Module 4_Construction SUryyyyyveying.pptx

surveying

1. Engineering Survey (BCV302) By Shabarish Patil Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering KLE Institute of Technology, Hubballi-580027 1

2. Contents - Modules Module 1 – Engineering surveying & Measurement of Distances Module 2 - Vertical Control, Theodolite Surveying & Total Station Surveying Module 3 – Contours, Longitudinal and cross sectioning & Coordinate survey with Total station Module 4 – Curves, Areas and Volumes & Construction Surveying Module 5 - GPS Surveying & Surveying with Drone 2

3. Practical Exercise 1 Use of Various types of tapes, Laser distance meter, Distance measuring wheel. 2 Differential levelling by Dumpy level by plane of collimation method 3 Measurement of horizontal and vertical angles by Theodolite. Method of repetition 4 Setting out simple curve using Rankine’s method using Theodolite 5 Setting out central line of a small residential building. 6 Setting up of Total station. Features and components of Total station 7 Measurement of Distance, slope, vertical distance, horizontal and vertical angles using Total station 8 Coordinate measurement with Total station 9 Longitudinal sectioning and cross sectioning using Total station 10 Contouring and plotting with Total station 11 Demonstration of Equipment’s used for chain, compass and plane table surveying 12 Visit to railway station/ large construction site to understand the importance of datum and benchmark 3

4. Course Outcomes At the end of the course, the student will be able to: Summarize various types of surveying and carry out distance measurement using various equipment’s Illustrate the use and applications of levelling and theodolite Plot contours, longitudinal and cross sections for construction projects. Set curves for construction works and carry out estimation of areas and volumes. Demonstrate the necessary skills to carry out GPS and DRONE Surveying 4

5. Module 3 – Contours, Longitudinal and cross sectioning & Coordinate survey with Total station Curves – Types of Curves- Application of curves in civil engineering. Setting out of Horizontal curve by Theodolite (Rankine ’ s method) and using Total Station. Components of Compound, Reverse curve. Transition Curve and Combined curve. Various types of vertical curves and its applications. Areas and Volumes - Methods of determining areas by trapezoidal and Simpsons ’ rule. Measurement of volume by prismoidal and trapezoidal formula. Earthwork volume calculations from spot levels and from contour maps; Earthwork calculation in Embankments. Construction Surveying - Setting out works using Total Station, Setting out buildings by Centre line method. 5

6. Construction Surveying It is estimated that 60% of all hours spent in surveying are on location-type work, giving line and grade. Construction surveying involves establishing both line and grade by means of stakes and reference lines that are placed on the construction site. Setting out refers to the process of transferring the dimensions and layout of a proposed structure from the architectural plans to the actual construction site. This critical step ensures that the building is accurately positioned according to the approved design. 6

7. A typical set out survey provides the following information: Coordinates and Levels: Accurate measurement and transfer of coordinates and levels from the architectural plans to the construction site. Position of Structural Elements: Clear markings indicating the exact positions of walls, foundations, and other critical components. Alignment with Boundaries: Ensuring that the construction aligns correctly with the property boundaries to avoid legal and zoning issues. 7

8. Controls for setting out Horizontal control Vertical control 8

9. Horizontal Control It consists of reference marks of known plan position, from which salient points of designated structure may be set out. Traversing may be used further to set out other points. 9

10. Reference grids are: Survey grid Site grid Structural grid Secondary grid Construction and protection of control points 10

11. Vertical control It consists of establishment of reference marks of known height relative to some specified datum. Master BM and Temporary BM at site. 11

12. Definitions Stakes – any type of keel driven into ground to act as permanent identification mark. Based on purpose - Guard, grade, line stake 12

13. 13

14. Post – circular or square pole a post is a type of marker, often larger and more durable than stakes, used for specific purposes on construction sites. These posts are typically used to indicate critical, semi-permanent reference points and are designed to remain in place throughout the duration of a project or longer. 14

15. Batter board - is a horizontal frame or board set up during construction surveying to assist in laying out building foundations or other structures. 15

16. 16

17. Cross head 17

18. Sight rail - A sight rail in construction surveying is a temporary horizontal member or structure set up on-site to serve as a visual guide or reference point. It is commonly used in earthworks and construction to ensure consistent levels or alignments. 18

19. Boning rod - is a simple tool used in construction and surveying to help maintain and check levels, particularly in earthworks and trenching. 19

20. 20

21. Travelling rod - 21

22. Setting out by center line method The temporary stakes are fixed at the points that represent the corners of the centre line rectangle. Since these pegs are not permanent and will be lost during excavation, the sides of the rectangle are produced on both the sides and permanent stake are fixed on each of the prolongations, at a fixed distance, say 2 m. By using these stakes, the position of any point can be obtained by plotting its coordinates using the reference stakes. 22

23. The first task in staking out a building is to locate it properly on the correct lot by making measurements from the property lines. Most cities have an ordinance establishing setback lines from the street and between houses to improve appearance and provide fire protection. 23

24. Setting out by center line method 24

25. 25

26. 26

27. 27

28. 28

29. Setting Out - TS 29

30. 30

31. 31