Milady Barber Chapter 1 History SLide show presentation

milady barbering course management slide show presentation

1. Part 1—Orientation to Barbering Chapter 1 History of Barbering

2. Learning Objectives Discuss the evolution of barbering and the origin of the word barber . Describe the practices of the barber-surgeons and the meaning behind the barber pole.

3. Learning Objectives Identify the organizations responsible for advancing the barbering profession and the function of state barber boards. Recognize the resurgence of barbering in the twenty-first century and the wealth of opportunities available to the new barber.

4. Why Study the History of Barbering? ~Class Discussion~

5. Understand the History of Barbering Ancient Cultures Haircutting and hairstyling were practiced in glacial age. Implements included sharpened flints, oyster shells, bone, animal sinew or strips. Many primitive cultures maintained a connection between body, mind, and spirit. (Continued)

6. Understand the History of Barbering Egyptians: First culture to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion Egyptian barber Meryma’at held in high esteem (Continued)

7. Understand the History of Barbering (Continued) © Universal History Archive/Contributor/Universal Images Group/Getty Images

8. Understand the History of Barbering African Masai Warriors Braiding used to denote tribal status Three braids in front section Queue down the back Time of Moses Thirteenth to twelfth centuries BC Barbering available to general population (Continued)

9. Understand the History of Barbering Golden Age of Greece (500 to 300 BC) Barbering became a highly developed art. Beards became status symbols. Barbers rose in prominence. Barbershops became gathering places. (Continued)

10. Understand the History of Barbering Alexander the Great (300 BC) Persians grabbed Macedonians’ beards in battle and dragged them to the ground, where they were speared or beheaded. Alexander issued a decree that all soldiers be clean shaven. (Continued)

11. Understand the History of Barbering Roman Culture Ticinius Mena brought shaving to Rome from Sicily in 296 BC. Noblemen engaged private tonsors . Average citizens visited barbershops for: shaves, haircutting and dressing, massages, and manicures. (Continued)

12. Understand the History of Barbering Emperor Hadrian Grew beard to hide scars on his chin. Barber is derived from Latin word barba , meaning beard. Tonsorial means cutting, clipping, or trimming of hair with shears or razor. (Continued)

13. Understand the History of Barbering

14. Understand the History of Barbering Customs and Traditions Superstitions were associated with hair. Hairstyles indicated social status. Roman women’s hair color indicated class. Religion, occupation, politics indicated by hairstyle and beards. Clergymen were distinguished by the tonsure . Rulers and monarchs became trendsetters. (Continued)

15. Understand the History of Barbering © Universal History Archive/Contributor/Universal Images Group/Getty Images

16. Understand the History of Barbering

17. Understand the History of Barbering

18. Understand the History of Barbering The Beard and Shaving Upper Paleolithic: stone razors, 40,000 to 10,000 BC Neolithic: clean-shaven men in art, 8,000 to 5,000 BC Egyptians: head and face by 7,000 BC Mesopotamians: by 3,000 BC Sumerians: by 2,800 BC Greeks: by 1,000 BC (Continued)

19. Understand the History of Barbering The Beard and Shaving Beard: sign of wisdom, strength, manhood Orthodox Jews: beard sign of religious devotion Beard shaving constituted rite of passage. Rulers and priests influenced beards and shaving.

20. Trace the Rise of the Barber-Surgeons Barbers assisted clergy during Middle Ages in: Bloodletting Minor surgery Herbal remedies Tooth pulling Clergy were forbidden from the practice of bloodletting in AD 1163. Barbers continued bloodletting and surgeries. Barbers-surgeons practiced dentistry. (Continued)

21. Trace the Rise of the Barber-Surgeons England 1308: Worshipful Company of Barbers guild formed in London to regulate profession. Two classes: those who practiced barbering and those who specialized in surgery. Surgeons formed guild with oversight by Barbers’ Guild until 1462. Merged guilds formed Company of Barber-Surgeons. (Continued)

22. Trace the Rise of the Barber-Surgeons Reunited by Act of Parliament in 1540 by King Henry VIII. Alliance completely dissolved in 1745. (Continued) With permission of The Worshipful Company of Barbers, London, UK

23. Trace the Rise of the Barber-Surgeons France First barber-surgeon organization 1096 Barber-surgeon guild 1371 Ambroise Paré Renaissance barber-surgeon Father of modern surgery (Continued)

24. Trace the Rise of the Barber-Surgeons Barber-Surgeons Also flourished in Germany. 1779: barber-wigmakers cooperation founded in Prussia. Barber-surgeons brought to America by Dutch and Swedish settlers to look after colonists.

25. Trace the Rise of the Barber-Surgeons The Barber Pole Symbol of barber-surgeon, evolved from bloodletting procedure. Pole: staff Bottom end-cap: basin White stripe: bandages Red stripe: blood Blue stripe: veins © ARENA Creative/Shutterstock.com

26. Understand Modern Barbering Organizations and State Boards Upgrading and Regulating the Profession Master barber groups Journeymen barber groups First barber school Chicago, Illinois, 1893 A. B. Moler Moler Manual of Barbering (Continued)

27. Understand Modern Barbering Organizations and State Boards Minnesota: 1897: first barber-licensing law set standards for sanitation, minimum education, licensing. Associated Master Barbers of America 1924: organized in Chicago; represented salon owners and managers. 1941: Associated Master Barbers and Beauticians of America (AMBBA) (Continued)

28. Understand Modern Barbering Organizations and State Boards 1925: National Educational Council Requirements for barber schools Standardized barber instructor training Established a barbering curriculum Promulgated for state barbering laws National Association of Barber Schools School operation standardized in 1927 (Continued)

29. Understand Modern Barbering Organizations and State Boards National Association of State Board of Barber Examiners Created in 1929 in St. Paul, Minnesota. Standardized exam applicant qualifications. Established evaluation methods. AMBBA Barber Code of Ethics Promotes professional responsibility. (Continued)

30. Understand Modern Barbering Organizations and State Boards State Boards Since 1929, all states passed laws regulating practice of barbering and hairstyling. Protection of health, safety, welfare of public. National Association of Barber Boards of America (NABBA)

31. Consider the State of Barbering Today Improvements Over Past Century: Implementation of regulatory and educational standards Improved hygiene and cleaning practices in the barbershop Availability and use of better implements and tools (Continued)

32. Consider the State of Barbering Today Improvements Over Past Century: Mandatory study of anatomy dealing with the head, face, and neck Study of products and preparations used in facial, scalp, and hair treatments

33. Consider the State of Barbering Today 1940s and 1950s: heyday of American barbershops February 9, 1964: Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show; cultural and social bedrock of long-hair revolution for men 1980s: rise of unisex salons 1990s: full-service salons and spas

34. Consider the State of Barbering Today Turn of Twenty-First Century Resurgence in barbering New schools opened in many states New barbershops: independent and franchised Barbering flourishing of an “art of manliness” 2010: return of beards and beard designs (Continued)

35. Consider the State of Barbering Today

36. What Did We Learn and Do Today? Discussed origin of the word barber . Explored evolution of barbering as profession. Discussed superstitions and myths associated with the hair and beard. Discussed origin of the barber pole. Discussed barber-surgeons and their practices.

37. What Did We Learn and Do Today? Identified organizations responsible for upgrading the barbering profession. Identified importance and function of barber boards. Discussed changes and improvements in the practice of barbering.