Memory and its effect and side effects on people

Its about memory

1. MEMORY

2. Definition The process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information is known as memory. Memory is involved in processing vast amounts of information. This information takes many different forms, e.g. images, sounds or meaning. 

3. Encoding: The process of receiving, processing, and combining information. The process of encoding begins with perception, which is the identification, organization, and interpretation of any sensory information in order to understand it within the context of a particular environment. Visual coding enables information to be stored as pictures. Acoustic coding enables information to be stored as sounds. Semantic coding enables information to be stored as meanings. Stages of Memory

4. Storage: Storage is the retention of the encoded information. Deals with the nature of the memory, time duration of the memory, amount of information stored and type of memory. Storage is achieved through two types of rehearsal: Maintenance rehearsal uses repetition to aid storage. Repeating some information/ revising again and again/ wrought memory . Elaborative rehearsal aids storage by fitting new information into an organizational system (giving meaning). Elaborative rehearsal is generally more secure than maintenance rehearsal. Making notes Diagrams Flow-charts Retrieval: Retrieval, or getting the information out of memory and back into awareness. Failure to retrieve a memory is considered as not being able to recall it. Stages of Memory

5. Types of Memory

6. Sensory Memory Also called sensory register. Brief storage of information. Refers to the first and most immediate form of memory you have. Deals with sensory information through the five senses: Sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.

7. Short Term Memory Short-term Memory : A part where new information is stored temporarily, until it is either lost or placed into long term memory. It holds only a few items (research shows a range of 7 +/- 2 items). Items can be moved from short-term memory to long-term memory via processes like rehearsal. Most information that gets into sensory memory is forgotten, but information that we turn our attention to, with the goal of remembering it, pass into STM. For example, Read these words and then recall it : T-HED-OGS-AW-TH-ECA-T Digit span memory test : 18791931402

8. Long-term Memory Long-term Memory : Part of memory which has unlimited capacity and can hold information indefinitely. Although there is the element of forgetting. The information from STM moves to LTM through rehearsal and meaningful association.

9. Type of Memory What It Is Examples Implicit Memory Refers to knowledge that we cannot consciously access. It is a memory of skills and how to do things particularly movement of body parts and use of objects or machine. This memory is acquired through repetition and practice. Riding a bike, tying a shoe lace, playing a guitar etc. Explicit Memory It refers to the knowledge or experiences that we can consciously remembered. The ability to recall addresses, locations of parking, phone numbers, experience at restaurant etc. Types of Long Term Memory

10. Type of Memory What It Is Examples Episodic Memory It refers to the personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place. Memory of experiences and specific events in time. First day at a new job, first movie you watched, your wedding day etc. Semantic Memory It refers to knowledge of facts and concepts about the world. It is the recollection of facts gathered from the time we are young. Names of colours, sound of letters, capital of cities, social customs, vocabulary etc. Types of Long Term Memory

11. Techniques to Improve Memory

12. Technique What It Is Examples Chunking Chunking is the oldest method used in memorization. In this method, the items to be memorized are divided into small and easily memoizable chunks or groups. It is useful when trying to remember information like dates, phone numbers etc. IMPOSSIBLE IM+POS+I+BLE MATHEMATICS MA+THE+MA+TICS 081127882 = 081-127-882 Mnemonic A mnemonic is a tool to help remember facts or a large amount of information. It can be a song, rhyme or a phrase to help remember large pieces of information, facts, steps, stages, parts etc. ORDER OF MATH OPERATIONS :   Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiply, Divide, Add, and Subtract)  Mr. VEM J. SUN Using this name we can easily recall the correct order of the planets:  M ercury,  V enus,  E arth,  M ars,  J upiter,  S aturn,  U ranus, and  N eptune. Techniques to Improve Memory

13. Technique What It Is Examples Rehearsal It refers to the conscious repetition of information to be remembered. Math's table. Elaborative Rehearsal Elaborative rehearsal is a technique to help the short-term memory store thoughts and ideas and pass them into the long-term memory. It works by relating new concepts to old concepts that are already in the long-term memory so that these new concepts stick. The information can be made meaningful by relating it to prior knowledge or making the information meaningful in a personal way. Studying for an exam If you were presented with a list of digits for later recall (4968214), grouping the digits together to form a phone number transforms the stimuli from a meaningless string of digits to something that has meaning. Techniques to Improve Memory