Module 09 - Basic Intellige.ppt ROTC students

Its is useful for ROTC students

2. INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO
INTELLIGENCE INTELLIGENCE

3. Unevaluated
material of any
kind
Analysis and
synthesis of
information into
knowledge

4. Nature of Intelligence
“Expectations on Intelligence”
… describe places we have never been
… identify customs and attitudes
fundamentally different from our own
… assess capabilities of unique and
unfamiliar group
… get into the mind of the enemy and
read his thoughts
… forecast the future

5. Nature of Intelligence
“Expectations on Intelligence”

“ Intelligence can only
reduce but never eliminate
the uncertainties inherent
in war “

6. Nature of Intelligence
Characteristics:
Timely - Provided early enough to support
planning, influence decisions and prevent
surprise from enemy action.
Accurate – Balanced, complete and objective
picture of the enemy and the battlefield.
Relevant – Supports the concept of operation
and the unit’s mission.
Predictive – Tell what the enemy is doing, can
do and most likely course of action.

7. Nature of Intelligence
2 MAIN OBJECTIVES
OF INTELLIGENCE
Provide accurate, timely and relevant
knowledge about the enemy (or
potential enemy) and surrounding
environment
Assist in protecting friendly forces
through counter intelligence

8. Intelligence Disciplines:
Human Intelligence (HUMINT) – Oldest of the
intelligence disciplines.
- Normally
employed to confirm, refute or augment intelligence
derived from other disciplines.
Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) – Product of imagery
analysis from radar, infrared and optical equipment.
- Most effective when
used to cue other collection systems or to verify
information provided by other means

9. Intelligence Disciplines:
Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT)
– Uses information gathered by technical
instruments such radars, lasers, electro-optical
sensors, etc. to measure objects/events and identify
them by their signatures.
Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) – Results from
collecting, locating, processing, analyzing,and
reporting intercepted communication emitters.

10. Intelligence Disciplines:
Counterintelligence (CI) – Multi-discipline (Counter-
HUMINT, Counter-SIGINT, etc) function designed to
defeat or prevent enemy intelligence gathering
efforts.
- Supports force protection.
Technical Intelligence (TECHINT) – Support
commanders by identifying or countering an
enemy’s momentary technological advantage, or by
maintaining a friendly technological advantage.

11. THE INTELLIGENCE OFFICERTHE INTELLIGENCE OFFICER
•The basic function of the intelligence officer is
the same at any level of command.
•The term “intelligence officer” includes all of the
different levels of designated whether as S2,
G2, or J2 and emphasizes techniques and
considerations which are primarily applicable to
the battalion S2.

12. THE FOUR AXIOMS OF
INTELLIGENCE

AXIOM NO 1 -Intel is crucial to internal security

AXIOM NO 2 - Intel is essential to all types of
opns

AXIOM NO 3 - Intel is the responsibility of all
government agencies

AXIOM NO 4 - Intelligence of the gov’t must be
superior to that of the enemy

13. AXIOM NO. 1
•Intelligence is crucial to internal
security.
•It can provide the following:
advanced warning of insurgent
activities
detailed knowledge of insurgent
orgns, personnel, plans and tactics
info which the gov’t and the AFP as
a whole need to act upon

14. AXIOM NO. 2
•Intel is essential to all types of opns.
•Government of a nation should initiate
a carefully planned, fully coordinated
& intensely executed program to
maintain or restore internal security.
•Contains three (3) basic types of
operations:
Internal Defense Operations
Internal Development Operations
Psychological Operations

15. INTERNAL DEFENSE OPNS
Directed against armed insurgents,
secessionist movements, as well as
the ultra-rightists, their organizations,
methods, motives, their support
system to include their human and
material resources.

16. INTERNAL DEV’T OPNS
Undertaken to improve the political,
economic and social aspects and
environments within a nation thereby
alleviating causes of dissatisfaction by
the people towards the government.
Example:
CMO
SOT Concept

17. PSYCHOLOGICAL OPNS
Conducted to influence the attitude
and behavior of all groups within the
populace thereby obtaining the
maximum support for the government.

18. AXIOM NO. 3
•Intel is the responsibility of all gov’t
agencies.
•All gov’t agencies should contribute
to the intelligence efforts to collect
the detailed information and
produce a comprehensive intel that
are required for internal defense,
internal development, and
psychological operations.

19. AXIOM NO. 4
•Intel of the government must be
superior to that of the enemy.
•The government's intelligence must
surpass the intelligence of the
subversive insurgents to be able to win
every battle and consequently win the
war of insurgency in the country.

20. MILITARY INFORMATIONMILITARY INFORMATION
•All facts, documents, materials,
photographs, diagrams, maps & reports
of observation of any kind which
increases our knowledge of a possible
true or false, accurate or inaccurate,
positive or negative, organized or
unorganized, and related or unrelated.
•Information is raw material, which has
not been processed.
•Information is not intelligence yet.

21. Definition of IntelligenceDefinition of Intelligence
Intelligence is an end product (knowledge)
resulting from the recording, evaluation,
analysis, integration, and interpretation of
information.
It is the activity involved in the production
of that end product which includes
collection, processing, dissemination and
use of knowledge.
It is the organization and use of the
knowledge.

22. Uses of IntelligenceUses of Intelligence
It assists the combat commander in
the accomplishment of his mission
by providing information about the
weather, enemy, people and terrain.
It provides the environmental
background for the formulation of
military strategy, force structure,
national security and defense policy.

