Module 4 Safety equipment .pdf

safety

1. Module 4. Safety Equipment

2. Learning Outcomes
Bytheendofthismodule,youshouldbeableto:
1.Definetermsusedwithsafetyequipment
2.Classifylabsafetyequipment
3.Describetheproperuse,decontaminationandmaintenanceoflaboratory
safetyequipment

3. Outline
Inthismodule,youwillcover;
1.Definitionofterms
2.Laboratorysafetyequipment
3.Biologicalsafetycabinet
4.Autoclave
5.Centrifuge
6.PipetteAids
7.OtherSafetydevices
8.Properuse,decontaminationandmaintenanceofsafetyequipment

4. 1. Definitions
Safetyequipment:-aredevicesthatprotecttheworker,theworkenvironmentand
productsfromexposuretohazardouschemicalorbiologicalagents.
HighEfficiencyParticulateAir(HEPA):Thisisatypeofairfilterthatcantrapat
least99.97%ofdust,pollen,mold,bacteria,andanyairborneparticleswithasizeof0.3
microns(µm)(asofficiallydefinedbytheU.S.Dept.ofEnergy).

5. 2. Laboratory Safety Equipment (1/3)
•Laboratorysafetyequipmentarecontainmentdevicesdesignedtoprotectthe
personnel,product,andenvironment.
•Itisoneofthethreeelementsofbio-containmentandisoneoftheexamplesin
engineeringcontrolinhierarchyofcontrols.
•Selectedequipmentmustbedesigned,constructedandinstalledtofacilitatesimple
operationandtoallowformaintenance,cleaning,decontaminationand
certification.
•Theymusthavethebookoflifefortheequipment,whichcontainsinformationon
theequipmentfromcommissioningtodecommissioningandcalibrationrecords.
•Note:ThereisNationalCalibrationCentreatNationalPublicHealthlabs
inNairobi.

6. Laboratory Safety Equipment (2/3)
•Equipmentmustbejudgedfitforpurposebeforeuse,whichwillusuallybe
outlinedinthemanufacturer’sinstructions.UnlesslaboratorySOPsindicate
otherwise,themanufacturer’sinstructionsmustalwaysbefollowed.
•Allequipmentmustbecheckedregularlyforintegrityandtoidentifypotential
faults.

7. Laboratory Safety Equipment (3/3)
Examplesofsafetyequipment:
1.BiosafetyCabinets
2.Autoclaves
3.Centrifuge
4.SharpContainer
5.Pipettesandpipetteaid
6.Emergencyshowers,eyewashstations
7.SpillKits-biological/chemical

8. ItisaventilatedCabinetor
enclosurethatusesdirectional
airflowandhasHEPAfilterstoprovide:
•PersonnelProtection,
•EnvironmentalProtection
•ProductProtection
Source: www.laboratorysupply.net
2. Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC) (1/2)

9. Note:
•ALaminarflowhoodisacleanbenchthatprotectstheproductonlyand
isusedwhenconductingcleanprocedurese.g.Culturemediapreparation
•AchemicalhoodisnotaBSCbecauseitdoesnothaveHEPAfilters,and
protectsthepersonnelonly.
2. Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC) (2/2)

10. Classification of BSCs
BSCareclassifiedintothreeclasses:-
•ClassIcabinetsprovidepersonnelandenvironmentalprotectionbutnot
sample/productprotection(cabinetairisnotfiltered)
•ClassIIcabinetsprovidepersonnel,product,andenvironment
protectionsincetheairinthecabinetisfiltered.
•ClassIIIcabinetsaregas-tight,andallmaterialsenterandleavethrougha
dunktankordouble-doorautoclave.

