MOTIVATION THEORY - Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs,

The Theories of Motivation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
HERZBERG’S MOTIVATION-HYGIENE THEORY(TWO FACTOR THEORY)
VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY OF MOIVATION
EQUITY THEORY
ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY

1. MOTIVATION

2. Motivation 2/20/2017 2 A process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained towards attaining a goal . Motivation works best when individual needs are compatible with organizational goals.

3. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory 2/20/2017 3 Needs were categorized as five levels of lower- to higher-order needs. Individuals must satisfy lower-order needs before they can satisfy higher order needs. Satisfied needs will no longer motivate. Motivating a person depends on knowing at what level that person is on the hierarchy . Hierarchy of needs Lower-order (external): physiological, safety Higher-order (internal): social, esteem, self-actualization

4. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 2/20/2017 4

5. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 2/20/2017 5 Physiological needs : A person’s needs for clothing, food, shelter, sleep and other physical requirements. S afety needs : A person’s needs for security and protection from physical and emotional harm .(pension, insurance, job security etc.) Social needs : A person’s needs for affection, belongingness ,acceptance, and friendship . Esteem needs : A person’s needs for internal esteem factors, such as self respect ,autonomy and achievement, and external esteem factors, such as status , recognition and attention . Self - actualization  refers to the  need  for personal growth and development throughout one's life . .

6. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y 2/20/2017 6 Theory X It is a negative view of people which assumes that workers have little ambition, dislike work, avoid responsibility. So most persons must be controlled, directed or threatened with punishment for putting their efforts to achieve organizational goals . Theory Y Is a positive view which assumes that workers enjoy work, exercise self- direction, accept responsibility, and like to work .

7. ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY 2/20/2017 7 People are motivated by existence needs, (basic needs), relatedness needs(social and esteem need) and growth needs (self-development ) – Clayton Alderfer . One may be motivated by needs on several levels at the same time.

8. HERZBERG’S MOTIVATION-HYGIENE THEORY(TWO FACTOR THEORY) 2/20/2017 8 Dissatisfiers (Hygiene factors): company policy and administration, supervision, working conditions, interpersonal relations, salary, status, job security and personal life . Satisfiers: achievement, recognition, challenging work, advancement and growth in the job.

9. VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY OF MOIVATION 2/20/2017 9 People will be motivated to do things to reach a goal if they believe in the worth of that goal and if they can see that what they do will help them in achieving it – Victor H Vroom . Motivation equal the value on the outcome of effort multiplied by the confidence . M = outcome of effort * confidence

10. EQUITY THEORY 2/20/2017 10 Motivation is influenced by an individual’s subjective judgment about the fairness of the reward he or she gets, relative to the inputs, compared with the rewards of others – J Stacy Adams . (outcomes by a person/ inputs by a person) = (outcomes by another person/ inputs by another person) Inequitable reward == dissatisfaction, reduced output, departure from organization. Equitable reward == continuation at the same level of output. More than equitable reward == hard work, reward discounted.