Moulting in insects(2).pptx

Ppt on moulting and its process and the changes occurs with its advantages

1. Centurion University of technology and management FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY-1 Presenting to:- Dr.Deepayan Padhy Presented by :-Jami Saranya Registration number:220804130048

2. Topic:- Moulting -the process and specificity towards insect.

3. Moulting in Insects Moulting Also known as Ecdysis or Shedding Definition The periodic shedding of old cuticle and the subsequent formation of new one is called moulting or ecdysis . Moulting are accuring periodically till maturation of insects .

4. Moulting in Insects The mechanism of periodical sheding of old cuticle and formation of new cuticle is known as moulting or ecdysis . The old cuticle which is shed off in the process of moulting is known as exuviae . The interval between two subsequent moulting is known as stadium. The form assumed by the insect in any stadium is called instar. Moulting occurs many times during immatured stages before attaining the adult-hood.

5. EXCUVIA The cuticular discarded parts known as EXCUVIA Excuvia are the remains of an exoskeleton and related structures that are left after ecdysozoans have moulted. The exuviae of an animal can be important to biologists as they can often be used to identify the species of the animal .

6. S tadium The form assumed in each stadium is called instar. A phase between two periods of Moulting in the development of an insect larva or other invertebrate animal. Instar The time interval between two consecutive moulting is called stadium. The old exoskeleton is visible behind it. Each stage in the development of an insect between molts is called an instar or stadium.

7. MOULTING APOLYSIS 1.Behavioural changes 2.Changes in epidermis 3.Apolysis 4.Formation of subcuticular space 5.Secretion of moulting gel 6.New epicuticle formation 7.Procuticle formation 8.Activatiom of moulting gel 9.Wax layer formation 10.Cement layer formation ECDYSIS 11.Rupturing and removal of old cuticle SCLEROTIZATION AND MELANIZATION 12.Formation of Exocuticle 13.Formation of Endocuticle

8. Steps of moulting in insects 1.Behavioral changes: Larvae stops feeding & become inactive. 2.Changes in Epidermis: Cell size increase, Activities enhanced. Proteins & Enzyme contents increase and thus tention cause loosening the cuticle . 3.Apolysis : Detachment of cuticle from epidermis is occurred. 4.Formation of subcuticular space: In this stage the space is formed in subcuticular area.

9. 5. Secretion of Gel: Secretion of molting gel in to sub cuticular space that is rich in chitinase and protease. 6.New epicuticle layer formation: Lipo protein layers is laid on epidermis . 7. Pro cuticle layer formation: Pro cuticle layer is formed below epicuticle . 8.Activation of moulting gel: The gel is converting into molting fluid and digest and absorb the endo cuticle 9.Wax layer formation: In this stage the wax layer is formed. 10.Cement layer formation: Dermal gland produce cement layer.

10. 11.Moulting : involved in 2 steps Moulting (I) Rupturing of old cuticle: As the water and air is absorbed and thus pressure is generated by blood to head and thorax and “ ecdysial line” rupturing take place. (II) Removal of old cuticle: Due to peristaltic movement of the body and Lubricant action of molting fluid helps in removal . 12.Formation of exo cuticle: The outer layer of pro cuticle develops as exo cuticle. 13.Formation of endo cuticle: The below layer of pro cuticle develops as endo cuticle.

11. Moulting in Mayfly

12. Hormonal control of Moulting MOULTING is controlled by neurosecretory cells in which brain which in turn stimulate Corpora allata (small glands behind the brain) which produce juvenile hormone Prothoracic glands which produce moulting hormones ( ecdysteroids ). Ecdysteroids stimulate the epithelial cells in the cuticle to begin the moulting process

13. Advantage : Ecdysis helps in the regeneration of damaged tissue. Also, missing limbs regenerate or re-form through the ecdysis process. Ecdysis allows damaged tissue and missing limbs to be regenerated or substantially re-formed. Complete regeneration may require a series of moults , the stump becoming a little larger with each moult until it is a normal, or near normal, size.