Milady infection control updated

Chapter 5

1. AGENDA State laws & Rules Bacteria classifications Disinfection types Sanitization, Disinfection & Cleaning Universal Precautions

2. To CLEAN is a mechanical process like scrubbing, using soap & water or detergent & water to remove VISIBLE dirt, debris & many disease causing germs

3. SANITIZING is a chemical process that reduces the number of disease causing germs on CLEANED surfaces to a safe level; FIRST STEP IN DISINFECTION (scrubbing item to remove debris so pathogens can not grow and disinfection can begin)

4. DISINFECTION is a chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms on environment surfaces

5. STATE and FEDERAL agencies regulate the practice of cosmetology. FEDERAL - set guidelines for manufacturing the sale & use of equipment & chemical ingredients in the work place STATE - regulates licensing, enforcement & your conduct in the salon

6. FEDERAL AGENCIES U.S. Department of Labor regulates & enforces safety & health standards in the workplace OSHA ACT of 1970 established the HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD ( HCS ) which requires chemical manufacturers/importers to list potential hazards of their products

7. SDS- Safety Data Sheet replaced MSDS -Material Safety Data Sheets Federal & State require that manufacturers supply SDS for ALL chemical products made & sold

8. SDS Safety Data Sheet Includes: IDENTIFICATION HAZARD IDENTIFICATION COMPOSITION/INFO ON INGREDIENTS FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES HANDLING & STORAGE EXPOSURE/PROTECTION

9. SDS Safety Data Sheet Includes: PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES STABILITY & REACTIVITY TOXICOLOGY ECOLOGICAL DISPOSAL TRANSPORT REGULATORY REVISION DATE

10. EPA-Environmental Protection Agency Registers all types of disinfectants sold & used in the U.S.

11. DISINFECTANTS are chemical products that destroy most bacteria, fungi & viruses on surfaces; They fall into 2 categories: HOSPITAL DISINFECTANTS TUBERCULOCIDAL

12. HOSPITAL DISINFECTANTS - effective enough for a hospital & are effective for cleaning blood & body fluids Used on NONPOROUS surfaces; control the spread of DISEASE , which is an abnormal condition of all or part of the body or its systems/organs ( body can not function normally )

13. TUBERCULOCIDAL DISINFECTANTS - proven to kill the bacteria that causes tuberculosis; can be harmful to salon tools/equipment & may need special disposal

14. Exist to protect the consumers health, safety & welfare Require facilities to follow specific procedures Enforce rules by inspections & investigations STATE REGULATORY AGENCIES

15. LAWS - written by state & federal legislature to determine the scope of practice of a license holder; sets guidelines for agencies to follow RULES - set by the regulatory agencies or state board & affirm how the law must be used STATE REGULATORY AGENCIES

16. How is Cleaning defined? What is the difference between Sanitizing and Disinfection? What are the 2 types of Regulatory agencies? What does OSHA stand for? What does SDS stand for? What are some things listed on an SDS? What does EPA stand for? What are the 2 types of disinfectants used in the salon? What are the 2 procedures that State Regulatory agencies follow?

17. INFECTION - is the invasion of body tissues by disease causing pathogens Preventing the spread of infections is a great responsibility & is easy with the proper procedures PREVENTION BEGINS & ENDS WITH YOU

18. Is the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms 4 types of harmful organisms: BACTERIA VIRUSES FUNGI PARASITES

19. INFECTIOUS is capable of being transmitted by infection INFECTIOUS DISEASE is caused by pathogenic ( harmful )organisms; Spread from person to person Salon tools must be properly cleaned & disinfected for the safety of your guest, your team & yourself

20. To CLEAN is a mechanical process like scrubbing, using soap & water or detergent & water to remove VISIBLE dirt, debris & many disease causing germs from tools, implements & equipment

21. DISINFECTION is a chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms on environment surfaces

22. DISINFECTANTS USED IN SALON Bactericidal - Destroys bacteria Virucidal - Destroys viruses Fungicidal - Destroys fungi

23. BACTERIA - one-celled microorganisms that have both plant & animal characteristics MICROORGANISM - is any organism of microscopic/submicroscopic size; can only be seen with a microscope GERM - non scientific name for small organisms

24. Bacteria can exist on : skin water air decayed matter environmental surfaces body secretions clothing under free edge of nails

25. Thousands of kinds of bacteria; fall into 2 primary types PATHOGENIC NONPATHOGENIC

26. NONPATHOGENIC Helpful/harmless Help perform useful functions like decomposing refuse ( SAPROPHYTES live on dead matter, do not cause disease )& improving soil fertility Help metabolize food ( gut bacteria, yogurt,probiotics )protect against infection & stimulate immune response 70% of all bacteria is nonpathogenic

27. PATHOGENIC Harmful & Disease producing A PATHOGENIC DISEASE is a disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites Bacteria release toxins, and viruses damage our cells. White blood cells can ingest and destroy pathogens, by producing antibodies and antitoxins to neutralize toxins .

28. CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA COCCI - Round; can appear single or in a group; leading pathogen in humans; produce 1/3 of ALL infections

29. STAPHYLOCOCCI - Pus forming; grows in clusters like grapes; can cause abscess, boils, MRSA, STAPH CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

30. CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA STREPTOCOCCI - Pus forming; arranged in curved lines like a string of beads; causes strep and blood poisoning DIPLOCOCCI - Grows in pairs; causes pneumonia

31. CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA BACILLI - short, rod shape; most common; causes tetanus ( lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis & diptheria Diptheria - URT infection; effects heart & peripheral tissue Tetanus( lockjaw)

32. CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA SPIRILLA - spiral or corkscrew shape SUBDIVIDED INTO GROUPS: TREPONEMA PAPILLIDA- syphilis ( STDS) BORRELIA BURGDORFERI ( Lyme disease )

33. MOVEMENT OF BACTERIA MOTILITY - Describes self movement COCCI - Rarely move; transmitted through air, dust FLAGELLA- slender hair like; snake motion CILIA - many flagella, similar construction, moves in a rowing motion

34. What is the invasion of body tissues by disease causing pathogens? What are the 4 types of harmful organisms? Can infectious diseases be spread from contact? What is bacteria? What are 2 types of bacteria? Which is round shaped? Which is pus forming? Which is arranged in a curved line like a string of beads? Which causes pneumonia? Which ones are rod shaped? What do they cause? What is used to describe the self movement of bacteria? Which bacteria is t ransmitted through air? What is the difference between Flagella and Cilia?

35. BACTERIAL GROWTH & REPRODUCTION PROTOPLASM - 70-90% water; mineral salts & organic compounds LIFE CYCLE HAS 2 PHASES: ACTIVE INACTIVE

36. ACTIVE STAGE Thrives in warm, moist, dark, dirty environments; reproduce & grow quickly 20 -60 minutes to reach FULL growth Divides into new cells through BINARY FISION to become DAUGHTER CELL ACTIVE STAGE 16 million cells can produce in less than 12 hours

37. INACTIVE or SPORE FORMING STAGE Forms a spore to protect itself from incompatible environments BACTERIAL SPORE - hard keratin coating No growth Not affected by disinfection, cold or heat but can still spread like ANTHRAX & eventually become active again 1 DNA strand Multiple DNA Strands

38. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS LOCAL - pimple/ abscess; confined to one area SYSTEMIC/ GENERAL Distributed through the body or a system/ organ; yeast infection; Door knobs, handshaking, implements INFLAMMATION - redness, heat, pain, swelling PUS - white blood cells, dead cells & bacteria

39. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS MRSA- Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus- Staph infection, can be SYSTEMIC CONTAGIOUS DISEASE - Communicable; coughing, sneezing, unclean hands/tools; EX: common cold, ringworm

40. VIRUSES Parasitic submicroscopic particle that infect cells of biological organisms; takes over host cell's reproductive function; Infects plants, animals & bacteria CAUSES- Colds, measles, mumps, pox, rabies, influenza, HIV

41. VIRUSES- Reproduction A virus can only live & reproduce by taking over other cells; Bacteria can live and reproduce BY THEMSELVES

42. VIRUSES AND ANTIBIOTICS Viruses are not affected by antibiotics; It is hard to kill viruses without harming your body's own cells Antibiotics block pathways inhibiting cell wall formation which stops the bacteria from reproducing Viruses are not alive and use a host to replicate ,which is not targeted by an antibiotic

43. VACCINATIONS - Prevent viruses from growing in the body Flu Hepatitis Measles Mumps Shingles HPV Diptheria

44. BIOFILM Colony of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces & the human body; Secrete a sticky protective coating; hard to penetrate even with disinfection & antimicrobials EX: dental plaque; Cystic Fibrosis ( lungs, sweat, mucus, GI ); pond scum/algae Keeps the body in a chronic inflammatory state that is painful and inhibits healing

45. BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS are disease causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids; It is possible to spread through haircutting, chemical burns, shaving, clipping, facials, waxing, tweezing etc .

46. BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS

47. BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS

48. BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS

49. What are the 2 stages of the Life Cycle for bacteria? What is inflammation? What makes up pus? What is the difference between Local and Systemic? What does MRSA stand for? Another word for contagious? Common diseases cosmetologist come across? What is the biggest difference between viruses and bacteria? Give an example of Biofilm? Give an example of blood borne pathogens Is there a difference between AIDS and HIV?

50. FUNGI - Single cell organisms that grow in irregular masses; Includes MOLDS, MILDEWS & YEAST

51. FUNGI MILDEW - Fungus; grows on plants/inanimate objects; does not cause harm FOLLICULITIS BARBAE - inflammation of the hair follicles; barbers itch

52. FUNGI TINEA BARBAE - superficial fungal infection; Affects bearded area, neck or hairline TINEA CAPITIS - fungal infection of the scalp; red papules or spots at the opening of hair follicle

53. FUNGI TINEA PEDIS - Ringworm of the foot; Athletes Foot

54. PARASITES Organisms that grow, feed and shelter on or in other living organisms INTERNAL- fish/meat not cooked properly EXTERNAL- ticks, fleas, lice

55. PARASITES PEDICULOSIS CAPITIS- Head lice Not be treated in a school or salon

56. PARASITES SCABIES - caused by the itch mite

57. IMMUNITY - The ability of the body to destroy, resist & recognize infection; Categorized as NATURAL & ACQUIRED

58. NATURAL IMMUNITY- inherited & developed through healthy living

59. ACQUIRED IMMUNITY - body develops after overcoming a disease through vaccinations or through natural allergens

60. What are examples of Fungi? What is the inflammation of a hair follicle caused by Staphylococcus aureus? Another name for ringworm? How to parasites thrive? Technical term for lice? What is scabies? What are the 2 types of immunity?

61. PREVENT THE SPREAD OF DISEASE INFECTION CONTROL - can prevent the spread of disease & prevent exposure to blood & debris like dust, hair & skin Requires 2 steps: CLEANING & DISINFECTING with an EPA registered disinfectant to effectively eliminate pathogens

62. STERILIZATION - destroys all microbial life; typically requires an autoclave; must be cleaned prior DECONTAMINATION - removal of all blood and other potential infectious materials, as well as the Ronald of debris, dust, hair & skin

63. CONTAMINATION -presence of blood or infectious materials on surfaces

64. CLEANING - is the removal of visible dirt & debris from tools, implements & equipment by washing with soap & warm water A surface must be properly cleaned before it can properly disinfected : Wash with soap & warm water, then clean with disinfected nail brush Using a ultrasonic unit Using a cleaning solvent ( ex: on metal bits for electric files)

65. DISINFECTION - eliminates most but not all microorganisms on non porous surfaces; not effective against bacterial spores Disinfection is effective on shears, nippers & multi-use tools Not for use on skin, hair or nails Not used as hand cleaner, can cause irritation & allergies

66. CONTACT TIME - amount of visibly moist time required to be effective against pathogens EFFICACY - ability to produce an effect; effectiveness of a disinfecting solution kills organisms

67. PROPER USE OF DISINFECTANTS Implements must be thoroughly cleaned of all visible matter before placing in solution COMPLETE IMMERSION means there is enough liquid to cover all surfaces for 10 minutes or recommended time

68. DISINFECTANT TIPS Use only on pre cleaned, hard, nonporous surfaces Always wear gloves & safety glasses Always dilute according to instructions Must be submerged for 10 min On large surfaces: disinfectant must remain on pre cleaned surfaces; remains wet for 10 min Label or state rules may require Complete Immersion Change according to instructions Whirlpool, pipeless or air jet pedicure spa requires 10 min circulation with solution

69. What does infection control do? What is sterilization? What is the difference between contamination and decomination ? What are the 3 ways to properly clean? Can disinfection kill bacterial spores? What does Contact time mean? What does Efficacy mean? What are some tips when disinfecting?

70. QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS " QUATS " Effective in a salon setting Advanced formulations are called multiple quats Contain anti-rust ingredients Disinfect in 10 minutes Long term exposure may damage fine steel

71. PHENOLICS DISINFECTANTS Tuberculocidal Form of formaldehyde Harmful to environment, damage rubber, plastic & cause metals to rust Do not pour down the drain Avoid skin contact Have pH; cause skin irritations; burn skin & eyes Carcinogens; not used on pedicure tubs or equipment

72. BLEACH Sodium Hypochlorite Effective disinfectant Used in salons for large areas Too much can damage metals & plastics Corrosive to metals Skin irritation & eye damage Should not be used on shears, combs & brushes

