MULTIPROCESSOR OPERATING SYSTEMS

In this presentation, you will learn the fundamentals of Multi Processors in only a few minutes.

What is a multi processor?
its different types and many things like the Meanings, features, attributes, applications, and examples of multiprocessors.

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1. MULTIPROCESSOR Nemwos Iuarp

2. INTRODUCTION A multiprocessor system is an interconnection of two or more CPU, with memory and input-output equipment. Multiprocessor can be defined under MIMD category. A single job can be divided into independent tasks. l. By Manually ll. By Programmer lll. By Compiler Subdivided program can be executed parallelly. Due to any kind of fault, If any processor will be failed than task can be assigned to another processor of that faulty processor.

3. CHARACTERISTICS Reliability: Improves the reliability of the system so that a failure in one part has a limited effect on the rest of the system. Performance: Multiprocessing can improve performance by decomposing a program into parallel executable tasks. Multi Tasking: More than two processors are available in Multiple program can be executed same time. Increased Throughput: Increased throughput because of execution of multiple jobs in parallel portions of the same job in parallel.

4. MULTIPROCESSOR ADVANTAGES Improve Reliability Enhance Performance Multi Tasking High Throughout More Economic System DISADVANTAGE More Costly Complicated Operating System Required Large Main Memory Required

5. TYPEs OF MULTIPROCESSOR Multiprocessor are classified by the way of their memory is organized, mainly it is classified into two types. Tightly Coupled Multiprocessor Loosely Coupled Multiprocessor

6. Tightly Couple Multiprocessor A Multiprocessor is a tightly coupled computer system having two or more processing units (Multiple Processors) each sharing main memory and peripherals, in order to simultaneously process programs. Tightly coupled Multiprocessor is also know as shared memory system.

7. Loosely Couple Multiprocessor Loosely-coupled multiprocessor systems(often referred to as clusters ) are based on multiple standalone single or dual processor commodity computers interconnected via a high speed communication system. Loosely-coupled multiprocessor is also known as distributed memory. Example : A Linux Beowulf cluster.

8. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TIGHTLY Coupled MULTIPROCESSOR & LOOSELY COUPLEd MULTIPROCESSOR Tightly Coupled Multiprocessor Tightly coupled systems physically smaller than loosely coupled system. More Expensive. Loosely Coupled Multiprocessor Loosely coupled system are bigger in size as compare of Tightly coupled systems. Less Expensive.

9. Interconnection Structures  The Physical forms for establishing an interconnection network. 1. Time shared common bus. 2. Multiport memory. 3. Crossbar switch. 4. Multistage switching network. 5. Hypercube system.

10. Time–shared common bus. A System common bus multiprocessor system consists of a number of processors connected through a common path to a memory unit.

11. Multiport Memory A Multiport M emory S ystem employs separate buses between each memory module and each CPU.

12. Cross bar switch The Crossbar switch organization consists of a number of cross points that are placed at intersection between processor buses and memory module paths.

13. Multistage switching Network The basic component of a multistage network is a two- input , two- output interchange switch.

14. Hypercube Interconnection The hypercube or binary n-cube multiprocessor structure is loosely coupled system composed of N=2n processor interconnected in an n-dimensional binary cube. Hyper cube structures for n = 1,2,3.

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