23. Uses of IntelligenceUses of Intelligence
It assists in the setting up of useful
and realistic training programs by
providing vital information about a
potential adversary’s military strategy,
tactics, force capabilities and
limitations, concepts of operation for
employment of weapons systems and
his military doctrine.

24. Uses of IntelligenceUses of Intelligence
It assists in the development of
contingency plans and concepts by
providing the information regarding
current and potential threats posed by
any possible enemy.
It give warning of enemy plans so as to
avoid surprise attacks on our forces and
installations.

25. Broad Categories of IntelligenceBroad Categories of Intelligence
 National Intelligence - refers to the integrated product
of intelligence developed by all government departments
concerning the broad aspects of national policy and
national security.
 Department Intelligence - is that intelligence required
by an agency or department of the government in order
to execute its mission and discharge its responsibilities.
 Military Intelligence - is that intelligence used in the
preparation and execution of military plans, policies and
programs.

26. Broad Fields of Military Intelligence
Strategic Intelligence - it is that knowledge
pertaining to capabilities, vulnerabilities, and
probable courses of action of foreign nations.
 Capabilities - refers to the abilities of a
nation to carry out its national objectives by
virtue of its resources, technology and the like.
 Vulnerabilities - are the weakness which a
nation is susceptible to in peace or war.
 Probable Courses of Action - refers to
courses of action open to a nation that may be
adopted for accomplishing its national
objectives.

27. Broad Fields of Military Intelligence
Strategic Intelligence - it is that knowledge
pertaining to capabilities, vulnerabilities, and
probable courses of action of foreign nations.
 Components

P - olitical Intelligence

E - conomic Intelligence

T - ransportation and Telecom Intelligence

S - ociological Intelligence

B - iographic Intelligence

A - rmed Forces Intelligence

G - eographic Intelligence

S - cientific Intelligence

28. Broad Fields of Military Intelligence
:
Combat Intelligence - is used in
planning and conducting tactical and
administrative operations. It is
concerned with information about the
weather, enemy, people and terrain.

29. Broad Fields of Military Intelligence
Counterintelligence - denies information to
the enemy, increases the security of the
command, and aids in achieving surprise.
It consists of:
 Passive Measures

Secrecy Discipline

Security of classified info

Movement Control

Camouflage, etc
 Active Measures

Counter recon

Counterespionage

Counter-sabotage

Counter-subversion

30. INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
STRATEGIC AND COMBAT STRATEGIC AND COMBAT
INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE
•Both are concerned with significant
military info pertaining to actual or
potential enemy and with areas of
actual or possible operations.
•They use the same techniques.

31. Principles of Intelligence OperationsPrinciples of Intelligence Operations
General
•Intelligence operations are influenced by
such elements of the operational
environment as:
•The Commander’s mission, limitation
imposed by national policy or higher
commands, scale of use of nuclear and
other weapons, the locale, the nature of
friendly and enemy forces, and the civil
population in the area.

32. Principles of Intelligence OperationsPrinciples of Intelligence Operations
Commander’s Need
Intelligence must fit the needs of the
commander. Different commanders need
information on different geographical
areas. Some of their needs, however, are
from overlapping areas. Plans, orders and
requests are concerned with definite areas,
particularly the area of influence of the
command.

33. Principles of Intelligence OperationsPrinciples of Intelligence Operations
Intelligence as a cycle
All intelligence activities generally follow a
four-phase cycle oriented to the
commander’s mission. This cycle is
continuous and all steps are carried out at
the same time.

34. Principles of Intelligence OperationsPrinciples of Intelligence Operations
An integral part of military operations
Intelligence activities are integral parts of
the operations of all units, both combat
and service.

35. Principles of Intelligence OperationsPrinciples of Intelligence Operations
Use
Intelligence must be adequate for the
purpose for which is to be utilized.
Useful intelligence enhances
understanding of the problems to be
solved.

36. Principles of Intelligence OperationsPrinciples of Intelligence Operations
Timeliness
Intelligence must reach the user in time to serve
as a basis for appropriate action.
Some sacrifice on completeness and accuracy
may have to be accepted because the situation
requires a decision before complete intelligence
can be produced.

37. Principles of Intelligence OperationsPrinciples of Intelligence Operations
Flexibility
Intelligence activities are based on
reason and judgement and not on fixed
procedures.
Procedures, which do not readily adapt
to a given situation, are generally
discarded.

38. Principles of Intelligence OperationsPrinciples of Intelligence Operations
Imagination, Foresight & Resourcefulness
Policies or procedures, which limit
imagination or initiative, are avoided.
Acceptance and satisfaction with
continuance of the current situation can
only lead to disaster.

39. Principles of Intelligence OperationsPrinciples of Intelligence Operations
Security
Constant security measures must be
undertaken to deny unauthorized
personnel information about operations,
sources of information, and the
intelligence product.
Security measures must not deter
dissemination of information or
intelligence to those who have a “ NEED
TO KNOW”.

40. GEOGRAPHICAL AREA INTEL OPERATIONSGEOGRAPHICAL AREA INTEL OPERATIONS
Commander’s intelligence operations are
concerned with definite geographic areas:
Area of Influence
Area of Interest

41. GEOGRAPHICAL AREA INTEL OPERATIONSGEOGRAPHICAL AREA INTEL OPERATIONS
AREA OF INFLUENCE
portion of the area of operation or zone
of action which by any means available
to the commander can influence
operations

42. GEOGRAPHICAL AREA INTEL OPERATIONSGEOGRAPHICAL AREA INTEL OPERATIONS
AREA OF INTEREST
area of interest includes area of
influence, adjacent or surrounding the
areas which has a direct bearing on the
situation