Muscles Of Fore Limb Of Cattle

Briefly describe forelimb of cattle
Source from R.K.gosh
By - Dr. Vivek Prajapat
Rajasthan University of veterinary and animal sciences, Bikaner

1. BY- VIVEK KUMAR PRAJAPAT College of veterinary and animal science, Bikaner MUSCLES OF FORE LIMB

2. Muscles of the Forelimb Extrinsic Musculature These muscle are responsible for joining the forelimb to the head ,neck and trunk forming forming a synsarcosis rather than a conventional joint. Collectively, they act to transfer the weight of the body to the forelimbs as well as stabilize the scapula.

3. MUSCLE OF SHOULDER GIRDLE Trapezius : Is a flat triangular muscle grouped under Dorsal division of first layer muscle . Origin: mid-dorsal raphe and supraspinous ligament Insertion: spine of the scapula Body: two parts, cervical and thoracic separated by aponeurosis Action: raises scapula against the trunk and swings cranially and dorsaly to advance the limb. Blood supply – Deep cervical branch of costo cervical artery and intercostal artery. Nerve supply – 11 th cranial nerve (spinal accessory)

4. Rhomboides : Forms the hump of bovine. Origin: summits of 1 st to 8 th thoracic spine and nuchal ligament Insertion: medial surface of the cartilage of the scapula. Action: It helps to move the shoulder forward and upward. Blood supply – Deep cervical branch and dorsal branch of costo cervical artery. Nerve supply – branch from 5 th to 7 th cervical spinal nerve.

5. Brachiocephalicus Two parts separated by the clavicle Origin: the wing of the atlas, nuchal ligamentum , mandible, temporal bone. Insertion: the deltoid tuberosity and crest of the humerus . The ventral part attaches to the mastoid process. Actions: advances the limb and extends the shoulder joint when limb is in motion draws head and neck ventrally when limb is fixed. Blood supply – Anterior circumflex, inferior cervical, vertebral and carotid arteries. Nerve supply – 11 th cranial nerve and cervical spinal nerve.

6. Latissimus dorsi Very wide muscle having right-angled triangle shape. The broadest muscle of the back Origin: Lumbar and dorsal spines. Insertion: teres major tuberosity of the humerus Actions: flexing the shoulder. Blood supply – thoracodorsal branch of subscapular artery. Nerve supply – thoracodorsal branch from branchial plexus

7. Serratus ventralis ( cervicis and thoracis ) 1. S. Cervicis Origin: transverse processes of 2 nd to 7 th cervical vertebrae and lateral surface of 1 st to 5 th ribs. Insertion: The rough triangular area at the cranio -dorsal part of the medial surface of scapula. Action: extend the neck and to pull the cervical angle of scapula. Blood supply – Dorsal branch of costocervical artery. Nerve supply – 5 th to 8 th cervical spinal nerve 2. S. Thoracis Origin: lateral surface of 4 th to 9 th rib. Insertion: the rough triangular area at the caudo -dorsal part of the medial surface of scapula. Action: Rise the thorax and individually pull the scapula dorsa caudally. Blood supply – Intercostal artery. Nerve supply – 7 th & 8 th cervical spinal nerve

8. Omo transversarious Flat long muscle. Origin: Wings of atlas. Insertion: Spine of the scapula. Action: Ventral angle of scapula cranio -dorsally. Blood supply – branch of carotid and inferior cervical arteries. Neve supply- 11 th cranial & some cervical spinal nerve.

9. Superficial Pectorales muscles Anterior : Two superficial parts, cranial and caudal Origin: cranial sternum Insertion: Anterior : (descending): crest of the humerus distal to the deltoid tuberosity . Posterior : (transverse): covers elbow joint to insert on the medial fascia of the forearm Action: adduct the forelimb, assist in protraction and retraction Nerve supply: Forms the brachial plexus. Blood supply- External thoracic, internal thoracic and anterior circumflex arteries.

10. Deep Pectorales muscles Pectoralis ascendens - is the largest of the pectorial group. One deep part ( pectoralis profundus ), with cranial and caudal parts Origin: ventral sternum and adjacent cartilage Insertions: cranial ( subclavius ): supraspinatus muscle . Caudal ( pectoralis ascendens ): lesser tubercle of the humerus Actions: slinging trunk between forelimbs may also retract free limbs draw trunk forward when limb is fixed. Blood supply – cranial circumflex, internal and external thoracic arteries. Nerve supply – Pectoral branch of brachial plexus.

11. Intrinsic Musculature These muscles are grouped: Lateral apects : Supraspinatus Suprascapular of the brachial plexus Origin: the fossae of the scapula Insertion: both tubercles of the humerus Action: To extend the shoulder. Blood supply – superficial cervical and suprascapular arteries. Nerve supply – suprascapular nerve.

12. Deltoidus Lies partly on triceps brachi in the angle b/n the scapula and the humerus ,partly on infraspinatus and teres minor. Origin: proximal and caudal scapula, the length of the scapular spine Insertion: deltoid tuberosity on the humerus , fascia of the lateral arm Action –to flex the shoulder joint abduct the limb. Blood supply – subscaplar and posterior circumflex arteries. Nerve supply – Circumflex nerve.

13. Infraspinatus Infrarascapular of the brachial plexus Origin: infra spinatus fossa and scapular cartilage Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus distal to the supraspinatus Action: to abduct the arm and rotate it lateraly Blood supply – subscaplar and posterior circumflex arteries. Nerve supply – Supra scapular nerve.