73. DISINFECTANT SAFETY Disinfectants are pesticides & can cause serious skin & eye damage ALWAYS : Keep SDS on hand Wear gloves & safety glasses Avoid skin & eye contact Add disinfectant to water then dilute to prevent foaming Use tongs, gloves or draining basket Keep out of reach of children Measure and use according to label Follow mixing, using & disposing instructions Replace according to label or daily

74. DISINFECTANT SAFETY Disinfectants are pesticides & can cause serious skin & eye damage NEVER : Let QUATS, Phenols or bleach come in contact with skin If contact occurs, immediately wash area with liquid soap & warm water, rinse & pat dry Place in an unmarked container

75. DISINFECT OR DISPOSE? MULTI-USE - Can be cleaned, disinfected; nippers, shears, combs, pushers SINGLE-USE - Disposable; porous; pumice stones, files, buffers

76. Days of the week Employee Usage Cleaning Disinfecting Testing Maintenance How it was used What did you clean What did you disinfect If everything running properly Any equipment upkeep DISINFECTANT LOG BOOK

77. DISINFECTING ELECTRICAL TOOLS & EQUIPMENT Hair clippers, electrotherapy tools & nail drills have contact points that CAN NOT BE IMMERSED These items need to be cleaned & disinfected with a EPS registered disinfectant Follow labels & instructions

78. CLEANING TOWELS, LINENS & CAPES Clean towels, linens & capes for each guest Must not be used twice Follow labels instructions Items that are not dry completely may grow mildew or bacteria Store clean items in CLOSED container Use disposable towels in restrooms/kitchen/break area Use neck strips

79. DISINFECTING FOOT SPAS AND PEDICURE EQUIPMENT All equipment that contains water must be cleaned and disinfected after EVERY service Should be entered in a logbook Single use tub liners may be used in some states

80. TYPES OF FOOT SPAS WHIRLPOOL - massaging effect by re-circulating water through pipes & jets AIR JET BASIN - uses blower to force air through small holes; bubbling massage; does not circulate

81. Piped spas need to be properly cleaned so disease microorganisms that can grow inside pipes will not spread A small fungus can quickly grow in to sepsis

82. TYPES OF FOOT SPAS PIPELESS foot spa NON WHIRLPOOL foot basin

83. SOAPS & DETERGENTS 1 . 2 . CHELATING SOAPS - break down stubborn films, removes residue from salts, masks, product build up

84. ADDITIVES, POWDERS, TABLETS Can not be used to replace EPA registered disinfectant DISPENSARY Kept clean and orderly Containers clearly marked Store products according to manufacturer SDS for all products in a central location

85. HANDWASHING

86. WATERLESS HAND SANITIZER ANTISEPTICS - chemical germicides formulated for use on skin; regulated by the FDA Can be drying Best if used AFTER handwashing Excessive use can kill good bacteria

87. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS PROTECT YOU AND YOUR GUESTS Published by CDC requires that employer & employee must assume all blood & body fluid is infectious since Blood borne pathogens are asymptomatic

88. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ( PPE ) Gloves : Standard Precautions include gloves, masks & eyewear to be worn when contact with blood or body fluids is a possibility Single use; Need a new set for each guest and sometimes must be changed during service

89. PROPER REMOVAL OF GLOVES

90. EXPOSURE INCIDENT - is contact with non intact skin, blood, body fluid or infectious material TURN TO HANDLING AN EXPOSURE INCIDENT IN YOUR MILADY BOOK AND WRITE DOWN THE STEPS OUTLINED

91. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES Keep floors & stations dust free Control dust, hair & debris Keep trash in a covered receptacle Clean fans, ventilation & humidifiers Keep areas well lit Clean & disinfect restroom & door handles Provide toilet paper/towels, liquid soap, soft nail brushes Keep food fridge separate from salon products No eating, drinking, smoking where services are Empty trash daily Containers properly marked No tools in your mouth or pocket Properly clean/disinfect all multiuse tools

92. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES Store cleaned tools in covered container Keep disinfected implements separate Avoid touching face, mouth or eyes during service Clean work surface after EVERY guest Wash hands Use clean linens Keep soiled linens separate Use neck strips Have nail guests wash hands prior to a service Use proper exhaust system

93. What is the primary purpose of a regulatory agency? What is an SDS? What does OSHA stand for? What are the 4 types of microorganisms? What are the 2 primary types of bacteria ?

94. Can a porous item be disinfected? How do you clean pedicure foot spa? What is the division of a bacterial cell into 2 new cells? What is caused by the itch mite? Are disinfectants inactivated in the presence of oils, lotions, creams and dust?

95. REMEMBER!!!!!