Music 8 Unit 2 QUARTER 2 LESSONS MUSIC 8

MUSIC OF CHINA

1. Unit 2 Music 8

2. PART 1: MUSIC OF CHINA

3. WHAT IS CHINESE MUSIC? CHINESE MUSIC IS THE MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSIC IN ASIA, BEING ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST IN LAND AREA AND POPULATION . THEY THOUGHT THAT SOUND HAS AN IMPACT ON THE UNIVERSE’S HARMONY. THEY TREATED MUSIC IN THE HIGHEST SENSE ; IT WAS NOT FOR ENTERTAINMENT BUT FOR CALMING THE PASSIONS AND SECURING PUBLIC HARMONY. BEFORE THE PAST DYNASTIES, MUSIC’S MOST IMPORTANT PURPOSE WAS FOR THERAPY AND SOCIAL ORDER . CHINESE MUSIC IS BASED ON ANCIENT DOCTRINES AND BELIEFS LIKE THOSE OF CONUCIUS, ONE OF THE FAMOUS PHILOSOPHER.

4. ACCORDING TO CONFUCIUS, THE RULE OF MUSIC IS LAID OUT, AND THE QUALITIES OF “GOOD” MUSIC ARE DEFINED. THE CHINESE CHARACTER FOR MUSIC “ YUE” IS THE SAME AS “LE” WHICH MEANS “HAPPY” THAT IMPLIES A HARMONIOUS RELATIONSHIP.

5. FUNCTIONS OF CHINESE MUSIC MUSIC IN THE SERVICE OF SOCIO-POLITICAL IDEALS – MUSIC WAS USED TO PRESERVE SOCIAL ORDER AND STABILITY. ENTERTAINMENT MUSIC – MUSIC PERFORMED FOR ENJOYMENT DURING LEISURE HOURS AND NOT ASSOCIATED WITH WORK OR RELIGIOUS BELIEF. WORK SONGS – THIS MUSIC ARE FOUND IN SUBCULTURES AND ARE COMMON AMONG FARMERS AND LABORERS THAN AMONG MERCHANTS AND SCHOLARS. RELIGIOUS MUSIC – IT IS USED FOR OUTDOOR RITUAL MUSIC AND BUDDHIST CHANTS.

6. ELEMENTS OF CHINESE MUSIC PITCH – WU SHENG OR FIVE-TONE/PENTATONIC SCALE IS THE MOST COMMON CHINESE MUSIC SCALE. CHINESE CULTURE AND PEOPLE BELIEVE IN COSMOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE SUCH AS PLANETS AND COLORS. VOCAL TIMBRE – THE STYLE OF SINGING IS USUALLY THIN AND NASAL. METER/RHYTHM – CHINESE MUSIC IS MOSTLY IN DUPLE METER, A METER WITH TWO BEATS PER MEASURE. TEXTURE – CHINESE MUSIC IS OFTEN MONOPHONIC AND HETEROPHONIC.

7. VOCAL MUSIC OF CHINA RELIGIOUS MUSIC – CONSISTS OF RELIGIOUS CHANTS OR RITUAL MUSIC (TEMPLE MUSIC) THAT IS PERFORMED FOR RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES SUCH AS SALVATION AND MEMORIAL RITUALS. BUDDHIST MUSIC CONSISTS OF CHANTING MUSIC (HYMNS AND LITURGIES) TAOIST MUSIC IS INFLUENCED BY REGIONAL FOLK MUSIC AND USED IN CEREMONIAL RITES. ART SONG – XIAOLING IS VOCAL MUSIC FROM THE 12 TH TO 13 TH CENTURIES BASED ON QU’S POEMS. NARRATIVE MUSIC – ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT GENRES OF STORYTELLING SONGS IS ZHUGONGDIAO. IT IS ABOUT A ROMANTIC LEGEND AND USES DRUM INSTRUMENTS. CHINESE FOLK SONG – DESCRIBE THE LIVES OF MOST HAN CHINESE PEOPLE. SHANG IS AN EXAMPLE OF A FOLK SONG WHICH IS A MOUNTAIN SONG CREATED IN STROPHIC FORM AND USES FEWER REFRAINS.

8. CHINESE MUSIC INSTRUMENTS BOWED STRINGS ERHU (CHINESE VIOLIN) – IS A TWO-STRINGED VIOLIN. BANHU – HAS A LONG, NARROW NECK. PLUCKED STRINGS YUEQIN – IS A LUTE WITH A CIRCULAR SOUND BOX AND A SHORT NECK. RUAN (CHINESE GUITAR) – IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE MOON GUITAR AND IT COMES IN DIFFERENT SHAPES.

