Models of Teaching

Different model of teaching are described.

1. MODELS OF TEACHING Muneeba Koser

2. What is a Teaching Model? “ Teaching is a art of assisting another person to learn. It includes provision of information about appropriate situation, conditions or activities designed to facilitate learning”. (English&English-1958) “Teaching is an interaction between teacher and student, under the teacher’s responsibility in order to bring about expected change in student’s behaviours”. “Teaching is an activity which is designed and performed for multiple objectives, in term of changes in pupil’s behaviour”. (Mujeeb-ul-Hasan Siddiqi-1991)

3. Concept of Model “Models are mainly representations copies or images of real object. They can be used to represent objectives, systems, concept of ideas”.( Harry Dhand-1991) “Models refer to a set of basic assumptions that outline the universe of scientific inquiry specifying both the concepts regarded as legitimate and the methods to be used in collecting and interpreting data”. (Bhatacharaya-1993) “The model is pattern of something to be made or reproduced. It is a mean of transferring a relationship or a process from its actual setting to another one in which its can be applied more conveniently and effectively”. ( Mujeeb-ul-Hasan Siddique-1991)

4. Concept Model of Teaching “ Model of teaching can be defined as an instructional design, which describes the process of specifying and producing particular environmental situation which cause the students to interact in such a way that a specific change occurs in the behaviour”.(S.S. Chohan-1989) “Model of teaching is plan or pattern that can be used to shape curricula, to design instructional material and to guide instructions in the classroom an other settings. The most important aim of any model of teaching is to improve the instructional effectiveness in an interactive atmosphere and to improve or shape the curriculum”.(Mujeeb-ul-Hasan-1991)

5. Characteristics of a Model of Teaching All good model of teaching have some common identifiable characteristics which are described as follows: Scientific procedure: A model of teaching is not a haphazard combination of facts but on the other hand it is a systematic procedure to modify the behaviours of the learners. Specification of learning outcomes: All models of teachings specify the learning outcomes in detail on observable students performance and what the students will perform after completing an instructional sequence.

6. Characteristics of a Model of Teaching….cont. Specification of environmental: This means that every model of teaching specifies indefinite terms the environmental conditions under which a student’s response should be observed. Criterion of performance: A model of specifies the criterion of acceptable performance which is expected from the students. A model of teaching delineates the behavioural outcomes which the learners would demonstrate after completing specific instructional sequence.

7. Functions  Help in bringing about desirable changes in the behaviour of learners  Help in achieving desirable teacher-pupil interaction during teaching  Help in the construction of a curriculum or content of a course  Useful to develop social efficiency, personal abilities, cognitive abilities and behavioural aspects of the student  Help in designing appropriate educational activities  Help in guiding the teacher to select appropriate teaching techniques, strategies and methods  Help in the formation of a theory of teaching

8. Elements Four major components are included in all teaching models. Each of these components will vary with the models  The five major components are; Focus  Syntax Social system Principles of reaction Support system

9. Elements Two effects can gained through the practise of a model  Instructional effect Nurturant effect

10. Elements Focus Central aspect of a model  It includes the objectives of teaching and aspects of the environment  Syntax The sequence of steps involved in the organization of the complete programme of teaching The phases involved in the different models will differ Social system  The relationship between the teacher and the learners as well as the role played by each in the activities that take place

11. Elements Principles of reaction The nature of reaction expected from the teacher to every pupil activity  It give guidance to the teacher as to how he is expected to react to each activity of the learners, to suit the characteristics of the model selected Support system Additional requirements other than the usual human skills or capacities of the teacher  The facilities usually available in the classroom  A description of this support system in advance will help the teacher ensure that he can apply the model successfully.

12. Elements Instructional effect  Direct effects Effects of a lesson as purposefully envisaged by the teacher  Nurturant effects  Indirect effects  Effects that might happen as a by-product

13. Basic Teaching Model- Robert Glaser’s Model of School Learning The best substitute for a theory of teaching is a model of teaching. Teaching models merely suggest how various teaching and learning conditions are interrelated. In many fields models are prototypes of theories because they make possible our early conceptualization  and study of phenomena. Unlike theories, in their early state of development models lack factual support. Eventually useful models give way to empirically supported theories.

14. Basic Teaching Model- Robert Glaser’s Model of School Learning A Basic Teaching Model Robert Glaser (1962)  has developed a stripped-down teaching model which, with modifications, is the basic teaching model. The basic teaching model divides the teaching process into four components or parts. It will be useful in several ways. It helps to organize the great body of facts, concepts and principles which makes  up