Mel kwashiorkor biochemistry

topic done while learning biochemistry in first year med school

1. Kwashiorkor Nur Amalina Aminudddin Baki 082012100067 Shahirah aliya 63 Kamalia iqma 71 Farzana 75 [email protected]

2. Objectives The student should be able to: To understand what is kwashiorkor To know the causes and occurrence of kwashiorkor To be aware of the symptoms , biochemical manifestation , treatment and difference from marasmus

3. Introduction Protein- energy malnutrition Disease that child gets when the next baby is born  develop after a mother weans her child from breast milk, replacing it with a diet high in carbohydrates but lack in protein.

4. Occurrence Found in children between 1 to 5

5. # 1     South Africa :820 deaths  # 2     Mexico :75 deaths   # 3     Brazil :46 deaths  # 4     Venezuela :13 deaths  = 5     Peru :11 deaths  = 5     Ecuador :11 deaths  # 7      Colombia :10 deaths  # 8      United States :8 deaths  # 9     Egypt :5 deaths  = 10    Paraguay :3 deaths 

6. Causes

7. Clinical Symptoms Stunted growth Diarrhea Edema Discoloration of hair and skin Anemia Protuded belly Moonface

8. Biochemical Manisfestations Decreased plasma albumin concentration(<2g/dl, N:3-4.5) Diarrhea Deficiency of K+ Fatty liver Edema Lack of adequate plasma proteins to maintain water distribution between blood and tissues Plasma retinol binding protein is reduced Immunological response very low

9. Treatment Carbohydrates first, then protein Ingest protein rich foods 3-4g of protein/kg body weight/day Treatment can be monitored: using plasma albumin concentration disappearance of edema gain in body weight

10. Kwashiorkor vs. Marasmus Clinical parameter Kwashiorkor Marasmus Age of onset Pre- school (1-5 years old ) Weaned infants (<1years old) Main nutritional cause Low protein intake Low calorie intake Body weight 60-80% of normal < 60% of normal Growth Mild retardation Severe retardation Abdomen Protruding Shrunken Facial appearances Moonface Like old man’s face

11. Conclusion Occurs to lack of protein Most likely occur in third world countries Characterized by protruded belly Can be treated with rich protein foods

12. Reference DM Vasudevan Sreekumari , Kannan Vaidyanathan , textbook of biochemistry for medical students, sixth edition,2011. U. Satyanarayana and U.Chakrapani , Biochemistry,3 rd edition,2012 http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/001604prv.htm