Mycorrhiza and its types

As per SGBAU B.Sc. Botany Part I Semester I

1. Mycorrhiza By, Mr . Pranav V Gadkar , M.Sc Botany , NET JRF, SET, GATE. Assistant Professor, Department Of Botany, B.B. Arts, N.B. Commerce And B.P. Science College Digras .

2. Introduction Mycorrhiza – Symbiotic association formed between roots of higher plants and fungi. In Greek, mykes : mushroom or fungi; rhiza : root. Discovery by German Botanist A B Frank ( 1855) in Pine. 90 % Plants infected with micorrhiza - 83% Dicots , 79 % Monocots and 100 % Gymnosperms Convert Insoluble form of phosphorous in soil into soluble form.

3. Types of Mycorrhiza On the basis of morphological and anatomical feature Mycorrhiza divided into 3 types. Mycorrhiza Endomycorrhiza Ectomycorrhiza Ectendomycorrhiza

4. Types of Mycorrhiza

5. Endomycorrhiza Mycorrhizal association in which fungal hyphae are present on root surfaces as individual threads that may penetrate directly into root hairs, other epidermal cells & into cortical cells.

6. 1. VAM Fungi ( Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ) Important type of endomycorrhiza . Fungi in VAM association belongs to Ascomycetes , Basidiomycetes and zygomycetes . VAM generally occur in Graminae , Palmae , Rosaceae and Leguminosae. VAM Fungi are Obligate Biotropic . Fungal hyphae produce thick walled black ballon like chlamydospores ranges between 10-250 µm in diameter. Produced Singly or in clusters as vesicle at loose end of hyphae . Loosely aggregated spores are also formed in reproductive structure called sporocarp .

7. 2. Orchidoid Mycorrhiza Fungi belongs to Basidiomycotina and colonize only member of orchidaceae . Association may be pseudo mycorrhizal but plays important role in establishment of orchid seedlings.

8. 3. Ericoid Mycorrhiza Fungal members usually Basidiomycetous and Ascomycotina . This is found in the roots of plants belonging to order Ericales . Rootlets are covered by a loosely woven mesh of dark brown septate hyphae from which branches penetrate the cortical cells.

9. 4. Arbutoid Mycorrhiza Variants of ectomycorrhiza found in certain plants in the ericaceae characterized by hyphae coils in epidermal cell. A major difference between arbutoid and ectoycorrhizal association is that hyphae of former actually penetrate outer cortical cells and fill them with coils

10. 5. Monotropoid Mycorrhiza Fungi belongs to Basidiomycotina colonizing achlorophyllous members of angiosperms belonging to family monotropaceae . Fungal sheath is present.

11. Ectomycorrhiza ECM are association , where fungi form a mantle around the roots. There is no hyphal penetration of cells. Fungal hypha is generally separate A distinct Hartig’s net is present between the cells.

12. Ectendomycorrhiza Fungi Belongs to Basidiomycotina . Show extensive intercellular penetration. Formation of ectendomycorrhiza begins with formation of hartig’s net is present between cells which grows behind apical meristem of growing root. The Hartig’s net penetrates between the epidermal and outer cortical cells later extends to inner cortex

13. Application of Mycorrhiza Increase Nutrition uptake of plant from soil. Nutrition and other elements : N, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, S, B, Mo, Fe, Mn , Cl increase diversity of plant. Produce uniform seedling. Significant role in nutrient recycling. More tolerant to adverse soil chemical constraints which limit crop production. Increase plant resistance to diseases and drought. Stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganism, improve soil structure. Increase absorption of phosphate by crops. Uptake of zinc also increases. Increase Uptake of Water from soil. Protect Plants in stress condition.

14. Thank You