9. WIND INSTRUMENTS DIZI – IS A TYPE OF TRADITIONAL FLUTE. XIAO – OFTEN KNOWN AS THE “ LONG FLUTE ” IS A WELL-KNOWN WIND INSTRUMENT. SHENG (MOUTH ORGAN) – IS ONE OF THE EARLIEST INSTRUMENTS IN CHINA PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS (IDIOPHONES) PENGLING – ARE TWO SMALL BELLS MADE OF HIGH-TIN BRONZE. ZHONG – ARE CHINESE CLAPPER BRONZE BELLS PRODUCED MAINLY DURING LATE ZHOU DYNASTY. YUNLUO ( CLOUD GONGS) – IS A 10-PIECE SET OF MINIATURE TUNED GONGS WITH VARYING THICKNESSES FIXED IN A WOODEN FRAME.

10. PART 2: MUSIC OF JAPAN

11. WHAT IS JAPANESE MUSIC? JAPANESE MUSIC IS BASED ON THE FIVE-TONE OR PENTATONIC SCALE , WHICH IS ONE OF CHINESE MUSIC’S INFLUENCES. THEIR MUSICAL STYLES WERE ALSO INFLUENCED BY INDIA AND INDONESIA . TRADITIONAL JAPANESE MUSIC IS MEDITATIVE IN NATURE , WITH HIGHLY RITUALIZED PERFORMANCE.

12. FOUNDATIONS OF JAPANESE TRADITIONAL MUSIC SHOMYO BUDDHIST CHANTING BASED ON SACRED TEXT AND HYMNS HAS A FLEXIBLE RHYTHM WHERE THE SINGER STOPS WHEN THERE IS NO MORE BREATH SUNG IN MONOPHONIC ACAPELLA HAS LOST ITS REAL RELIGIOUS NATURE AND HAS BECOME FORMAL CEREMONIAL MUSIC IN THE TEMPLE AND AT HOME

13. GAGAKU MEANS “ ELEGANT AND REFINED MUSIC ” INCLUDES IMPERIAL COURT MUSIC AND DANCES “GA” MEANS REFINED , WHILE “GAKU” MEANS MUSIC IT IS JAPANS OLDEST SURVIVING MUSICAL FORM. CHINA HAS HAD A BIG INFLUENCE ON THIS COURT MUSIC.

14. TWO BASIC SCALES OF JAPANESE MUSIC YO-SEN ALSO KNOWN AS THE “ HARD MODE ” CONSIDERED AS THE MALE SCALE DOES NOT HAVE SEMITONE INTERVALS IN-SEN ALSO KNOWN AS THE “ SOFT MODE ” CONSIDERED AS THE FEMALE SCALE INCLUDES SEMITONE INTERVALS

15. JAPANESE VOCAL MUSIC MIN’YO OR JAPANESE FOLK SONG IS A GENRE OF JAPANESE TRADITIONAL MUSIC. KYO-DO (LOCAL SONGS) RURAL/VILLAGE SONGS FARMER’S SONGS SONGS ARRANGED BY URBAN MUSICAL SPECIALISTS DANCE SONGS LIKE RAIN DANCES AND FESTIVAL SONGS EXAMPLE: TRADITIONAL SONGS

16. 2. WARABE UTA (CHILDREN SONG) IT FEATURES NEW OR CREATED PIECES BY SPECIALIZED LYRICISTS AND COMPOSERS, AS WELL AS NATURAL SONGS PASSED DOWN THROUGH ORAL TRADITION. EXAMPLE: NURSERY RHYMES 3. HAYARI UTA (POPULAR SONGS) IT IS A COMMON SONG THAT IS MADE OR CREATED AS A PRODUCT BY RECORD COMPANIES AND SPREADS WITH THE BACKING OF THE POPULACE. EXAMPLE: ANIME OPENING SONGS

17. JAPANESE INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC STRING INSTRUMENT (CHORDOPHONES) KOTO – MADE OF PAULOWNIA WOOD WITH A 13-STRINGED ZITHER. BIWA – A SHORT-NECKED LUTE USED IN GAGAKU AND BY BLIND MONK ENTERTAINERS TO ACCOMPANY EARLY PUPPET SHOWS. SHAMISEN – A LONG NARROW THREE-STRINGED PLUCKED LUTE.

18. WIND INSTRUMENT (AEROPHONES) SHO – A MOUTHPIECE ORGAN THAT IS SIMILAR TO THE CHINESE SHENG SHAKUHACHI – A BAMBOO FLUTE WITH FOUR FRONT FINGER HOLES AND ONE BACK THUMB HOLE. SHINOBUE – A FIVE-HOLED VERTICAL FLUTE MADE FROM THE LOWER PART OF A BAMBOO STEM. HICHIRIKI – A BAMBOO OBOE WITH SEVEN FRONT FINGERHOLES AND TWO BACK THUMBHOLES

19. PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS TAIKO – ANCIENT JAPANESE LARGE DRUMS WITH SIZES RANGING FROM A SNARE DRUM TO DRUMS AS LARGE AS A CAR. HYOSHIGI – A PAIR OF HARDWOOD OR BAMBOO CONNECTED BY A THIN ROPE, USED IN THEATERS TO ANNOUNCE THE BEGINNING OF PERFORMANCE. KANE – A DISH-SHAPED BELL HUNG ON A BAR; THE PERCUSSIONIST BEATS THE KANE WITH A SPECIALIZED MALLET.

