Module 4 Lesson 4 Labor and Migration (1).pptx

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1. IN THE 21 ST CENTURY CONTEXT TRENDS, NETWORKS AND CRITICAL THINKING MAY 25, 2023 William V. Dalangbayan

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5. Activity 1 Situation Analysis Marie has just graduated from college. She had now a degree in Education and she is bound to decide where to work. Her aunt, who is a principal in a private school offered her a job at the school. However, her another aunt who is working abroad also offered her to work there as a domestic helper. Question: If you were Marie, which offer will you choose? Why? What factors will you take into consideration?

6. Labor and Migration Define labor and migration; and Enumerate the type and process of labor and migration. Lesson Objectives

7. Labor Labor is the quantity of physical, mental, and social effort castoff to create goods and services in an economy. It provides the expertise, manpower, and service needed to generate raw resources into finished stuffs and services.

8. Labor Labor is measured through the means of labor force or labor pool. To be considered part of the labor force, one must be legible, willing to work, and are on the right age to do so because there are some who are not ready to work however, turn themselves in working just to provide for their families.

9. Types of Labor 01 The Unskilled 02 The Skilled 03 Part-time Labor This job does not require intensive training because it is more on skills or manual labors such as farm workers, it can also be service work, such as janitorial or others. It is categorized by the nature of the relationship with the employer. This means they are managed or supervised by a boss. They also receive a set weekly or bi-weekly wage or depending on the number of hours of service and it equivalent amount. This kind of labor requires some educational degree or training. An example is manufacturing jobs.

10. Types of Labor 04 Contract Labor 05 Slave Labor 06 Professional Labor It is when a contract stipulates the work to be done. It’s up to the worker to define and identify on how his/her works gets done. The amount paid is either contract or a set fee for the work. Benefits are not included. These are referred to individuals with highest level of knowledge-based education and managerial skills. These people have usually invested the most of their careers and make the highest wage earners. It is an illegal employment. It happens when the worker is forced to work without consent or against their will.

11. Migration Ever since, people have been on the move in search of jobs or economic opportunities, to join family, or to study. Some people have to move to run away conflict, harassment, terrorism, or human rights violations. Still others have to move in response to the opposing effects of climate change, natural disasters, or other environmental factors such job related and social status. Migration as it stands has been one of the causes of the said mean.

12. Types of Migration 01 Permanent Migration 02 Temporary Migration 03 Forced Migration It refers when someone moves from one place to another and has no intention to return to their original place. It involves the migrant having no choice but to move. Some of the examples are refugees migrating due to conflicts or disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, typhoons or wars. It is limited by time. This happens because of work related or this could be for seasonal employment.

13. 1. Coercion CHALLENGES FACING BY MIGRANT WORKERS Migrant workers come to the different parts of the world in search of jobs, usually in farming or domestic work. They face challenges that are not present for native workers. Many of them do not have the required paperwork to stay in the country legally, so they face the constant threat of deportation. 2. Lack of Benefits 3. Dangerous Conditions 4. Cultural Differences 5. Educational Issues

14. 1. COERCION CHALLENGES FACED BY MIGRANT WORKERS Undocumented migrant workers may not be willing to report a workplace injury because they are afraid of being reported to immigration authorities or losing their jobs and not being able to find another employer willing to take them on.

15. 2. LACK OF BENEFITS CHALLENGES FACED BY MIGRANT WORKERS Because they are often paid in cash off the books, migrant workers are not eligible for company benefits such as pensions and insurance plans. They also miss out on unemployment, disability and Social Security benefits from the government. Breaks, overtime, sick pay and minimum wage laws may not be followed because there is no recourse for the worker.

16. 3. DANGEROUS CONDITIONS CHALLENGES FACED BY MIGRANT WORKERS Workers may be housed in unsanitary conditions, which are especially dangerous for children. If the company provides food for its employees, it is often low quality and not very nutritious. Migrant workers are also subject to harsh conditions on the job, such as working in extreme weather for long hours with no breaks.

17. 4. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES CHALLENGES FACED BY MIGRANT WORKERS Cultural differences present problems for migrant workers even when they are away from the job site. Local residents may discriminate or resent migrant workers for taking the available jobs in the area. Migrant workers are often isolated from their neighbors because they do not speak the language and shop mostly at ethnic stores. The language barrier can also make it difficult to understand legal documents such as leases and tax forms.

18. 5. EDUCATIONAL ISSUES CHALLENGES FACED BY MIGRANT WORKERS Children of migrant workers often miss school and fall behind their peers because they have to work along with the rest of the family. Child labor laws are typically not enforced among the migrant population, so there is no protection for the children. Even when the child does not perform any actual work, he may spend the day at the job site with his parents because there is no available daycare. Families tend to move according to the seasons, which makes it even more difficult for the children to keep up in school.

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