MYASTHENIA GRAVIS AND GLAUCOMA.pptx

intraocular tension

1. Myasthenia gravis and glaucoma * Prensented by * Mr. Neeraj kumar sahu Devki Astha thakur Jharna sahu Jayvant sahu Mansi chandel Anchal sahu Apollo College Of Pharmacy Durg (2022-2023) Guided by * Ms. Suruj kaushik

2. Content : - Introduction Anatomy of neuromuscular junction Mechanism of action of MG Drug used in MG What is glaucoma Drug used in glaucoma

3. Introduction : - Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disoder characterized by muscular weakness and chronic fatigue that is caused by a defect in the transmission of nerve impulses from nerve ending to muscles. In this case, the chemical transmitter, acetylcholine ( ACh ) is unable to bind to the receptors ( AChR ) on the postsynaptic membrane to transmit the nerve implulse to muscle fibers to produce a muscle contraction.

4. Antomy of neuromuscular jaunction Concepts presynaptic membrane synaptic membrane postsynaptic membrane The neuromuscular junction is a specialized synaps between a neuro and the muscle. It allows signals from the nervous system to contact muscle fibers causing to contact. Acetylecholine plays an important role in neurotransmission.

5. Mechanism of action of MG In MG, antibiotic are directed toward the acetylecholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles. Result in: Destruction of about one third of receptors at all neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles, Flattening of the postsynaptic folds, Widening of the synaptic cleft. Aecetylcholine (Ach) is an important neurotransmitter that stimulates tissue to contract.

6. Antibody mediated mechanism : blockade of Ach Ach receptor Ach Igo Ach-esterase Ach has difficulty binding due to lgG blokage of the binding site. Ach rarely binds and Ach –esterase begins to break it down. Ach has no difficulty binding and is broken down after binding his alredy occurred.

7. Drugs used in MG AChE inhibitors: Anticholinesterasse inhibit acetylcholinesterase ( AchE ), allowing the some Ach molecular to interact with the available nicotinic receptor (NRs); frequesncy of Ach –NR interaction is inceased . Drug: 1) pyridostigmine bromide 2) prostigmine 2) Immunouppressant medicines: They inhibit the immunity sytem , and limiting antibody production. Drug: azothiaprine in addition to steriod medication ( prednisolone ) 3) Tymectomy Removal of thymus gland , which is part of the immune system, may reduces the MG symptoms.

8. 4) Plasmapheresis : Plasmapheresis is also known as a plasma exchange. This process removes harmful antibodies from the blood, which may result impovement in muscle strength. 5) Combination of medicine: Steriods in assition with Immunosuppressant tends to work better than alone. 6) Others: These drugs interface with neuromusclar transmission and excerbate the symptoms of MG aminoglycoside antibiotics beta adrenoreceptor antagonists phenytoin choloroquine penicillamine

9. What is glaucoma Introduction: glaucoma is a disease that damages the eye’s optic nerve. It ususally happens when fluid builds up in the front part of the eye. That extra fluid increases the pressure in the eye, damagigng the optic nerve.

10. Drugs used in glaucoma Atropine- Nturally obtain from Atropine belladonn It is competitive antagonists of all five muscarinc receptor It gives temporary relief from bradycardia Antidote for cholinesterase poisoning Poisoning from mashrum containing muscarine 2) Scopolamine- It is belladonna alkaloids Well absorb though skin Crosses BBB It prevent motion sickness and nausea associated with the use of opiloid analgesics.

11. 3) Tropicamide - short acting antimuscarinic drug Applied as eye drops prior to retinal exam. They produce mydriasis by inhibiting the contraction of the iris spincter muscles They are smetimes co-administered with phenylephrine . 4) Ipratropium bromide- It is quaternary analog of atropine Used to prevent bronchospasm assosiated with COPD and asthma. 5) Glycopyrrolate - It is quaternary analog of atropine Uesd as preoperative medication to reduce salivary and respiratory secretion In cobination with neostigmine to reseve the sffect of non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant at the end of surgery

12. Reference https.// www.SlideShare.net.com https// www.en.wiKipedia.org http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/4826
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