modue-3-SUMMARIZING6..................,l

Summarize

1. TRUE or FALSE: Read and analyze the statements below. Write TRUE if it is correct and FALSE if it is not. Write your answer on the space provided before the number . ________ 1. A summary is about the author’s arguments and details. It is not your personal opinions or judgments. ________ 2. In summarizing, the writer must use his own words . ________ 3. In summarizing, the writer must restate the most important ideas of the text. ________ 4. A summary should be between 10 to 25 percent of the original text’s length (1 percent for novels). ________ 5. If the summary is more than 25% of the original text’s length, the writer needs to delete more details and keep only the important information.

2. ________6. Summarizing is a short restatement of an original text but not necessarily including the main ideas. ________ 7. Summarizing is important in academic writing. ________8. In summarizing, it is important that the writer should acknowledge the source or author of the information in the original text. ________9. Comparing your summary with the original text is important. ________10. Summarizing is similar with paraphrasing.

3. SUMMARIZING

4. summarize will improve your memory for what you have read . The output is called a Summary . It contains the main points and important details of the text and should be written in your own words . summarizing will teach you how to discern the most important ideas in a text, how to ignore irrelevant information, and how to integrate the central ideas in a meaningful way.

5. Tips in summarizing: 1. Read the original text not just once but several times. Make sure to comprehend it well. 2. Identify the text structure (compare-contrast, cause-effect, sequence, descriptive , question-answer, and problem-solution) by looking into how the relationships between ideas are established.

6. 3. Take note or highlight the important details in the text. 4. After getting the main idea and important details, write your preliminary summary . 5 . Make sure to use your own words. 6. Check if your work does not go stray from the original text. 7. Read it again and make necessary revision or editing.

7. Use of Graphic Organizers You may use “Who, What, When, Where , Why, and How” as guide questions in making or using your graphic organizer.

8. Outline (traditional or modern)

9. Using the Techniques Directions: Summarize the article below using any of the mentioned techniques in summarizing.

10. What summarizing technique did you use ? Summary:

11. Aggressive Driving Should be Avoided Aggressive driving is a phenomenon, which has only got the public worried. The National Highway Traffic Safety Council (NHTSC) defines aggressive driving as the “operation of a motor vehicle in a manner that endangers or is likely to endanger persons or property”. Actions such as running red lights, improper passing, overtaking on the left, improper lane change, failing to yield, improper turns, running stop signs, tail gaiting, careless driving, and speeding are examples of

12. aggressive driving. Such actions are dangerous to other road users. Aggressive driving should be avoided because it causes crashes, injuries and fatalities. The first reason why aggressive driving should be avoided is it causes crashes. According to NHTSC between 78 percent (excessive speed) and 100 percent (improper passing) of the cases of aggressive driving resulted in traffic crashes and 96 percent of the drivers cited for “following too closely” or tail gaiting caused crashes as a result of their aggressive driving. Moreover, ‘running red light,” “improper passing”, and “overtaking on the left” topped other categories of aggressive driving in contributing to traffic crashes.

13. Another reason why aggressive driving should be avoided is it causes injuries. NHTSC states that the percentages of the injuries caused by aggressive driving are, in almost all categories of aggressive driving, above 100 percent. Aggressive driving also causes fatalities.” Overtaking on the left” appears to be the most important contributing factor in traffic fatalities as it relates to aggressive driving. “Improper lane change,” “running stop sign,” and “running red light” rank second through four in terms of their contribution to traffic fatalities. The above evidence shows that aggressive driving causes crash, injuries and fatalities. Hence, aggressive driving should be avoided. Since the opening on the North-South Highway, the number of kilometers of roads in the country has increased by one percent while the number of vehicle miles driven has increased by 35 percent. More cars and more drivers are also on the road leading to more aggressive drivers

14. The Golden Age of Comics The period from the late 1930s to the middle 1940s is known as the golden age of comic books. The modern comic book came in the early 1930s in the United States as a giveaway premium to promote the sale of the whole range of household products such as cereal and cleanser. The comic books, which are printed in bright colors to attract the attentions of potential customers, proved so popular that some publishers decided to produce comic books that would come out on a monthly basis and would sell for a dime each. Though comic strips had been reproduced in publications prior to this time, the Famous Funnies comic book, which was started in 1934, marked the first occasion that a serialized book of comics was attempted.

15. Early comic books reprinted already existing comic strips and comics based on known characters, however, publishers soon began introducing original characters developed specially for comic books. Superman was introduced in Action Comics in 1938, and Batman was introduced a year later. The tremendous success of these superhero comic books led to the development of numerous comic books on a variety of topics, though superhero comic book predominated. Astonishingly, by 1945, approximately 160 different comic books were being published in the United States each month, and 90 percent of US children were said to read comic books on a regular basis.