14. Teres Minor This muscle is in the form of a small elongated bundle situated below infraspinatus muscle. Origin: dorsal part of the caudal scapula,distal and caudal part of infra spinatus fossa . Insertion:deltoid tuberosity,and small area proximal to it, teres minor tuberosity . Action-flex the shoulder, adduct the arm, assist lateral rotation. Blood supply – subscaplar and posterior circumflex arteries. Nerve supply – Circumflex nerve.

15. Medial aspect : Subscapular : Origin: Subscapular fossa and scapular cartilage. Insertion:caudal eminence of the lesser tubercle of the humerus Action: braces medial shoulder joint, potential adductor of the humerus . Blood supply – suprascapular and subscapular arteries. Nerve supply – subscapular branch of brachial plexus. Coracobrachialis : Origin: coracoid process of the scapula Insertion: proximal shaft of the humerus Action: to adduct the arm and to flex the shoulder joint. Blood supply – Anterior circumflex artery. Nerve supply – musculo cutaneous branch from brachial plexus.

16. Teres Major • Aflat wide muscle and lies chiefly on the medialface of tricepsbrachi . Origin: dorsal part of the caudal scapula Insertion: teres major tuberosity midway down humerus Action-to flex the shoulder joint and adduct the arm. Blood supply – Subscapular artery. Nerve supply – branch from brachial plexus.

17. Muscle of the arm Biceps brachii : lies on the cranial surface of the humerus Origin: The tuber scapuli . Insertion: Radial tuberosity and proximal end of ulna. Action: to flex the elbow joint. Blood supply – Anterior circumflex artery. Nerve supply – musculo cutaneous branch from brachial plexus.

18. Brachialis : Lies in the sulcus of the humerus Origin: The area behind the head of humerus Insertion: Medial aspect of the proximal end of radius and proximal end of ulna. Action : to flex the elbow Blood supply – branch from brachial artery. Nerve supply – branch of radial & median nerve.

19. Tensor fasciae antebrachii Thin muscle which lies on the medial surface of the long head of the tricepsbrachi . Origin: tendon of insertion of the latissimus dorsi and caudal scapula Insertion : The olecranon process of ulna. Action : to tense the fascia of the forearm and to extend the elbow. Blood supply – Subscapular artery and branches from brachial artery. Nerve supply – Branch from Radial nerve.

20. Triceps brachi Has three heads Long head: Origin -caudal margin of the scapula. Insertion : The olecranon process of ulna. Action –to extend the elbow,to flex the shoulder Lateral head: Origin- shaft of the humerus . Insertion : The olecranon process of ulna. Medial head: Origin-body of huemrus . Insertion : The olecranon process of ulna. Action-to extend the elbow Blood supply – Deep brachial and posterior cercumflex arteries. Nerve supply – Branch of radial nerve.

21. Anconeus Small muscle, cover the olecranon fossa covered Origin: the distal third of the caudal humerus Insertion : The olecranon process of ulna. Action: extend the elbow. Blood supply –Posterior cercumflex arteries. Nerve supply – Branch of radial nerve.

22. Muscles of the Carpal and Digital Joints Craniolateral position on the forearm Almost all originate from the lateral condyle or epicondyle of the humerus . Almost nerve supply is branch of radial nerve. Extensor carpi radialis : Most medial, inserts on middle metacarpal bone Action –to extend and fix the carpal joint, to flex the elbow joint. Blood supply – branch of brachial artery. Extensor carpi obliquus : Origin: cranial radius Insertion: 1st metacarpal Last two may also serve in medial deviation of the paw Blood supply – branches of interosseous artery. Nerve supply – branch of radial nerve.

23. Common Digital Extensor Insertion: extensor process of the distal phalanx of each digit Sends a medial branch to dew caw. Blood supply – branch of brachial artery. Lateral Digital Extensor Insertion: dorsal proximal phalanges of 3rd to 5th digit. Blood supply – branch of brachial artery and interosseous artery. Medial Digital Extensor Insertion: muscle become long tedinous at the lower part of forearm and insert on 2 nd and 3 rd phalanges of medial digit. Blood supply – branch of brachial artery.

24. Flexors Groop Caudal position on the forearm Almost Originate from the caudal medial condyle & epicondyle of the humerus . Pronator teres : Insertion – at the upper 3 rd of the medial surface of radius. Blood supply – branch of median artery. Nerve supply – branch of median nerve. Flexor carpi radialis : Most medial, inserts on upper 2nd/3rd metacarpal bone. Blood supply – branch of median artery. Nerve supply – branch of median nerve.

25. Ulnaris lateralis Most lateral, inserts on accessory carpal bone and 5th metacarpal. Blood supply – branches of brachial and interosseous artery. Nerve supply – branch of radial nerve. Interosseus muscles Support metacarpophalnageal joints Arise from palmar proximal metacarpal bones and insert on sesamoid bones within the joints, continued by ligaments to phalanges

26. Flexor carpi ulnaris : Most lateral, inserts on the accessory carpal bone. Blood supply – branches of branchial & median artery. Nerve supply – branches of ulnar & median nerve. Superficial Digital Flexor It divides into four branches which insert on the middle phalanges of all digits. Blood supply – branch of median artery and interosseous artery. Nerve supply – branches of ulnar & median nerve. Deep Digital Flexor Passes through carpal canal before branching and continues to palmar distal phalanges. Blood supply – branch of median artery and interosseous artery. Nerve supply – branches of ulnar & median nerve.

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