11. Types of Protection
Typesofprotection Personnel Product Environment
ChemicalFumeHoods(vapors&gases) X
Laminar Flow CleanBenches
(protectionfromparticulate)
X
ClassIBiologicalSafetyCabinets
(protectionfromparticulate)/TBsafety
hoods
X X
ClassII&IIIBiologicalSafetyCabinets
(protectionfromparticulate)
X X X

12. Biosafety Cabinet

13. Proper Use of BSCs
1.Place equipment to be used in
cabinet
2.Be sure not to over crowd (one
person per use)
3.Keep back and front grills clear
4.Keep items away from sides of
work deck
5.Ensure cabinet is running before
start of work
6.Disinfect surface with 70% ethanol-
before and after use
7.Allow cabinet to run for 10 min
before and after use
8.Verify windows are sealed or at the
proper level.
9.Avoid overcrowding of the work area
in a BSC.
10.Avoid constant in and out motion at
face of cabinet. This will draw air out
of the cabinet.

14. Decontamination of BSCs
BSCs should be decontaminated:-
•Prior to filter changes
•If access to the contaminated area is required
•If the cabinet is to be moved or to be decommissioned
•If there is a change in research or diagnostic profile
•Laboratory personnel must decontaminate the BSC before and after
use.

15. BSC Placement and Selection
PlacementofBSCshouldbeawayfrom:-
•Doors
•Airsupplyvents
•Heavytrafficareas
SelectionofBSCshouldbebasedriskassessment.

16. BSC Certification (1/2)
BSCcertificationshouldbedone:
•Asperthemanufacturer’srecommendationandpolicyguidelines
•OnInstallation
•Annually
•Whenmoved
•Whenfilter/motorblowersarechanged
•Whenrepairedormodified
NOTE:ThestaffusingtheBSCshouldtesttheairflowusingapaperribbonorsmoke
gun.Thecertificationcertificatecontainsinformationon:thedateofcertification,dates
forthenextcertification,thecertifier,andthecontactsandthisshouldnotbeconfused
withtheinstallationcertificate

17. 3. Autoclave
•Autoclaveusestheprincipleofsteamunderpressureattemperaturesof121°C,
134°Cfor15minutestokillmicroorganisms.
•Autoclavingallowsahighertemperatureandpressuretobeachievedand
maintainedforaperiodoftimethatissufficientforinactivation.
•Temperature,pressure,andtimeMUSTbeusedforthequalitycontrolof
autoclaves.

18. Care and Maintenance of Autoclave (1/2)
•DevelopSOPsforproperuseandmaintenanceofthe
autoclave,followingthemanufacturer’sguideline.
•QualityControlforautoclavesisimportantandshouldbe
performedasperthefacility’sSOP.
oChemicalindicators
ProcessIndicators–autoclavetape
ProcessIntegrators-
oBiologicalIndicators

19. Care and Maintenance of Autoclave (2/2)
Note:
•TheBiologicalindicatorsarerecommendedasthegoldstandardforconfirmation
ofsterility.
•AutoclavetapedoesNOTconfirmthesterilityofmaterials.

20. 3. Centrifuges
•Thecentrifugationtechniqueisusedtoseparatethe
particlessuspendedinliquidmedia(blood,urine,stool,
sputum)undertheinfluenceofacentrifugalfield.
•Whenusingcentrifuges,thecontentsofcentrifuge
tubesmustbebalancedandplacedatopposite
locationsduringoperation.
•Toworksafely,safetybucketswithcupsmustbe
availableforacentrifuge.
Source: IQDSdirectory.com

21. Care and Maintenance of Centrifuge
•Allcentrifugesmustbeoperatedandservicedaccordingtomanufacturers’
instructionsandservicedbyappropriatelyqualifiedpersonnel.
•Centrifugesmustbecleanedanddisinfectedregularly,orimmediately
decontaminatedafteraspill,withanappropriatedisinfectant.

