Module 4.pptx..............................

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1. Reading Strategies

2. A paragraph is a collection of sentences that discuss the same topic from beginning to end. Typically, it has three essential components: a topic, a topic sentence, and three supporting details. The main idea, or controlling idea, is stated in the topic sentence. Supporting details are sentences that provide further explanation of the main idea. These details can be facts, information, arguments, or illustrations that complement the topic sentence. Understanding Paragraph

3. Topic is the general subject of a paragraph. Topics are described simply in a word or a phrase. How to identify the topic? Ask yourself, “Who or what the paragraph is talking about?” or “What is the lesson from this passage that the author wants to tell its reader?” Write a single word or phrase that answers who or what the paragraph is about. Think in your mind, “The author is teaching me about ” but only write down what you would put in the blank space. Never write complete sentence. Remember, topic is presented in a word or phrase. What is topic?

4. The main idea includes the topic and what the author wants to say about the topic. Main idea is stated in a complete sentence form. How to identify the main idea? • Ask yourself, “What does the author want me to know about the topic?” or “What is the author teaching me?” • Look for a sentence in the paragraph that states the main idea. • Sometimes, the main idea will be stated implicitly. • Your main idea will include the topic and the central point that the author presents. Avoid mentioning details. What is main idea?

5. Passage In the philosophy of John Dewey, a sharp distinction is made between intelligence and reasoning. According to Dewey, intelligence is the only absolute way to achieve a balance between realism and idealism, between practicality and wisdom of life. Intelligence involves "interacting with other things and knowing them," while reasoning is merely the act of an observer, "...a mind that beholds or grasps objects outside the world of things...." With reasoning, a level of mental certainty can be achieved, but it is through intelligence that control is taken of events that shape one's life. What is the topic and main idea of the passage above?

6. Passage Topic The difference between intelligence and reasoning in John Dewey's philosophy. 2. Main Idea The main idea is the central claim made by the author regarding the topic. Answer: John Dewey made a sharp distinction between intelligence and reasoning, arguing that intelligence is the ultimate means to achieving balance in life because it involves active interaction and control over real-life events, in contrast to reasoning, which is merely a passive observer.

7. Making Inferences Inference means using evidence and reasoning to reach a conclusion that is not stated explicitly in the text. This is sometimes called “reading between the lines”. When you make an inference, you use all of the information that you have available at a time to guess what is “behind” the literal information of a text… In other words, you go beyond what is stated explicitly in the text to infer the intended message by paying attention to certain “ clues ” What do we infer? You infer why things happen, why characters behave the way they do, and how characters are feeling. You enter the world created by the author, and you create images and inferences based on what the author tells you and your own knowledge and beliefs about that world. In order to infer meaning, readers must combine the information that the author has written with their own experiences—both reading experiences and life experiences.

8. Making Inferences Making inferences in our daily lives … If the teacher writes information on the board during a lesson… You infer that it is important information that you may need later (so you will write it in your book). If your mom tell you to carry an umbrella… You infer that it will possibly rain. If you see your boss arguing with an employer… You infer it is not the right moment to ask for a raise. NOTE: You may not always be correct in your inferences, but they are assumptions that you make based on the given clues.

9. Exercise 1 You go to home and see your father shouting and a bit violent … 1. Would you ask him for permission to go to a party ? 2. Would you ask him for money ?

10. Exercise 1 You go to home and see your father shouting and a bit violent … 1. Would you ask him for permission to go to a party? 2. Would you ask him for money? If your father acts in that way, he must be angry . For that reason, it is not the right moment to ask for money or permission .

11. Exercise 2 You are watching a movie and you see a bloody knife … 1. What may have happened ?

12. Exercise 2 You are watching a movie and you see a bloody knife … 1. What may have happened ? If you see a bloody knife it is possible that someone was killed .

13. Exercise 3 Look at the picture … Where are they? Who are they? Why the man wants someone to invent a faster clock?

14. Exercise 3 1.- For the poster that says “Patents”, the piles of documents, the drawer and the books, we can infer that they are in an office (Patents Office). 2.- As it is an office, they are office workers . 3.- As he “wishes someone would invent a faster clock”, he might be anxious and desperate to go home .

15. PASSAGE Geoffrey awoke early that morning, for fear of being late for his appointment. He showered, brushed his hair, and put on his best suit. He stuck extra ink pens and pencils into his briefcase. He did not want to leave anything to chance. He knew that if he did not get a job soon, Martha would have to leave the children and go back to work. 1. What kind of appointment is Geoffrey getting ready for? Answer : He is going to a job interview. The writer is suggesting that the appointment (job interview) will solve this problem. We can assume that he is not going job hunting because that does not require an appointment. 2. Who is Martha? Answer : His Wife . The sentence suggests that Martha is the mother of his children and not his mother or his child. 3. Which of these personality traits best fits Geoffrey? Answer : Responsible . These words describe a man who is responsible. There are no suggestions that he is optimistic or selfish in the text. 4. What is Geoffrey’s motive for waking up early ? Answer : He does not want Martha to go back to work. Though Geoffrey does not want to be late for his interview, that is not his ultimate motive. His ultimate motive would be what is causing him to want to be on time in the first place.

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