Meeting 2 ELT_in_Indonesia_Historical_Perspective_EN.pptx

Meeting 2 ELT_in_Indonesia_Historical_Perspective_EN

1. ELT in Indonesia: Historical Perspective — Government Policy Prepared by: Yayu Heryatun

2. Colonial & Early Independence (up to 1960s) - Dutch Colonial Period: Dutch as dominant language, English limited. - Post-Independence: Indonesian as the national and instructional language. - English taught from junior high school for diplomacy and access to knowledge.

3. Old Order (1945–1965) - Curriculum 1947 (Rentjana Pelajaran): focus on reading. - English as the first foreign language. - Political orientation towards the East limited attention to English.

4. New Order (1966–1998) - Focus on modernization and economic development. - Curriculum 1975, 1984, 1994: four language skills. - Communicative Approach gradually adopted.

5. Reform Era (1998–present) - Competency-Based Curriculum (2004), KTSP (2006), and Curriculum 2013. - Emphasis on competency-based learning and communication skills. - English in primary schools: local content (1994–2013), optional after 2013. - Integration of critical thinking and socio-cultural contexts.

6. Merdeka Curriculum (2021–present) - Flexibility for schools and teachers. - Focus on critical thinking, collaboration, and 21st-century skills. - Integration with digital learning and technology. - Support for higher education internationalization.

7. Challenges of ELT Policy in Indonesia - Inequality of access between urban and rural schools. - Variations in teacher quality and training. - Frequent curriculum changes and inconsistent implementation.

8. Conclusion The history of ELT in Indonesia has been shaped by government policies that shift with political, economic, and global contexts. - Initially limited to elite schools, English is now a key to human resource development. - Plays a strategic role in global citizenship and competitiveness. - Challenges remain in ensuring quality and equal implementation.

9. References Alwasilah , A. C. (2013). Policy on English in Indonesia. Bandung: Kiblat Buku Utama. Lauder, A. (2008). The status and function of English in Indonesia. Makara, Social Humaniora . Lie, A. (2007). Education policy and EFL curriculum in Indonesia. TEFLIN Journal. Ministry of Education and Culture. (Various Years). National Curriculum Documents. Zein, S. (2017). Elementary English education in Indonesia: Policy and practice. Asian EFL Journal.