steps in knowledge building FACTUAL ANALOGY CAUSE AND EFFECT GENERALIZATION THEORY PRINCIPLE

21. Basic steps in knowledge building FACTUAL A descriptive way of knowing things in reality sensibly; Your heart pumps blood through your body. The leaves of growing plants are usually green. Some people keep dogs as pets. 1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram on Earth. There are 50 states in the United States.

22. Basic steps in knowledge building ANALOGY Knowing things through comparison, that using an inferential reasoning that things alike in certain respect will be alike in others.

23. Basic steps in knowledge building CAUSE AND EFFECT A causative way of seeing the universe as harmonious inter-connectedness of phenomena in which every phenomenon is intertwined with some other phenomena (Principle of casuality.

24. Basic steps in knowledge building GENERALIZATION The syllogistic way of arriving at a conclusion through induction or deduction Induction gives us general statements, principles and predictions based on what we know so far. With deduction , we apply these principles to any new experiences. It helps us to make sense of them, and gives us some information about them.

25. Basic steps in knowledge building THEORY Putting for the coherent group of assumptions to explain the reason on the relationship between two or more observable facts; it assumes the existence of truth about reality;

26. Basic steps in knowledge building PRINCIPLE Establishing the comprehensive rule, doctrine or law as basis or foundation for other truths. Fundamental truth or belief.

27. PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE OF IDENTITY A thing is what it is. It cannot be other-wise. Every object is identical with itself,” or “Every object equals itself.” Law of Identity: This principle states that an object is always identical to itself. It is often expressed as "A is A." For example, if we have a chair, it remains the same chair regardless of any changes made to it.

28. PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE OF CONTRADICTION A contradiction is a situation or ideas in opposition to one another. Ex:Declaring publicly that you are an environmentalist but never remembering to take out the recycling is an example of a contradiction. A "contradiction in terms" is a common phrase used to describe a statement that contains opposing ideas.

29. PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON Asserts that there is an adequate reason to account for the existence and nature of everything that could conceivably not exist. The principle of sufficient reason is a philosophy that posits that there is a reason for everything. Reasons can be external or self-contained. External reasons are found beyond the event that needs explaining, such as why a volcano erupts.

30. PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE OF EXCLUDED MIDDLE It means that a statement is either true or false. Think of it as claiming that there is no middle ground between being true and being false. Every statement has to be one or the other. That's why it's called the law of excluded middle, because it excludes a middle ground between truth and falsity.

31. PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE OF UNIFORMALITY OF NATURE The principle that the future will resemble the past, in that when sufficiently similar situations recur, similar effects follow. It states that geological events of the past must be explained by means of the same causes now in operation.

32. PRINCIPLE PRINCIPLE OF CAUSALITY Every effect has a cause. Every contingent being has a cause. Whatever is reduced from potency to act is reduced by something already in act. Whatever comes to be has a cause. Causality is a relationship between two events, or variables, in which one event or process causes an effect on the other event or process. For example, research tells us that there is a positive correlation between ice cream sales and sunburns. Meaning, as ice cream sales increase, so do instances of sunburns.