muscular system.ppt BSN YEAR 1 SEMESTER1

At the completion of this unit, learners will be able to: 1. Define the following terms fascia, epimysium perimysium, endomysium, tendons and aponeurosis 2. Describe the location and function of major muscles of:  The neck  The face  The back  The arms  The legs

1. UNIT: VI
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
BY
SYED YOUSAF SHAH

2. Objectives
At the completion of unit learners will be able to:
Define the following terms fascia, epimysium
perimysium, endomysium, tendons and
aponeurosis
Describe the location and function of major
muscles of:
• The neck
• The face
• The back
• The arms
• The legs

3. Structure: Connective Tissue
Coverings
Fascia
Covers entire skeletal
muscles
Separates them from
each other
Tendon
A tough, cord-like structure made of fibrous connective
tissue
Connects muscles to bones
Aponeurosis
A tough, sheet-like
structure made of
fibrous connective
tissue
Attaches muscles to
other muscles

4. Cont….
Epimysium
A thin covering that is just below the fascia of a
muscle and surrounds the entire muscle
Perimysium
Connective tissue that divides a muscle into
sections called fascicles
Endomysium
Covering of connective tissue that surrounds
individual muscle cells

5. Cont..

6. Functions of Muscle
Muscle has the ability
to contract, permitting
muscles to perform
various functions.
Functions:
Movement
Stability
Control of body
openings and
passages
Heat production

7. Musclesof the neck
Sternocleidomast
oid
Muscles in the
neck and upper
back used to
move the head.
Trapezius
This muscle cover
shoulder and back
of the neck.
It pulls the head
backward,
squares the
shoulder and
controls
movement of
scapula.

8. Cont…

9. Muscles of the face
Occipitofrontalis
Raises the eyebrows
Orbicularisoculi
Allows the eyes to close
Buccinator
Close the jaw
Orbicularisoris
Allows the lips to pucker
Levatorpalpebrae
superioris
It raises the eyelid
Masseter
Close the jaw
Temporalis
Close the mouth and assist
with chewing
Pterygoid
It extends from sphenoid bone
to the mandible
Closes the mouth and pulls
the lower jaw forward.

10. Cont…

11. Major Skeletal Muscles: Upper
Arm
Pectoralis major
Pulls the arm across
the chest
Rotates and adducts
the arms
Latissimus dorsi
Extends and adducts
the arm and rotates
the arm inwardly
Deltoid
Abducts and
extends the arm at
the shoulder
Subscapularis
Rotates the arm
medially
Infraspinatus
Rotates the arm
laterally

12. Major Skeletal Muscles:Upper Arm
(cont.)
Biceps brachii
Flexes the arm at
the elbow
Rotates the hand
laterally
Brachialis
Flexes the arm at
the elbow
Brachioradialis
Flexes the forearm
at the elbow
Triceps brachii
Extends the arm at
the elbow
Supinator
Rotates the
forearm laterally
(supination)
Pronatorteres
Rotates the
forearm medially
(pronation)

13. Cont..

14. Muscles of the Back
Latissimusdorsi
arm away from chest
extension
Teresmajor
It extends, adducts and
medially rotates the
arm
Quadratus
lumborum
Sacrospinalis
Originates from sacrum
Contraction causes
extension of vertebral
column
Psoas
It flexes the hip joint
Trapezius

15. Cont..

16. Muscles of abdominal wall

17. Musclesof the Leg
Psoas major and
iliacus
Flexes the thigh
Gluteus maximus
Extends the thigh
Gluteus medius and
minimus
Abduct the thighs
Rotate them medially
Adductor Group
Adduct the thighs
Rotate them laterally
Biceps femoris,
semitendinosus,
and
semimembranosus
Known as the
hamstring group
Flex the leg at the
knee
Extend the leg at
the thigh

19. Leg (cont.)
Quadriceps femoris:
(Rectus femoris, vastus
lateralis, vastusmedialis,
and vastusintermedius)
Extend the leg at the knee
Sartorius
Flexes the leg at the knee
and thigh
Abducts the thigh, rotating the
thigh laterally but rotating the
lower leg medially
Anterior tibialis
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Obturators

20. Leg (cont.)

24. References
Anne Waugh, et al. (2006). Ross & Wilson:
Anatomy and Physiologyin Health and
Illness, 11
th
edition.
Marieb. E.N.(7
th
edi). Essentials of Human
Anatomy & Physiology.The Human Body: An
Orientation.