22. 4. Pipettes and Pipette Aid
•Apipetteisalaboratorytoolcommonlyusedinthelaboratorytotransfera
measuredvolumeofliquid.
•Itisimportantforthesafetyoftheuserandenvironmentthatproper
techniqueisused.
•Topreventthegenerationofaerosols,pipettesmustnotbeusedtoblowair
orforciblyexpelliquids/solutionsthatcontainbiologicalagents.
•Allpipettetipsshouldhavecottonplugstoreducecontaminationofpipetting
devices.
•Mouthpipettingisprohibited,andtheuseofapipetteaidisencouraged.

23. Care and Maintenance of Pipette
•ThefacilityshouldhaveanSOPforthe
useandmaintenanceofpipettesand
pipetteaid.
•Followthemanufacturers’guide.
•Maintenanceandcalibrationofpipette
aidmustbedonebyaqualified
personnel.
Note:Calibrationofpipettesandpipetteaidscanbedoneatthe
NationalCalibrationCentreatNationalPublicHealthlaboratoriesin
Nairobi.

24. 5. Other Safety Equipment (1/2)
First-aidkits:
•Includemedicalsuppliessuchasbottledeyewashesandbandages.Theymust
beavailableandeasilyaccessibletopersonnel.
•Thesemustbecheckedroutinelytomakesureproductsarewithintheiruse-by
datesandareinsufficientsupply.
•Ifeyewashstationswithpipedwateraretobeused.Theseshouldalsobe
checkedregularlyforcorrectfunctioning.
•Writtenproceduresforfirstaidandincidentmanagementmustbedeveloped
forthelaboratoryandfollowedbysuitablytrainedpersonnel.

25. Other Safety Equipment (2/2)
Spillkits-BiologicalandChemical
•Includedisinfectant/appropriatechemicals,which
mustbeeasilyaccessibletopersonnel.
•Dependingonthesize,location,concentration,
and/orvolumeofthespill,differentprotocolsmay
benecessary.
•Writtenproceduresforcleaningand
decontaminatingspillsmustbedevelopedforthe
laboratoryandfollowedbysuitablytrained
personnel.

26. 6. Sharp Containers
•SharpdisposalcontainersMUSTbeofrigid
punctureresistance,leak-proofmaterial.
•Theyshouldbeavailableatthepointofuse
wheresharpsaregenerated.
•Theyshouldneverbefilledbeyond¾markand
bedisposedofonattainingtherecommended
level.

27. 7. Laboratory Equipment Management Program
Component/Activit
y
Description
Acquisition Referstoallcostforpurchasinganequipment
Installation Referstotheprocessestoensurethatallsystemsandcomponentsofanequipmentareinstalled,tested,
operatedandmaintainedaccordingtotheoperationalrequirementofthevendor
Validation Referstoestablishmentofperformanceparametersbydefiningandcharacterizingthemagnitudeoftheanalytical
errorpresent
Verification ReferstoConfirmationofknownperformanceparameterspublishedbythedevelopersofthemethodwithinthe
testinglab
Maintenance Referstoperformingfunctionalchecksoftheequipment,replacingparts,priminganddecontaminatingthe
equipment
Calibration Referstorealigningtheequipmenttoattainaccuracy
Troubleshooting Referstoperformingrootcauseanalysistoidentifythecauseofaprobleminanequipment
Servicecontracts Referstohavingascheduledservicingcontractwiththevendorregardlessoftheequipmentstatus
Decontamination Referstotheprocessofcleaninganequipmenttoremovecontaminantssuchasmicroorganismsorhazardous
materiale.g.chemicals
Decommissioning Referstotheprocessofretiringequipmentuntilitissafelydisposed

28. 8. Key Messages
1.Laboratorysafetyequipmentmustbeproperlyinstalledandverified.
2.Laboratorysafetyequipmentmustbeproperlyusedandroutinelydecontaminated
andmaintained.
3.Alllaboratorysafetyequipmentmustbecertifiedannuallyoraspermanufacturers’
recommendationsandpolicyguidelines.

29. The End
You have come to the end of this Module. Kindly attempt the module quiz and
aim to attain a pass mark of 80%. Please participate in the discussion forum
before proceeding to module 5.