Modes of formation of subjects by Gordon Amidu

This presentation describes the mode of formation of subjects.

1. MODES OF FORMATION OF SUBJECTS BY GORDON AMIDU MLISc . STUDENT ANDHRA UNIVERSITY

2. INTRODUCTION In the words of S.R.Ranganathan ‘ Knowledge is the totalities of the ideas conserved’.   .  

3. An idea is the product of thinking, reflecting, imaging etc.   A subject is the integration or fusion of many linked or similar ideas.

4. WHAT IS THE MODES of FORMATION OF SUBJECTS? The modes of formation subjects represents a system of relationships which act as a guide in recognizing and formulating relationships among concepts constituting a subject.

5. Many philosophers and library scientists have methodically studied the relationship of ideas and modes of formation of subjects.   Dr. S.R.Ranganathan and his followers analyzed subjects and their inter-relationships systematically. On analysis of subjects, they identified the following modes of formation of subjects.   Simply means, after systematic investigation of subjects and their closeness or inter-relationships by Dr. S.R.Ranganathan and his followers they identified the following procedures or approaches to the formation of subjects .  

6. MODES OF FORMATION OF SUBJECTS Loose Assemblage Lamination Fission Fusion Distillation Agglomeration Cluster

7. LOOSE ASSEMBLAGE The assembling together of two or more subjects or isolate ideas.   The subjects formed by this method are called complex subjects.   It is basically concerned with mutual relations   Six types of such relationships are identified among the components

8. SIX (6) TYPES   General Relation   EXAMPLE Relation Subject General Mathematics and Physics 2 . Difference     EXAMPLE Relation Subject Difference Difference between library and sociology

9. 3. Bios   EXAMPLE Relation Subject Bios Mathematics for Doctors 4. Influencing    EXAMPLE Relation Subject Influencing Role of religion in politics

10. 5. Comparison   EXAMPLE Relation Subject comparison Comparative study of Hinduism and Buddhism 6. Tool    EXAMPLE Relation Subject Tool Computers in Libraries

11. Relationship Intra-subject relation General Introduction to Botany and Zoology Bios Psychology for Managers Comparison Comparative study of geography and history Difference The difference between Botany and Agriculture Influence Role of religion in politics Tool Computers in Libraries Kinds of loose assemblages Three (3) Kinds Loose Assemblage (kind-1) In this kind two or more basic subjects (simple or compound) are related in any of the six types of relationships stated above. This is identified as inter-subject or intra subject phase relation.   EXAMPLE

12. 2. Loose Assemblage (kind-2) In this mode of formation of subjects, two or more isolate ideas of the same schedule are assembled to form new subjects. The relationship of the isolate ideas are any one of the six types of relations already stated. EXAMPLE Relationship Intra-facet relation General Introduction to Hinduism & Buddhism Bios Cataloguing in Special libraries Comparison Comparative study of Jainism & Buddhism Difference Difference between chemotherapy and radiotherapy Influence Influence of cataloguing on reference services

13. 3. Loose Assemblage (kind-3)   Here the complex subjects are formed by the assembly of two or more isolates of the same array in any one of the six types of relations stated above. isolate ideas belonging to the same array of a facet are in a relation with each other EXAMPLE

14. Relationship Intra-array relation General Study of inductive and deductive logic   ( scientific inquiry in social work ) Bias Consumer survey for marketing   (functions of management )   Comparison Study of rural and urban areas.   (social groups in sociology)   Difference Difference between export and import duty ( Trade ) Influence Influence of classification on cataloguing   (library science)  

15. 2) LAMINATION   The basic layer is a basic subject and the other layers are isolate ideas. The subjects formed in this mode are called compound subjects.   According to S.R.Ranganathan following kinds of lamination are identified in formation of subjects:     Two (2) kinds

16. Lamination (kind-1)   One or more isolate facets are combined with the basic subject giving rise to a compound subject .     Example: Anatomy of human body.   Basic subject = Medicine .   Isolate facet = Human body, Anatomy.

17. 2. Lamination (kind-2)   Two or more species of the basic subjects going with the same primary basic subject are laminated over one another giving rise to compound subject   Example     Species of basic subject = Radiation physics + Species of basic subject = wave mechanics   Compound subject = Study of radiation according to wave mechanics

18. 3) FISSION   Basic subject or an isolate is split into subdivision which is commonly known as fragmentation .   Two (2) kinds   Dissection   In this kind of fission the universe of entities are cut into parts of co-ordinate status, which means each lamina formed by dissection stands independent of another.   It is one of the methods of formation of basic subjects and isolates.

19.   EXAMPLE   Asia Europe Africa   (Each lamina formed by dissection stands independent of another)

20. 2. Denudation   In this mode subjects are formed as gradual subdivisions of a larger subject.   EXAMPLE Mathematics Algebra Trigonometry Calculus Geometry   Asia INDIA Andhra Pradesh Delhi Mumbai  

21. 4) FUSION   Fusion is a process or result of joining two or more things together to form one.   The two things that are joined together lose their identities to form a new thing with new properties.   Two or more primary basic subjects are merged in such a way that each loses its identity and form a new primary basic subject.

22. EXAMPLE   Biology + Chemistry = Bio-chemistry   ( This is formed by fusing Biology and Chemistry )       Biology and Engineering = Bio-Engineering   ( This is formed by fusing Biology and Engineering )  

23. 5) DISTILLATION   This mode a pure discipline is formed as main subject out of its appearance-in-action in diverse subjects.     EXAMPLE     Research Methodology   Management science

24. 6) AGGLOMERATION   Several main subjects are comprehended integrally to form broad subject areas which are studied as subjects.     EXAMPLE   Natural sciences Physical sciences Social sciences

25. 7 . CLUSTER   Several specialized studies on a particular entity are gathered together into the field of study.   EXAMPLE   Space Science (Here space is the entity that forms the focus of the cluster)    Indology   (Here all the literature that are generated about India)   Ocean Science   (Here ocean is the focus of the cluster) .

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