Methods of Teaching

Methods of Teaching may be categorised into three:
Teacher Centered Method
Learner Centered Method
Equal Participatory Method

1. Methods of Teaching Dr. Pooja Walia Assistant Professor Department of Education Mizoram University Aizawl

2. Outline of the Presentation Methods of teaching Classification of Teaching Methods Teacher's Centred Methods Learner's Centred Methods Equal Participatory Methods

3. Methods of Teaching Method is a way to transact content to the students. It is a road map by which learning objectives may achieved. There are various method used by a teacher in the class. Classification of Methods Teacher Centred Methods Learner Centred Methods Equal Participatory Methods

4. Teacher’s Centred Methods Teacher’s centred methods are those methods in which teacher plays main role. Teacher is more active rather than students. e .g. Lecture Method Lecture cum Board Method Deductive Method Textbook method

5. Learner’s C entred M ethods Learner’s centred methods are those methods in which Learner’s plays active role. Learner is more active rather than teacher. Learning Centred methods are as follows: Project Method Problem Solving Method Heuristic Method

6. Equal Participatory Method Some methods are like that in which learner and teacher play equal role. Inductive Deductive Method Lecture Cum Discussion Method Lecture cum Demonstration Method Analytic Synthetic Method

7. Lecture Method When a teacher takes the help of a lengthy short explanation in order to clarify his ideas or some fact, that explanation is termed as a lecture method. Actually the lecture method is not a new method, but it is a traditional autocratic method. This method is used to disseminate the information. Teacher as an expert in his field, he identify important information for the learner and transmit his knowledge in the lecture. The lecture method is recommended for high consensus disciplines–those in which there is agreement on the fundamental principles and procedures, such as math and the natural sciences. A lecture can be an effective method for communicating theories, ideas, and facts to students. Typically a structured presentation, a lecture should be designed to include certain procedures in order to be effective– procedures that research and expert lecturers have identified as essential to assist student learning.

8. Advantages of Lecture Method The following are the basic advantages of the lecture method: It provides an economical and efficient method for delivering substantial amounts of information to large numbers of student. It affords a necessary framework or overview for subsequent learning, e.g., reading assignments, small group activities, discussion. It offers current information (more up to date than most texts) from many sources. It provides a summary or synthesis of information from different sources. It creates interest in a subject as lecturers transmit enthusiasm about their discipline. There are disadvantages to using the lecture method as a primary teaching method. An effective lecture requires both extensive research and preparation and effective delivery skills to maintain students’ attention and motivation.

9. Disadvantages of Lecture Method There are disadvantages to using the lecture method as a primary teaching method. An effective lecture requires both extensive research and preparation and effective delivery skills to maintain students’ attention and motivation. In addition, the lecture has other drawbacks: It does not afford the instructor with ways to provide students with individual feedback. It is difficult to adapt to individual learning differences. It may fail to promote active learning unless other teaching strategies, such as questioning and problem-solving activities, are incorporated into the lecture. It does not promote independent learning.

10. Project Method Project method is one of the modern method of teaching in which, the students point of view is given importance in designing the content of studies. This method is based on the philosophy of Pragmatism and the principle of ‘Learning by doing’. In this strategy pupils perform constructive activities in natural condition.The project method is an educational enterprise in which children solve a practical problem over a period of several days or weeks. It may involve building a rocket, designing a playground, or publishing a class newspaper etc.

11. Principles of Project Method This teaching strategy is based on the following principles: Principle of Utility: Choose those projects which are closer to the social life. Principle of readiness: Involve the learners in finding the solution of the problem with their active participation. Learning by Doing: Learner performs certain tasks and experiences new things. This adds to his knowledge and results in learning. Socialization: It develops the feeling of cooperation and group work. Inter-disciplinary Approach. To involve the knowledge of different subjects in solving the social problems.

12. Types of Projects According to Kilpatric, “A project is a whole-hearted purposeful activity proceeding in a social environment. Kilpatric has classified the project method in four types. Constructive: When learners have to construct some things related to social life. e.g. charts, models, maps, parcels etc. Artistic: These projects are generally allotted in the aesthetic fields of life. e.g. in music, drawing, painting art and culture. Problem-Solving: These projects are given to solve the problems related to any life-situation or related to any subject e.g. how to operate bank accounts? Or how to send an email or letter. These general problems if solved, will make a child efficient for social-life. Group-Work: A team of students is assigned a work to be performed. e.g. to develop a garden in the school.

13. Advantages & Disadvantages Advantages It helps in developing social norms and social values among the learners. It provides invaluable opportunities for correlation of various elements of the subject matter and for transfer of training or learning. It helps in growing knowledge very effectively as a results of their close cooperation on social participation in the spirit of democracy. Disadvantages The project cannot be planned for all subjects and whole subject matter cannot be taught by this strategy. It is not economical from the point of view of time and cost. It is very difficult for a teacher to plan or to execute the projects to the learners and supervise them.

14. Problem Solving Method A child is given some problems and finds solutions independently. The learner becomes pro-active.

15. Steps of Problem Solving

16. Steps of Problem Solving

17. Merit

18. Heuristic Method The students acquire knowledge by discovering the facts himself in this method. The problematic situation is raised before students and first comes the hypothesis then facts. The term 'Heuristic' refers to Amstrong who is the exponents of this strategy. It is based on the psychological principle of trial and error. Logical and imaginative thinking are prerequisites for this type of teaching strategy. The method is very suitable for the student to increase self-confidence.

19. Inductive Method Given by Bacon, usually called the scientific method. It is the most natural way of teaching by going concentrate on abstract thinking or know to unknow thinking. Promotes divergent thinking.

20. Merits of Inductive Method

21. Demerits of Inductive Method

22. Deductive Method Aristotle invented this method. In this method, a learner learns the formula, laws, and principle first and applies it on various examples. Here the teacher goes from general to specific. It saves energy and time for the learner. Promotes convergent thinking.

23. Deductive Method

24. Merits of Deductive Method

25. Demerits of Deductive Method

26. Analytic Method

27. M

28. Lecture Cum Discussion Method In this method, the teacher discusses a matter with his pupils. It can be formal or informal. Students try to dominate through logical argument. They criticize each other by their own logic. The development of leadership quality is one of the main objectives of this method. It develops the ability of tolerance in the students. Attitude and aptitude also measure through this method. The teacher provides open-ended questions. It develops students' expression of power.

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