20. SAKURA Sakura, Sakura, blossoms waving everywhere. Clouds of glory fill the sky. Mist of beauty in the air, lovely colors floating by. Sakura, Sakura, Let all come singing. Sakura, Sakura, Blossoms waving in the breeze. Yoshina , the cherry land, Tatsuta, the maple trees, Karasaki , pine tree grand, Sakura, Sakura, let all come singing

21. PART 3: MUSIC OF KOREA

22. KOREA IS RICH IN MUSICAL CULTURE AND IS DISTINCTIVE DESPITE ITS CHINESE INFLUENCES. KOREAN MUSIC HAS DEVELOPED THROUGH FREQUENT CHANGES WITH NEIGHBORING NATIONS, YET IT HAS PRESERVED AND DEVELOPED A NUMBER OF FEATURES THAT ARE UNIQUE, ESPECIALLY ITS MUSIC.

23. CATEGORIES OF KOREAN MUSIC JEONGAK OR CHONGAK ELEGANT MUSIC FOR THE NOBILITY COURT MUSIC FOR THE HIGHER/RULING CLASS DANGAK – IMPORTED MUSIC FROM CHINA HYANGAK – PURE NATIVE KOREAN MUSIC

24. 2. SOGAK MUSIC FOR THE COMMON PEOPLE VIBRANT AND ENERGETIC MUSIC NONGAK – FOLK SONGS AND FARMER’S SONGS SHAMAN – RITUAL MUSIC WITH ACCESS TO SPIRITS PANSORI – DRAMTIC VOCAL AND PERCUSSIVE MUSIC SANJO – FAST INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

25. KOREAN FOLK MUSIC CONTENT – FOLK SONGS RESONATE WITH THE EMOTIONS OF THE PEOPLE AND THE SIMPLICITY OF THEIR LIFESTYLES. SONGS BY WOMEN ARE CONSIDERED SUPERIOR TO OTHERS IN TERMS OF QUALITY AND QUANTITY. TO KOREAN WOMEN, FOLK SONGS WERE ONE OF THE BEST OUTLETS FOR EXPRESSING OR DIVERTING THEIR FEELINGS OF OPPRESSION. 2. FORM – KOEAN FOLK SONGS USE THE VERSE-REFRAIN FORM. ONE PERSON SINGS THE VERSE AND THE OTHERS RESPOND WITH REFRAIN. 3. MELODY – KOREAN FOLK SONGS ARE BASED ON FIVE DIALECT AREAS, WITH EACH REGION EMPLOYING DIFFERENT MODES IN THEIR OWN LANGUAGE/SINGING STYLES: GYEONGGI (CENTRAL), NAMDO (SOUTHWESTERN), AND SEODO (NORTHWESTERN)

26. KOREAN MUSIC INSTRUMENT STRINGS (CHORDOPHONE) GAYAGEUM – A ZITHER WITH 12 STRINGS, THE MOST POPULAR KOREAN INSTRUMENT. GEOMUNGO – ZITHER WITH SIX STRINGS AND 16 PROPS, PLUCKED AND A PLECTRUM. HAEGEUM – A VERTICAL FIDDLE WITH A ROD-LIKE NECK, HOLLOW WOODEN SOUND BOX, AND TWO SILK STRINGS.

27. B. WIND (AEROPHONES) PIRI – A MELLOW SOUNDING DOUBLE REED OBOE MADE OF BAMBOO SAENGHWANG – MOUTH ORGAN WITH 17 BAMBOO PIPES, EACH WITH A METALLIC FREE REED DAEGEUM – LARGE TRANSVERSE BAMBOO FLUTE WITH A BUZZING MEMBRANE THAT GIVES IT A SPECIAL TIMBRE TAEPYEONGSO – DOUBLE REED OBOE WITH A CONICAL WOODEN BODY, A METAL MOUTHPIECE, AND A CUP-SHAPED BELL

28. C. PERCUSSION JANGGU – AN HOURGLASS-SHAPED DRUM WITH TWO ANIMAL SKIN HEADS BUK – A SHALLOW BARREL-SHAPED DRUM WITH A SPHERICAL HARDWOOD BODY COVERED IN ANIMAL HIDE ON BOTH ENDS. KKWAENGGWARI – A SMALL FLAT HIGH-PITCHED BRASS GONG PLAYED WITH A HARD STICK. IT PRODUCES A CYMBAL-LIKE CRASHING TIMRE.